中心锥式进气道跨音速内外流场的混合差分计算

一、引言 文献[1]曾用跨音速定常势流的混合差分法成功地计算了皮托管式轴对称进气道内外跨音速流场,本文进一步用上述方法计算了中心锥式进气道的跨音速流场。中心锥式进气道的通道形状大多为收缩-扩张型,内通道壁面扰动较强。同时,由于中心体的存在,使传递进气道出口反压扰动的横向松弛线被隔断,因此,在皮托管式进气道计算中行之     

密切内锥乘波前体进气道一体化设计和性能分析

采用特征线方法设计了具有直线初始激波、内收缩段消除激波反射、出口参数均匀可控的基准内锥流场。基于密切内锥(Osculating Inward turning Cone,OIC)乘波体设计方法,发展了密切内锥乘波前体进气道(Os-culating Inward turning Cone Waverider Inlet,OICWI)一体化设计技术。基于基准内锥流场和前体进气道一体化设计技术,设计了密切内锥乘波前体进气道。采用数值方法对设计的密切内锥乘波前体进气道进行了计算分析,结果表明无粘流场结构和基准内锥流场吻合,无粘模拟结果和理论设计结果吻合。粘性数值模拟结果显示一体化进气道具有较高的流量捕获率及总压恢复特性,进气道出口流场分布均匀。     

超音速轴对称头部进气道的内、外流场及外壳压阻计算

为了计算超音速轴对称头部进气道的流场,采用有限差分法编制了一个通用计算程序。该程序适用于皮托式、单锥、双锥、三锥、等熵锥等各种进气道的正问题气动设计。由于在进气道无粘流场计算中,采用了分离奇性的差分方法及混合使用显、隐差分格式,所以在边界点和内点及奇点邻域,计算结果均达到二级精度。程序可瑜出所需要的进气道各内流特性及外流特性。 文中列生了五个计算实例,并与特征线法计算结果和实验结果作了比较。符合程度令人满意。     

内乘波式进气道内收缩基本流场研究

内收缩基本流场的设计直接决定了内乘波式进气道最终性能.编制二维轴对称特征线法程序,实现了来流马赫数6条件下的内收缩锥基本流场计算.提出以两道曲激波将内收缩锥流场划分为三个区域,反射激波与基本流场的交点所在平面流量平均参数作为内收缩锥基本流场的性能评价参数.分析发现,内收缩锥基本流场流动特征与平面二维流动和外锥流动存在显著不同,该类流场流动损失与二维平面流动相当,但压缩能力强.内锥角、中心体半径比两个几何参数对流场性能的影响具有相似规律,给出了相应表达式,从而为内乘波式进气道的设计提供了依据.     

CFD方法在背负式进气道堵锥风洞试验模型设计中的应用

在飞机的测力风洞试验中,为了模拟进气口附近流场,通常在进气道前设计堵锥,但对于背负式进气道飞机,常规的进气道堵锥设计可能不再适用。本文通过CFD方法进行了进气道堵锥类型的选择,使试验中风洞模型进气道附近流场的流态具有更高的相似性。     

一种乘波前体进气道的一体化设计及性能分析

采用特征线方法设计了具有直线初始激波、内收缩段消除激波反射、出口参数均匀可控的基准内锥流场.基于密切内锥(osculating inward turning cone,OIC)乘波体设计方法,发展了一体化密切内锥乘波前体进气道(osculating inward turning cone waverider inlet,OICWI)设计技术.基于一体化基准内锥流场和前体进气道设计技术,设计了密切内锥乘波前体进气道.采用数值软件对设计的乘波前体进气道进行了仿真分析,结论如下:①OICWI的设计是遵循气动原理的.②一体化密切内锥乘波前体进气道的前缘形状、内收缩比及出口参数可以根据需求定量准确设计.③理论设计结果和模拟结果吻合一致,证明设计方法是正确可靠的.④数值模拟研究结果表明一体化密切内锥乘波前体进气道具有较好的出口流场均匀度及较高的流量捕获率和较高的总压恢复特性.      

密切曲面内锥乘波前体进气道设计和试验研究

介绍了密切曲面内锥乘波前体进气道（Osculating Inward turning Cone Waverider Inlet,OICWI）的一体化设计方法,对该型乘波前体进气道的性能进行了数值分析,针对该型一体化乘波前体进气道完成了风洞试验研究。理论设计结果和设计状态无粘模拟结果一致,设计状态下的计算结果表明,前体进气道具有较高的总压恢复、较好出口流场均匀度及较高的流量捕获率。试验研究结果表明,改型一体化前体进气道在马赫数5～7条件下顺利启动,流场波系及压力分布同数值分析结果吻合。     

四段修型弥散反射激波中心体基准流场研究

针对高超声速内收缩进气道宽马赫数范围工作的要求,设计了一种四段修型弥散反射激波中心体基准流场,可明显提高基准流场来流马赫数高于设计点来流马赫数（6.0）时的压缩效率,巡航点（来流马赫数为7.0）出口总压恢复系数较下凹圆弧中心体基准流场提高了2.3%.此外,基于两种基准流场分别设计了圆形进口内收缩进气道并在来流马赫数为5.0~8.0范围内进行数值计算,结果表明:来流马赫数高于设计点来流马赫数时,四段修型进气道的压缩效率更高.有黏条件下,来流马赫数为8.0时二者的增压比近似相等,四段修型进气道喉道截面出口总压恢复系数相对提高了1.1%.      

最小波阻锥导乘波体和三维内转式进气道一体化设计

发展了最小波阻锥导乘波体和三维内转式进气道的一体化乘波体进气道设计新方法,给出了一个设计实例,评估了新型一体化前体进气道在典型状态下的流场结构和性能,验证了设计方法的正确性。文中首先介绍并验证了基于最小阻力理论或其他优化方法的最小波阻锥导乘波体的设计方法,然后介绍了内锥基准流场的设计过程,进一步介绍了流线追踪三维内转式进气道同最小波阻锥导乘波体的一体化设计方法,并对一体化构型在设计状态下的流场结构和流动参数进行了分析评估,结果符合预期。最后评估了新型一体化前体进气道在非设计条件下的性能,结果显示其具有较高的压缩进气效率。这种新型最小波阻锥导乘波体和三维内转式进气道的一体化设计技术,丰富了吸气式高超飞行器的一体化布局方案,可为后续吸气式高超飞行器一体化布局提供设计方法支撑。     

有无中心锥圆排波瓣喷管引射器内流场模拟与比较

用数值模拟手段研究了中心锥增进圆排波瓣喷管引射器内热混合流场的影响 ,推导了非正交曲线坐标系下有无中心锥圆排波瓣喷管引射器内流场的基本方程 ,采用 SIMPLEC算法和一种完全压力修正方法 ,以物理平面速度分量作为求解变量 ,以逆变速度作为界面流速 ,在同位网格上求解了有中心锥波瓣喷管引射器内的流场控制方程 ,并与实验测量结果和无中心锥的数值计算结果进行了比较。结果表明 ,计算结果与测量值符合较好。有中心锥的低温等值线可以延伸至中心轴线 ,与在没有中心锥的情况下 ,混合管中心轴线处的温度始终保持为高温状态有很大的不同。从而找到了有中心锥的圆柱混合管热混合效率大于没有中心锥的根本原因     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.