MD-11 automatic flight system

The overall architecture and redundancy of the highly integrated MD-11 automatic flight system for commercial aircraft are summarized, and the application of the flight control computer capabilities to each of the system functions is detailed. The automatic flight system interface with other primary systems and subsystems is described     

基于飞行参数数据挖掘的军机健康评估技术

以新型战机为代表的现代武器装备的参数数据越来越庞大,提出了基于飞行参数数据挖掘的军机健康评估技术。首先构建了军机健康评估设计及应用的"V"型架构,将数据获取、数据分析、方法应用、挖掘建模、评估结果和决策应用等流程融入到数据层、业务层、应用层等功能层级中。然后,综合运用改进故障树分析、高斯混合模型、层次分析法等方法,构建了适用于军机健康评估的架构、方法及流程。最后,以某军机实际飞行数据进行了应用分析,证明了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Firewire in modern integrated military avionics

High performance communications, navigation, and identification (CNI) functions on modern military aircraft are increasingly required for mission readiness. The operation of simultaneous waveforms through an integrated avionics rack of shared resources becomes a test in moving data rapidly from one signal processing stage to the next. The IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is a commercial high bandwidth bus whose 64-bit addressing and maximum 400 Mbits/second throughput satisfies this demanding military avionics interconnect need. The challenge in applying this commercial product to integrated avionics is the requirement to seamlessly add message priority encoding. By having message priorities, the slower strategic communications links will not impair the performance of higher data rate tactical communications, thereby avoiding potentially life-threatening bottlenecks. The flight environment imposes additional challenges to ruggedize the cabling between integrated avionics racks and to utilize the full capabilities of the Firewire bus. A discussion of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers, as used in avionics applications will be done. Additionally, the versatility of 1394 in military avionics with its variable channel sizes, bandwidth on demand, hierarchical addressing, and upgrade to 800 and 1600 Mbps with a 64-bit wide data path, is emphasized. Finally, system maintenance advantages of 1394's hot pluggable features are discussed, with an eye toward cost reduction on the flight line and total operational time of the aircraft avionics systems     

Integrated flight/fire control for attack helicopters

It is shown that integrated flight and fire control modes, analogous to those used in fixed-wing applications, can be implemented to enhance an attack helicopter's air-to-air and air-to-ground combat effectiveness. With fly-by-wire active flight controls and state-of-the-art technology in target acquisition and tracking, integrated flight/fire control can increase firing opportunities, improve weapon accuracy and enhance survivability. Two typical applications are illustrated, using detailed simulations of the fly-by-wire controlled helicopter and associated weapons systems. The avionics architecture needed to implement an integrated system is described, and it is shown that it is achievable with straightforward extensions of designs already in place for advanced versions of the AH-64 aircraft     

Evaluation Model of Design for Operation and Architecture of Hierarchical Virtual Simulation for Flight Vehicle Design

In order to take requirements for commercial operations or military missions into better consideration in new flight vehicle design, a tri-hierarchical task classification model of "design for operation" is proposed, which takes basic man-object interaction task, complex collaborative operation and large-scale joint operation into account. The corresponding general architecture of evaluation criteria is also depicted. Then a virtual simulation-based approach to implement the evaluations at three hierarchy levels is mainly analyzed with a detailed example, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of evaluation architecture. Finally, extending the virtual simulation architecture from design to operation training is discussed.     

空/空机炮模态综合控制系统稳定性分析

在借鉴美国军用标准 MIL-F-8785C和 MIL-F-94 90 D的基础上 ,进行了综合飞行 /火力控制系统稳定性分析研究。以空 /空机炮模态为例 ,给出了综合控制系统小扰动稳定性分析准则 ,提出一种通过仿真计算得出系统稳定性指标的方法。最后以高性能控制仿真软件 MATRIXX6.0作为仿真平台进行了综合飞行/火力控制系统稳定性分析。实际应用表明 ,所提出的方法建模速度快、计算精度高、可靠性好 ,具有较强的实用性。     

ULM battery technology review and applications update

The Ultra Low Maintenance (ULM) battery technology and its historical performance validation programs are reviewed. Recent military flight test programs are discussed and the growing lists of both military and commercial aircraft flying ULM batteries are presented     

基于模型的民机自动飞行功能分析与设计

描述了民用飞机自动飞行系统基于模型的功能分析与架构设计过程。该研究采用符合现代系统工程理念的模型化设计形式,表明和确认系统功能在各种运行决策、人机交互和外部环境中的变化。它针对系统级功能静态、动态特性进行结构化分析和设计,系统性地研究外部对象、应用用例、功能逻辑、交联时序和状态跳转,在确认模型的合理性后生成逻辑架构与接口,将设计需求进行分配,用于设计实现和软硬件架构。该研究通过对飞行导引、自动推力、自动着陆、机组通告等功能的可用性和完整性进行分析检验,改进了功能需求设计。     

Open systems architecture for integrated RF electronics

The Integrated Sensor System (ISS) program is defining an Open System Architecture (OSA) for Radio Frequency (RF) electronics, which represent the largest portion of an advanced aircraft's avionics flyaway cost. An integrated architecture is used to reduce costs in a number of ways, including time-sharing, centralization of resources, and reduction of the number of unique module types. The OSA approach extends these cost reductions by simplifying technology insertion, using well-understood standards, and increasing use of commercial hardware and software. This paper describes interim results. The work was funded by the Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF)     

Space Station Payload Accommodation

The unique characteristics of the Space Station are changing the ways payloads are designed and accommodated for orbital flight. Station accommodations need to be versatile and operationally flexible to permit integration of many types of equipment in a variety of modes; and autonomous to render each payload independent or invisible to the rest of the system and other mission equipment. This paper presents the various categories of Space Station payloads, the user facilities that are being designed to accommodate them, illustrates through scientific and commercial scenarios the utilization of those facilities, and identifies the factors that must be considered to make the Space Station an effective tool for the users.     

军民融合视角下民用飞机维修体系建设及其在国防装备保障领域的应用

随着科技的快速发展,国防装备复杂程度日益增高,目前,以军方的保障能力要想合理有效地独立完成其保障任务仍有难度。为了提供更好的供应保障,基于民用飞机维修体系,结合国防装备使用特点,从军民融合的视角提出民用飞机维修体系建设经验在国防装备保障领域的应用建议,将民用飞机维修体系中的客户需求分析、健康监控与管理技术、维修策略、保障模式等融入国防装备研究领域,健全完善国防装备的技术和保障模式。     

Advanced developments in NiH2 Dependent Pressure Vessel(DPV) cell and battery technology

The Dependent Pressure Vessel (DPV) Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH₂ ) design is being developed by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. (EPI) as an advanced battery for military and commercial, aerospace and terrestrial applications. The DPV cell design offers high specific energy and energy density as well as reduced cost, while retaining the established Individual Pressure Vessel (IPV) technology flight heritage and database. This advanced DPV design also offers a more efficient mechanical, electrical and thermal cell and battery configuration and a reduced parts count. The DPV battery design promotes compact, minimum volume packaging and weight efficiency, and delivers cost and weight savings with minimal design risks     

电子飞控飞机的飞行品质适航验证

FAA AC25-7A中的飞行品质评定方法 (HQRM)能够对使用电子飞控系统的民用运输机进行飞行品质评估。分析了HQRM评估程序以及相关适航要求,根据某民用飞机飞控系统功能危险分析,针对单侧升降舵卡阻这一典型故障,提出了在该失效状态下的模拟器飞行品质评估试验程序,分别给出了HQRM和相应军用标准评估方法,对军民评估方法的差异性和一致性进行了分析。研究结果对采用电子飞控系统的现代飞机的飞行品质适航验证具有工程参考意义。     

基于航迹运行的大型客机推力管理系统需求分析

在基于航迹的运行(Trajectory Based Operation,TBO)模式中,推力管理是使飞机在安全飞行的同时,提高燃油经济性、飞行性能的关键技术。为了分析出必要可要的需求,基于民航客机推力及飞行性能原理,本文分析了基于4D-TBO的推力管理的功能及实施相关功能所必须的数据,在此基础上去设计基于航迹运行的推力管理系统(Thrust Management System,TMS)的架构,从而获得了满足未来大型先进客机飞行任务需要的TMS的重要基础信息。     

未来新机对试飞技术的影响及对策

在综合和分析２０２０年前国外军，民机发展趋势及其所采用新技术的基础上，分析与研究了具有高新技术的新机对试飞机发展的六方面影响。最后针当前我国试飞技术存在的主要问题，从试验研究机，试飞技术基础研究，地面支持设备的技术改造与建设及试飞组织管理等方面，论述我国２０２０年前试飞技术的发展对策，以供制定航空科技政策和规划时参考。     

Switched Ethernet testing for avionics applications

Switched Ethernet is being implemented as an avionics communication architecture. A commercial standard (ARINC-664) and an aircraft vendor-specific implementation known as avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) have been developed that defines the topology and use of switched Ethernet in an avionics application. In avionics applications, the movement of data between devices must take place in a deterministic fashion and must be delivered reliably. All aircraft flight hardware must be tested to be sure that it will communicate information properly in the switched Ethernet network. The airframe manufacture must test the integrated network to verify that all flight hardware is communicating properly. Testing and maintenance testing is required to perform data communication level testing of switched Ethernet architectures for avionics applications to insure that all communication is deterministic and reliable. This paper provides an overview of a switched Ethernet avionics network and identifies the testing challenges associated with a switched Ethernet avionics application. A practical implementation performing the required tests is discussed.     

Containing military autotest cost growth through the use ofcommercial standard equipment architectures

The 1990s have been stressful for commercial airline industry: fierce competition has caused the demise of several carriers. The resulting drive to slash operating expenses has bolstered development of avionics industry standards for automated test equipment. Rockwell's Collins Air Transport Division (CATD) has begun to market compliant test gear that airline maintenance departments wishing to acquire modern high performance test systems without the development cost penalty have eagerly received. A similar situation now confronts the military. The various branches can no longer justify the maintenance of independent autotest architectures. This paper describes the CATD implementation of the commercial-standard architecture; shows how we have designed the system to avoid obsolescence; and indicates the considerations that are necessary for adapting it to military scenarios     

Software architecture requirements for DoD automatic test systems

The DoD has achieved success with recent automatic test equipment (ATE) families, as evidenced by the navy's consolidated automated support system (CASS) and the army's integrated family of test equipment (IFTE) programs. However, as these systems age, the increased requirements for technology insertion due to instrument obsolescence and the demands of advanced electronics are becoming evident. Recent advances in test technology promise to yield reduced total ownership costs (TOC) for ATE which can incorporate the new technology. The DoD automatic test system (ATS) executive agent office (EAO) objective is to significantly reduce total ownership cost. Several objectives have been identified including use of synthetic instruments, support for legacy test product sets (TPSs), and more efficient ways of developing TPSs. The NxTest software architecture will meet the objectives by providing an open systems approach to the system software. This will allow for the incorporation of commercial applications in the TPS development and execution environments and support current advances in test technology     

低性能代偿损失的环境控制系统方案研究

从集成能源子系统的概念出发,提出了一种以环控系统为核心的热能管理组合方案。建立了该组合方案在巡航模式下工作时的数学模型,对其参数匹配的方法进行了探讨。并对主要附件性能的影响进行了分析。