低速叶型气动反问题设计方法

 低马赫数不可压流动中声速与流速大小差别巨大,采用基于可压缩流动控制方程的计算格式求解流场时,由于数值黏性的污染,解的精度低且收敛性差,通常可使用时间预处理技术来解决这一问题。在基于控制理论的优化方法中,共轭方程的Jacobian矩阵和流动方程的系数矩阵相似,因而在低流动马赫数下,求解共轭方程存在着与求解流动方程相同的数值污染和数值刚性问题。首先推导了带有预处理的Roe格式,然后发展了适合全速度流动的共轭方程求解方法,最后选取翼型和叶栅两个典型算例进行了验证。计算结果表明所发展的方法可很好地用于低马赫数时的气动反问题设计。     

低马赫数流动分区并行计算研究

在由文献[1]提出的低马赫数流动数值模拟方法的基础上,本文开展了该方法的分区并行计算研究,发展了一套通用性较好的低马赫数流动分区并行数值模拟程序.该程序在MPP并行计算机上获得了正确的计算结果和较好的收敛速度,取得了很好的加速比.     

预处理方法在混合笛卡尔网格中的应用研究

使用基于混合笛卡尔网格的预处理方法,对低马赫数下的定常/非定常流动问题进行了数值模拟研究。网格生成中,在物面附近生成贴体结构网格,其余计算区域使用笛卡尔网格进行填充,两套网格之间通过查找"贡献单元"实现流场数据间的传递。同时,使用基于密度的预处理方法,发展了一套可求解从低速(极低马赫数)到常规马赫数的N-S方程求解器,时间离散使用隐式双时间步LU-SGS格式,空间离散使用具有二阶精度的格心格式有限体积方法。非定常流动问题的数值模拟过程中,使用逆距离插值来进行新现网格单元上流场参数确定。通过对NACA0012翼型在低马赫数下的定常绕流和动态失速问题的数值模拟研究表明:使用预处理方法能够加快低马赫数下数值计算的收敛速度和提高计算的准确性,基于混合笛卡尔网格的N-S方程求解器能够模拟包含运动边界的低速不可压非定常流动问题。耦合预处理技术的混合笛卡尔网格方法给包含低速和常规马赫数的复杂运动边界问题的求解提供了新的思路。     

三维扩压叶栅非定常流动机理研究的频谱分析

计算了三维直叶栅在不同攻角、不同马赫数下的流动情况,得到流场的非定常解,并进行了频谱分析,对叶栅非定常流动的流场结构和流动机理做了初步的探讨。分析计算结果表明:在来流均匀,定常边界条件下,叶栅内流动仍然表现出强烈的非定常性。分离区和尾迹中的流动,以旋涡的有规律周期性脱落为主要的运动形式。旋涡脱落的频率,随着攻角和马赫数的变化而变化:同马赫数下,攻角越大,频率越低;同攻角下,马赫数越高,频率越高。同时,在同一工况下,旋涡频率沿叶高呈非均匀分布,叶中区域频率相对低,靠近端壁区频率相对高。      

HLL-HLLC格式的构造与应用研究

HLLC格式是一种单调高分辨率格式,能够精确捕捉激波、接触间断和稀疏波,在可压缩流动中具有很高的应用价值;HLL格式相较于HLLC格式,抹平了接触间断,具有较大的数值耗散。然而,数值计算表明,在低马赫数和跨声速计算中表现较好的HLLC格式,在高马赫数强激波附近出现了激波不稳定现象。本文意图通过研究HLLC和HLL格式的数学性质,构造出一种适合更大马赫数范围的HLL-HLLC格式。新格式在较低马赫数下表现出HLLC的性质,是一种低耗散的格式;在高马赫数时具有HLL格式的性质,能够克服激波不稳定现象。通过对高超声速双楔流动、超声速后台阶流动和高超声速钝头体流动数值模拟证明了本文构造格式克服激波不稳定现象的有效性和鲁棒性。     

低耗散TVD格式及叶轮机内低马赫数流动模拟

推导了条件化预处理矩阵在守恒变量下的形式,以及三维任意曲线坐标系下的相应的系统特征值与特征矩阵。根据预处理技术修正了任意曲线坐标下的Harten-TVD格式,得到低耗散TVD格式,并讨论了抑制了压力速度失耦的方法。分别使用修正后低耗散格式与未修正的格式,对高负荷低压涡轮叶栅T106内低速流动:进口马赫数分别为0.1,0.01和0.001,进行数值模拟。计算表明,未修正格式不能得到有意义的结果,而修正后的低耗散格式,即使在极低的马赫数流动下,也工作良好。同时可以注意到:对于无粘流动,三种进口马赫数条件下,流场内等压线分布几乎是一致的。      

附面层吸入式进气道内流动损失特性

用数值仿真手段，对进气道内流总压损失采用逐段对比分析的方法，研究了附面层吸入式（BLI）进气道相对于常规S弯进气道的内流总压损失特性。结果表明：进气道出口马赫数不变，较低来流马赫数和较高来流马赫数工况下（方案对应马赫数0.3以下和马赫数0.6以上），BLI进气道产生的流动损失比常规S弯进气道的大，差量达2.4%；中等来流马赫数工况下（本文方案对应马赫数0.3与马赫数0.6之间），BLI进气道产生的流动损失比常规S弯进气道的略小，差量在0.3%以内；流动损失特性间的差异是由于BLI进气道进口前壁面与进口低能附面流改变了进口段流动特性、及在S弯管道内发展的综合作用结果。     

A Preconditioned Multigrid Method for Efficient Simulation of Three-dimensional Compressible and Incompressible Flows

将矩阵预处理方法与多重网格方法结合,发展了适用于机翼及复杂外形气动数值优化设计的高效数值模拟方法和程序。在不改变定常流动解的前提下,对 Navier-Stokes 方程的时间导数项实施 Choi-Merkle 矩阵预处理,从而改善可压缩控制方程在低速情况下的系统刚性。Choi-Merkle 预处理最初用于二维低马赫数粘性流动数值模拟,本文将其推广应用到计算三维流动,并针对提高跨音速流动计算收敛性进行了相应的改进。预处理后控制方程采用中心格式有限体积进行空间离散,Runge-Kutta 混合多步方法进行显式时间推进求解,并应用 FAS 多重网格方法加速收敛。采用所发展的方法和程序数值模拟了绕 M6 机翼和 M100 机翼的低速和跨音速流动(马赫数从0.01 到 0.839)以及绕 F4 翼身组合体流动。计算结果与实验值吻合良好,验证了所发展的方法的正确性。算例研究表明所发展方法较大幅度地提高了三维流动数值模拟的效率,且同时适用于可压和不可压流动计算,在机翼及复杂外形气动优化设计方法具有应用前景     

三维可压和不可压缩流动数值模拟的一种预处理多重网格方法研究(英文)

将矩阵预处理方法与多重网格方法结合,发展了适用于机翼及复杂外形气动数值优化设计的高效数值模拟方法和程序。在不改变定常流动解的前提下,对 Navier-Stokes 方程的时间导数项实施 Choi-Merkle 矩阵预处理,从而改善可压缩控制方程在低速情况下的系统刚性。Choi-Merkle 预处理最初用于二维低马赫数粘性流动数值模拟,本文将其推广应用到计算三维流动,并针对提高跨音速流动计算收敛性进行了相应的改进。预处理后控制方程采用中心格式有限体积进行空间离散,Runge-Kutta 混合多步方法进行显式时间推进求解,并应用 FAS 多重网格方法加速收敛。采用所发展的方法和程序数值模拟了绕 M6 机翼和 M100 机翼的低速和跨音速流动(马赫数从0.01 到 0.839)以及绕 F4 翼身组合体流动。计算结果与实验值吻合良好,验证了所发展的方法的正确性。算例研究表明所发展方法较大幅度地提高了三维流动数值模拟的效率,且同时适用于可压和不可压流动计算,在机翼及复杂外形气动优化设计方法具有应用前景     

三维舵面绕流的N-S方程数值计算研究

通过自动生成复杂构型的非结构混合网格。采用格心格式的有限体积法以适应不同的网格单元，应用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型进行绕三维舵面流动的N-S方程数值模拟，将部分计算铰链力矩结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比分析。说明了计算方法对粘性流动良好的适应性,分析了迎角、马赫数、雷诺数对舵面铰链力矩的影响以及计算方法的可靠性和计算结果的合理性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.