无人机空中加油自主会合的制导与控制

针对无人机空中加油的自主会合问题,进行了相应制导律和非线性控制器的设计。通过改进的带角度约束的三维比例制导律实现对航向角的控制,以协调转弯的方式将航迹角指令转化为姿态角指令。基于无人机六自由度的动力学模型,针对无人机的姿态控制,采用时标分离的方法设计了慢子系统和快子系统,并对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计。同时,基于滑模控制的方法设计了满足自主会合要求的速度控制律。在保证无人机飞行稳定的基础上,实现了对控制和制导指令的精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律和控制律能够实现无人机空中加油的自主会合,具有良好的动态特性。     

无人机控制律仿真

文中将粒子群优化算法及动态逆控制方法,应用到无人机控制律的设计与仿真验证中。设计了动态逆控制律及其仿真,引用了基于动态逆控制理论的无人机控制律。应用动态逆控制(Dynamic Inversion Control,DIC)技术,设计了姿态角速率回路与姿态角回路,作为无人机控制系统的内回路;应用PID (比例、积分、微分控制技术,设计了三轴位移回路,作为控制系统的外回路。通过PSO优化算法及样条函数,设计了符合无人机使用要求的航迹曲线。最后,对航迹点进行样条插值,得到平滑的航迹曲线。对无人机控制律响应与航迹跟踪,进行了综合仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的无人机控制律,在允许精度的范围内,跟踪无人机预定航迹效果良好,满足无人机飞行控制需求。     

无人机空中加油自主编队控制器设计

针对自主空中加油(AAR)任务中的飞行器编队形成问题,提出了一个完整的自主控制器方案。采用基于视线的编队制导律控制队形,产生制导指令。针对加油编队过程中产生的模型误差和尾涡扰动等不确定性,基于RBF神经网络和自适应Backstepping方法,设计了UAV姿态和速度非线性控制律来在线逼近和补偿不确定性,保证系统的鲁棒性和稳定性。使用协调转弯方式将航迹角指令转换为姿态指令,以实现控制律对航迹角指令的精确跟踪。最后,仿真结果验证了制导律和控制律的有效性。     

软管连接约束下的加油机/无人机编队跟踪控制

在自主空中加油任务中,针对受油无人机（UAV）与加油机对接后形成的软管约束下的编队跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于领航-跟随的加油编队跟踪控制方法。首先,建立软管约束下加油编队运动学/动力学模型。然后设计非奇异终端滑模编队快速收敛控制器,以满足软管约束下加油编队的快速收敛需求;再考虑复杂气流和软管未知扰动,结合扩张状态观测器和PI型动态逆控制,设计无人机轨迹跟踪控制器,并基于Lyapunov稳定性分析证明闭环系统可实现有限时间的快速稳定。最后,通过数值仿真来验证所设计加油编队控制方法的有效性。     

具有边界保护性能的直升机飞-发一体化控制律

针对直升机飞-发一体化控制和边界保护控制问题，提出了一种基于投影算子的新型边界保护控制律设计方法，基于反馈控制概念设计了指令约束器，通过对控制指令进行修正，实现边界保护控制。基于UH-60直升机和T700涡轴发动机的参数，建立了直升机-传动机构-发动机综合系统的数学模型，采用动态逆和线性二次型调节器（LQR）控制理论设计了直升机飞-发一体化控制律，与基于投影算子的边界保护控制模块进行整合形成完整控制律。采用数值仿真检验了控制律的控制性能，仿真结果表明本文设计的控制律能够实现直升机和发动机的综合控制，在高度、滚转、俯仰、偏航通道实现显模型跟踪控制性能的同时，实现了高度变化率、姿态角、姿态角速率和发动机动力涡轮转速边界保护控制要求。     

舰载机横侧向着舰控制律研究

研究了舰载机横侧向着舰控制律。建立了舰尾气流扰动下的舰载机横侧向数学模型;提出了基于滚转角指令控制方式的舰载机横侧向着舰控制律设计思想,并分析了滚转角指令控制方式的优点;采用SHL神经网络动态逆控制方法设计了横侧向着舰控制律;对舰载机滚转角、航迹侧滑角和偏航角进行了数值仿真。结果表明,横侧向滚转角指令控制系统对飞行状态变化具有良好的鲁棒性和解耦能力,对舰尾气流扰动的敏感性远低于滚转角速率指令控制系统,能较好地满足着舰控制要求。     

基于动态逆-PID的高超声速飞行器巡航姿态控制

以某型高超声速飞行器为研究对象,针对巡航状态下气动参数不确定的姿态控制问题,提出了一种结合非线性动态逆控制与PID控制的姿态控制方法。首先,对高超声速飞行器非线性模型进行精确反馈线性化,得到了飞行器纵向姿态仿射非线性方程;接着,为速率变化快慢不同的迎角和俯仰角速率分别设计了动态逆控制律以抵消对象的非线性特性;然后,在动态逆控制的基础上,采用工程上易于实现的PID控制补偿由于未精确建模带来的系统逆误差,实现了迎角对指令信号的有效跟踪;最后,进行了数值仿真验证。结果表明,所设计的高超声速飞行器动态逆-PID姿态控制器具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性能。     

基于增量动态逆的协同轨迹控制方法研究

针对协同飞行飞机的队形保持和轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种基于增量动态逆的协同轨迹控制方法。首先按照时标分离原理,利用增量动态逆设计飞机航迹控制律;然后使用非线性制导法完成复杂轨迹跟踪控制;接着基于一致性理论,设计4架飞机的长机-僚机协同飞行轨迹控制律,长机利用L1轨迹制导跟踪期望飞行轨迹,僚机通过基于一致性协议的协同控制律进行队形变换并跟踪长机。仿真结果表明,该方案能够很好地完成协同队形变换和协同轨迹跟踪控制。     

基于动态逆方法的三维制导律研究

基于零化视线角速率思想,设计了三维非线性动态逆制导律。首先建立了导弹和目标空间运动学模型和相对运动学模型;然后利用动态逆方法,将制导问题转化为角度跟踪控制问题,将导弹弹道倾角和弹道偏角作为反馈项,补偿输入动态项,将非线性控制问题转化为线性化问题进行求解,未出现隐动态,推导出了三维空间动态逆制导指令;最后运用带有延迟环节的三阶自动驾驶仪模型进行了仿真。结果表明,该制导律具有拦截机动目标的能力,且相对于比例导引,拦截时间短,脱靶量小,导弹过载变化平稳。     

基于直接升力与动态逆的舰尾流抑制方法

在复杂的作战和着舰环境下,舰尾气流扰动是着舰误差的最主要来源之一。如果在着舰下滑阶段利用直接升力控制（DLC）的快速性和解耦性能力,可以极大地减轻飞行员着舰操纵负担并且提高着舰最后阶段对舰尾流的抑制能力。从航迹调节和姿态稳定的解耦角度出发,提出在非线性动态逆（NDI）控制框架下实现基于直接升力的着舰控制律方法,并通过建立含有舰尾流扰动的E-2C全量飞机仿真模型进行验证。结果表明：在非线性动态逆控制中引入直接升力的舰载机着舰控制律,可以实现在着舰下滑阶段姿态稳定的同时,通过直接升力快速解耦调节航迹误差,并且在引入舰尾流干扰的情况下,具有快速修正下滑倾角误差、抑制舰尾流干扰的能力,最终达到显著提高着舰精度的效果。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.