Investigation of straightforward impedance eduction method on single-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners

In order to address the current aircraft noise problem, the knowledge of impedance of acoustic liners subjected to high-intensity sound and grazing flow is of crucial importance to the design of high-efficiency acoustic nacelles. To this end, the present study is twofold. Firstly, the StraightForward impedance eduction Method (SFM) is evaluated by the strategy that the impedance of a liner specimen is firstly experimentally educed on a flow duct using the SFM, and then its accuracy is checked by comparing the numerical prediction with the measured wall sound pressure of the flow duct. Secondly, the effects of grazing flow and high-intensity sound on the impedance behavior of two single-layer liners are investigated based on comparisons between educed impedance and predictions by three impedance models. The performance of the SFM is validated by showing that the educed impedance leads to excellent agreement between the simulation and the measured wall sound pressure for different grazing flow Mach numbers and Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) and over a frequency range from 3000?Hz down to 500?Hz. The grazing flow effect generally has the tendency that the acoustic resistance exhibits a slight decrease before it increases linearly with an increase in Mach, predicted successfully by the sound-vortex interaction theoretical model and the Kooi semi-empirical impedance model. However, the Goodrich semi-empirical impedance model gives only a simple linear relation of acoustic resistance starting from Mach zero. Additionally, when the SPL increases from 110 to 140?dB in the present investigation, the acoustic resistance exhibits a significant increase at all frequencies in the absence of flow; however, the resistance decreases slightly under a grazing flow of Mach 0.117. It indicates that the SPL effect can be greatly inhibited when flow is present, and the grazing flow effect can be reduced partly as well at a relatively high SPL.     

Parameter extraction for the extended cantilever model of magneticcomponent windings

The extended cantilever model (ECM) for transformer or inductor windings is convenient from the parameter extraction standpoint since, theoretically, each model parameter can be extracted from a single measurement of an open-circuit voltage or a short-circuit current. The impedance of the sensor used to measure a short-circuit current, however, makes the “short” less ideal, and it has been believed that each parameter in the ECM cannot be directly measured unless the impedance of the current sensor is negligible. It is shown that as long as the ECM parameters are reactive (inductive or capacitive) and the current sensor resistive, the current-sense resistance does not have to be restrictively small for the ECM parameters to be directly measurable. A linear, broadband formulation is also presented for extraction of the model admittances using current sensors with significant impedances     

Tests on a 3 GHz ground plane Yagi

Classical dimensioning of a ground plane Yagi antenna for 3 GHz leads to a gain which is 2-3 dB less than predicted, but this can be overcome to some extent by additional directors. The impedance matching strongly depends on the size of the reflector, which should be by a factor of 1.2 longer than given by classical theory. The shape and size of the ground plane itself can be varied considerably with little or no effect on either the radiation pattern or the impedance characteristics but, on the other hand, inaccurate mutual positioning of the individual elements has a drastic influence. Material conductivity is not of prime concern     

用EIS法研究丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的光老化性能

 用交流阻抗图谱法(EIS)研究了丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的紫外光老化过程。老化前后涂层的孔隙率电阻、涂层电容、极化电阻以及双电子层电容均发生了明显变化。涂层孔隙率从1.986×10^-5上升到2.174×10^-4,半定量化地表征了涂层的老化规律。SEM分析验证了涂层孔隙率的变化,涂层失光率、色差变化规律跟孔隙率的变化规律有很好的相关性。研究结果证明,涂层的孔隙率可以作为一个重要参数用来检测及预测涂层的老化规律。最后,根据EDS的检测结果对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的老化机理进行了探讨。     

ILS glidescope evaluation of imperfect terrain

Instrument landing systems (ILS) are normally designed assuming the site around them to be flat. Uneven terrain results in undulations in the glidescope. In recent years, models have been evolved for predicting such aberrations as a simpler alternative to experimental methods. Such modeling normally assumes the ground to be fully conducting. A method is presented for considering imperfect terrain conductivity within the framework of the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). A single impedance wedge formulation is developed to a form that resembles the standard form of UTD, with only one extra term in the diffraction coefficient. This extends the applicability of the standard UTD formulation and software packages to the case of the imperfectly conducting terrain. The method has been applied to a real airport site in India and improved agreement with measured glidescope parameters is demonstrated     

Experimental Investigation of InSight HP<Superscript>3</Superscript> Mole Interaction with Martian Regolith Simulant

The InSight mission launches in 2018 to characterize several geophysical quantities on Mars, including the heat flow from the planetary interior. This quantity will be calculated by utilizing measurements of the thermal conductivity and the thermal gradient down to 5 meters below the Martian surface. One of the components of InSight is the Mole, which hammers into the Martian regolith to facilitate these thermal property measurements. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the effect of the Mole’s penetrating action on regolith compaction and mechanical properties. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments were run with a 2D model of the 3D cylindrical mole. Force resistance data was captured with load cells. Deformation information was captured in images and analyzed using Digitial Image Correlation (DIC). Additionally, we used existing approximations of Martian regolith thermal conductivity to estimate the change in the surrounding granular material’s thermal conductivity due to the Mole’s penetration. We found that the Mole has the potential to cause a high degree of densification, especially if the initial granular material is relatively loose. The effect on the thermal conductivity from this densification was found to be relatively small in first-order calculations though more complete thermal models incorporating this densification should be a subject of further investigation. The results obtained provide an initial estimate of the Mole’s impact on Martian regolith thermal properties.     

基于深度学习驱动的L型定向热疏导机理

碳/碳（C/C）复合材料具有热导率大、比强度高、耐烧蚀和耐冲刷等优异特性,被广泛应用于飞行器的热防护系统中,其有效导热系数对于实际应用而言是重要的热物理性质,尽管可以通过有效介质理论、对热扩散方程直接求解和玻尔兹曼输运方程等传统方法计算C/C复合材料有效导热系数,但这些数值方法通常十分耗时。本文引入深度学习方法,将格子玻尔兹曼（LBM）的三维格子模型作为三维卷积神经网络（3D-CNN）微观结构,不仅解决了三维微观结构模型难以捕获的问题,还便于实现数值计算模型和CNN模型的同步简化,利用3D-CNN快速精准地预测三维三相C/C复合结构的有效导热系数,基于此对内置L型高导热碳纤维丝的定向热疏C/C复合结构的有效导热系数进行快速预测和研究。研究表明,CNN模型在LBM传热计算上表现出强大的学习能力,但在测试样本结构孔隙率过分超出训练集时预测误差将大幅增加,且当孔隙率变化范围从30%~35%变化到55%~60%时,CNN模型"内插"预测的相对误差较模型"外推"降低了0.93%~30.72%。在C/C复合结构中内置L型高导热碳纤维丝可以将高温区域的热量沿纤维方向定向疏导至低温区域。     

Self-Adapting dc Converter for Solar Spacecraft Power Supply Selbstanpassender Gleichstromwandler für die Energieversorgung eines Sonnensatelliten

The voltage-current characteristic of solar cells that provide power for a spacecraft can vary over a wide range. For maximum power transfer from the solar cells to the battery system a power converter has to be designed that adjusts its input impedance to a value equal to the output impedance determined by the operating power characteristic of the solar cells. This paper discusses a circuit and calculations for a design to match this condition. The proposed power converter is simple, lightweight, and reliable and will be used in the Sunblazer satellite.     

带有损耗的高阻表面的反射特性

研究了带有损耗的高阻表面,使用HFSS电磁仿真软件仿真分析了电阻加载和有限电导率贴片高阻表面的反射特性,并对带有损耗的普通方形贴片与齿化贴片高阻抗表面的吸波效果进行了对比.仿真结果表明通过加载电阻或采用有限电导率贴片均可以在一定的频率范围内降低高阻表面的反射系数,采用齿化结构可以扩展有损耗的高阻表面的吸波带宽.     

用于阻抗变换层的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷制备及其微波介电特性

 采用热压和凝浇注无压烧结的方法制备了Li₂O-Al₂O3-SiO₂ 玻璃陶瓷阻抗变换层,研究表明烧结的工艺方法和参数对该玻璃陶瓷的致密度和复介电常数有很大的影响。在较高烧结温度和压力下,该玻璃陶瓷的复介电常数保持不变。降低烧结温度和压力时,能够得到一系列复介电常数在较小范围内变化的Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ 玻璃陶瓷,但复介电常数不随频率发生变化。将该玻璃陶瓷作为吸波材料的阻抗变换层后,大幅度提高了材料的吸波性能,而且其制备工艺对吸波性能也有一定的影响,可以通过改变该玻璃陶瓷的烧结条件来满足不同吸波材料设计对阻抗匹配层的多种要求。     

溶剂对RTM石英／酚醛复合材料溶液浸润过程影响研究

研究了不同溶剂对于RTM石英/酚醛复合材料溶液浸润过程的影响.采用X光电子能谱(XPS)和原位电子顺磁共振(EPR)研究了石英纤维表面硅烷偶联剂和不同酚醛树脂溶液组分间的界面化学反应.采用TGA和层间剪切强度(ILSS)测试方法研究了溶剂对酚醛树脂分布和材料界面结合强度的影响.结果表明,溶剂能够与酚醛树脂在石英纤维表面形成竞争性吸附,从而影响树脂在RTM模具内部不同位置的分布和复合材料的力学性能.随着溶剂形成氢键能力的增强,其影响程度依次为四氢呋喃＜丙酮＜乙醇.     

稀土对热浸镀铝钢Al_2O_3／渗铝层界面空洞生长的影响

通过高温氧化试验以及测量空洞平均直径和形核数量随氧化时间的变化,研究稀土对Al2O3/渗铝层界面空洞生长和抗高温氧化性能的影响,并与渗纯铝试样进行比较.结果表明,渗铝稀土试样空洞平均直径的增长速率仅是渗纯铝试样的1/2,空洞平均深度随平均直径的增长速率仅是渗纯铝试样的3/5,单位面积上的空洞数量少于渗纯铝试样.稀土可抑制界面空洞的形核和生长,阻止空洞向渗铝层纵深扩展,提高渗铝钢的抗高温氧化性能.探讨了稀土抑制空洞形核和生长的机理.     

Effect of Sampling Time Jitter on Array Performance

The effect on array SNR of errors in sampling times (jitter) isan analyzed for the "Bryn processor." Jitter is modeled as a discrete-paramter er random process, and expressions for array SNR are determined as a function of signal and noise spectra and jitter characteristics. For a plane wave signal, it is found that jitter in the data used to design the processor has no effect on output SNR if the noise is independent between channels. However, jitter in the input (evaluation) n) data can cause a substantial loss in peak array SNR and in the array's frequency selectivity. These losses can be expected to increase as the high-frequency content of the data increases. The Bryn processor also loses its interpretation as a likelihood ratio processor in the presence of jitter. The effect of jitter can be reduced in many cases by increasing the sampling rate.     

碳纤维复合材料电导率改性与抗雷击性能

传统碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)中的树脂基体电阻率大,在强电流下会产生大量阻性热从而造成损伤,增强其电导率能够有效提高CFRP的雷击防护性能。在树脂基体中添加银粉颗粒进行电导率改性,通过有限元仿真分析银粉含量对雷击防护性能影响,确定CFRP基体中的最佳银粉含量为38%。沿厚度方向电导率的改性效果最佳,提高了217.3倍。使用不同峰值的D波形雷电流对改性CFRP层压板进行模拟雷击实验,并对未改性以及表面铺设铜网的层压板进行相同能级的对照实验,通过目视损伤观察和透视超声扫描比较损伤特征和损伤面积,评估基体改性CFRP的抗雷击性能。结果表明:基体改性可以阻碍表面铺层被击穿,降低纤维断裂翘曲以及分层损伤;峰值电流20 kA、40 kA和60 kA下,铜网防护能使雷击透视损伤面积分别下降100%、86.61%和37.46%,基体改性整体防护能使雷击透视损伤面积分别下降84.02%、81.03%和40.91%。     

LC9专用挤压型材应用过时效试验

试验并分析了ＬＣ９合金专用挤压型材淬火并人工时效和淬火并人工过时效状态对其电导率、常规力学性能、抗疲劳性能、抗腐蚀性能的影响。另外,在减少淬变形上也做了一些试验。试验结果表明,ＬＣ９合金在过时效状态下有较好的抗腐蚀性能和抗疲劳性能。淬火变形也大大减小。     

老化时间对涂层性能的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了含有锌铬黄防锈颜料的环氧酯漆涂层的耐蚀性能。研究发现,当老化时间为4周时,涂层的耐蚀性能最佳,时间过长或过短都使得涂层性能下降。并且EIS技术可以用来研究涂层的老化。     

MODAL PARAMETERS EXTRACTION WITH CROSS CORRELATION FUNCTION AND CROSS POWER SPECTRUM UNDER UNKNOWN EXCITATION

Artificial excitation is the most employedtype,but it is not suitable for some large- scalestructures such as platforms,bridges and build-ings,because a sufficient amount of excitation en-ergy can be needed to vibrate these structures,andthat impliesthe dangerofdamaging them locally orglobally.So natural excitation ( such as wind,wave,and traffic excitation) can be used in thesecases.However,a measure of the input force be-ing applied to the systems is not available and onlythe response can be…     

弱界面粘结对复合材料有效性能的影响

采用非线性弹簧元模拟界面,用细观力学有限元法计算分析了不同界面特性下弱界面粘结的纤维增强金属基复合材料的宏细观性能。并考虑了3种不同的界面模型。结果表明弱界面粘结的存在使复合材料宏观性能下降。在常响应界面情况下,复合材料横向拉伸应力-应变曲线存在明显的转折点,对应于界面分离的起始点,转折点的位置取决于界面粘结强度。当存在渐进适应界面时,复合材料横向拉伸应力-应变曲线存在3个阶段。      

A new power collection architecture for future spacecraft

The generalized tree-like transmission line network system having n layers in total with m-to-1 branch connection at each joint (T-TLNS-n-m) is proposed to replace the traditional series-parallel combined dc networks to automatically accumulate identically distributed power cells into the large amount of useful power for the spacecrafts. The proposed system has the attractive features of simple structure, easy construction and maintenance, and low cost, because two kinds of parts, ac current sources and m-to-1 transmission line (TL) branch connection parts, are used in the whole system. A method of implementing ac current cells having high output impedance is proposed to improve the power collection efficiency of the whole network system. Simulated results show that that low-pass nominal /spl pi/- or T-circuit with high characteristic impedance, which is used for the voltage source to current source converter in the current cell, improves the efficiency of the voltage inverter, filters out the harmonics, and increases the output impedance of the whole current cell.     

口径耦合微带天线互耦时域有限差分法分析

在阵列天线中,互耦是阵列性能下降的一个重要因素,对互耦进行正确的评估、计算,有助于深入了解阵列特性并指导设计工作.采用时域有限差分法计算了口径耦合微带天线互耦系数,天线建模中引入非均匀网格和电阻性电压源,微带线与馈源用阶梯过渡来连接,在保证计算精度的前提下,计算空间和计算机时间大大减少,计算结果与矩量法及测量结果基本一致.