基于SMDO的滑模控制器设计及其在导弹上的应用

提出了一种基于滑模干扰观测器(SMDO)的滑模控制器(SMC)设计方法.针对一类级联多输入多输出(MI-MO)非线性系统,根据奇异摄动原理将其分为内、外回路分别进行控制器设计.以外回路为例,分析了传统基于饱和函数的滑模控制的鲁棒性,针对其在面I临干扰时鲁棒性较差的问题,在名义滑模控制律的基础上设计了基于超扭曲算法的SM...     

基于在线滚动LS-SVR的涡轴发动机混合预测控制

提出了一种串级PID+非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)的混合控制方案,用于涡轴发动机控制系统中。其中:主控制回路采用串级PID控制器以消除静差保证系统稳定;带约束优化的预测控制器则用于实时燃油补偿,以增强发动机系统对直升机功率需求的快速跟随能力。该预测控制器是基于在线预测模型实现,首先在VC环境下设计在线滚动最小二乘支持向量回归机(OSLS-SVR),在线训练高精度、实时性好的内嵌式预测模型,其测试精度可达3‰;而后利用该模型与序列二次规划(SQP)算法完成滚动优化,建立预测控制器;最后,在UH-60A直升机/T700涡轴发动机综合模型仿真环境下,通过模拟直升机大幅急速升降操作,验证了该混合预测控制方案对大扰动具有较强的抑制能力及鲁棒性,从而使直升机获得更好的机动性能。     

不确定航空发动机分布式控制系统自适应滑模控制

针对存在参数摄动、外部干扰的航空发动机不确定性分布式控制系统,在系统具有时变输入时延和干扰上界未知的情况下,设计了具有鲁棒性能的自适应滑模控制器。基于预测控制和矩阵奇异值理论,对初始的发动机离散分布式模型进行等效线性变换,得到不显含时延项的规范形系统模型,便于进行滑模面参数的求解;在给定的H∞指标下,推导了滑模运动在非匹配不确定性作用下渐进稳定的充分条件,给出了线性矩阵不等式(LMI)形式的滑模面参数设计方法;最后,设计对干扰具有估计功能的自适应率,在此基础上提出自适应滑模控制器。仿真结果表明:所设计的控制器能够有效降低外部干扰对系统动态性能的影响,在所考虑的不确定性因素作用下,系统的滑模运动具有理想的H∞性能。当外部干扰强度变化时,控制器的鲁棒性较好,状态收敛时间小于0.8s,且不存在抖振。      

考虑输入饱和的固定翼无人机自适应增益滑模控制

针对复杂环境下的固定翼无人机飞行控制问题，考虑输入饱和以及复杂外界干扰的影响，提出一种基于自适应滑模控制方法的固定翼无人机飞行控制策略。首先，对固定翼无人机模型进行介绍，将模型分为姿态子系统和速度子系统；其次，针对姿态子系统和速度子系统的特点以及控制需求，分别采用自适应多变量螺旋滑模和自适应快速超螺旋滑模设计姿态控制器和速度控制器，该策略无需设计干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计，仍然可以实现固定翼无人机对姿态参考指令和速度参考指令的有限时间精确跟踪，并基于Lyapunov的稳定性分析方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后，对本文所提出的控制策略进行了仿真验证，结果表明该控制策略具有良好的控制性能。     

Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft

Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions. Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed. To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.     

Adaptive Integral-type Sliding Mode Control for Spacecraft Attitude Maneuvering Under Actuator Stuck Failures

A fault tolerant control (FTC) design technique against actuator stuck faults is investigated using integral-type sliding mode control (ISMC) with application to spacecraft attitude maneuvering control system. The principle of the proposed FTC scheme is to design an integral-type sliding mode attitude controller using on-line parameter adaptive updating law to compensate for the effects of stuck actuators. This adaptive law also provides both the estimates of the system parameters and external disturbances such that a prior knowledge of the spacecraft inertia or boundedness of disturbances is not required. Moreover, by including the integral feedback term, the designed controller can not only tolerate actuator stuck faults, but also compensate the disturbances with constant components. For the synthesis of controller, the fault time, patterns and values are unknown in advance, as motivated from a practical spacecraft control application. Complete stability and performance analysis are presented and illustrative simulation results of application to a spacecraft show that high precise attitude control with zero steady-error is successfully achieved using various scenarios of stuck failures in actuators.     

一种两自由度飞行机械臂系统的设计与实现

提出了一种基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法的飞行机械臂系统模型,在机械臂缓慢运动的合理假设下,模型不仅能有效描述实际系统,同时模型表达得到了精简。在此基础上进行控制器设计,首先使用输出变换将系统反馈线性化,并将内外环动态分离,基于此分别设计外环滑模控制器和内环比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器。该控制器在仿真实验中能有效抑制机械臂带来的扰动且镇定和轨迹跟踪性能明显优于经典的串级比例-积分-微分控制器。结果表明本文提出的建模和控制方法能够有效补偿机械臂的已建模扰动,并能充分抑制机械臂摆动产生的未建模扰动,且控制器计算复杂度适中,能够满足实际应用需求。     

柔性航天器振动主动抑制及姿态控制

针对柔性航天器柔性附件振动主动抑制及姿态高精度快速稳定问题,研究了一种输入成形器（IS）-自适应有限时间干扰观测器（FDO）-有限时间积分滑模控制器综合的设计方法。首先,基于柔性模态的频率及阻尼信息,获得能够有效抑制柔性振动的输入成形器形式,并与系统参考输入进行卷积,得到期望参考输入;其次,基于航天器动力学模型,设计一种新型的自适应有限时间干扰观测器,避免了综合干扰上界必须已知的约束,且保证干扰估计误差有限时间收敛至零,实现对干扰及残余振动影响的快速精确估计;最后,基于观测器的估计值,设计多变量有限时间积分滑模控制器,保证对期望参考输入的高精度快速跟踪控制,并进行严格的稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,该综合设计策略能够保证柔性附件振动抑制75%,姿态稳定度达到10^-4数量级。     

相对失控翻滚目标悬停的自适应模糊滑模控制

研究了含有系统不确定性和外部干扰的追踪器相对失控翻滚目标悬停的六自由度耦合控制问题。首先,在追踪器本体坐标系中建立了非线性的六自由度耦合的一体化动力学模型,将悬停控制问题转化为相对位置和相对姿态控制问题。再基于模糊逼近原理设计了一种自适应的模糊滑模控制器,该控制器能够有效克服系统的模型不确定性和外部干扰的影响,并能消除传统的抖振问题。由Lyapunov方法导出了模糊自适应律并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。数值仿真验证了所提的自适应模糊滑模控制器的有效性。     

Twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude and position

A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器鲁棒非奇异Terminal滑模反步控制

针对含有参数摄动、外界干扰的吸气式高超声速飞行器弹性模型,设计了一种基于新型非线性干扰观测器的Terminal滑模反步控制器。将考虑弹性模态的飞行器纵向模型表示为严格反馈形式,在传统反步法的基础上采用非奇异快速Terminal滑模控制俯仰角与俯仰角速率,优化了反步法的控制结构,并实现了系统的有限时间收敛。基于跟踪微分器设计了一种新型非线性干扰观测器,并与本文所提滑模反步方法相结合,通过对包括虚拟控制量微分信号在内的不确定性进行估计与补偿,进一步提高了控制器的鲁棒性,同时解决了"微分膨胀"问题。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的跟踪误差于有限时间收敛至零。仿真结果表明,该控制器在存在不确定性的情况下,可以实现对参考输入的稳定跟踪。     

Fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile

This paper addresses the fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile associated with large speed ranges, mismatched disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. Firstly, a sliding mode surface is developed by the tracking error of the state equation and the model reference state equation with respect to the air-to-ground missile. More specifically,a novel fixed-time adaptive reaching law is presented. Subsequently, the mismatched disturbances and the un-modeled dynamics are treated as the model errors of the state equation. These model errors are estimated by means of a fixed-time disturbance observer, and they are also utilized to compensate the proposed controller. Therefore, the fixed-time controller is obtained by an adaptive reaching law and a fixed-time disturbance observer. Closed-loop stability of the proposed controller is established. Finally, simulation results including Monte Carlo simulations, nonlinear six-DegreeOf-Freedom(6-DOF) simulations and different ranges are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.     

质量矩固体推进微纳卫星自适应反演控制律设计

为解决微纳卫星利用固体火箭推进器进行快速轨道机动时的姿态翻滚问题,提出了利用质量矩技术对卫星的俯仰、偏航通道姿态进行稳定控制。首先考虑推进剂燃烧、质量块运动等因素引起的系统质量特性参数的变化,建立质量矩固体推进微纳卫星姿态动力学模型;然后分析了推进剂燃烧、质量矩控制引入的系统模型参数不确定性、连续有界未知干扰;随后基于反演控制方法,设计了卫星姿态角和姿态角速度双回路自适应滑模动态面控制器,利用自适应算法调节控制参数估计来补偿不确定因素的影响;基于Lyapunov函数证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后,通过数值仿真验证了控制算法的有效性。     

对失控航天器在轨服务的自适应滑模控制器设计

为实现对自由翻滚的失控目标航天器进行在轨服务,基于二阶滑模控制算法设计了相对位置与姿态耦合的自适应控制器。考虑相对转动对相对平动的耦合作用,建立了两航天器对接端口间相对位置与姿态耦合的动力学模型,并在此基础上设计了自适应Super twisting控制器,以减弱已知界限的有界干扰所产生的震颤效应,使闭环系统在有限时间内收敛到平衡点。利用李雅普诺夫方法证明了有界干扰下的闭环系统稳定性,并对收敛时间的上界进行了估计。仿真结果表明,与Super twisting算法相比,所设计的自适应二阶滑模控制器对参数不确定性及线性增长有界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,且控制精度满足在轨服务的任务需求。     

Composite anti-disturbance position and attitude control for spacecrafts with parametric uncertainty and flexible vibration

The rendezvous and proximity operations with respect to a tumbling non-cooperative target pose high requirement for the position and attitude control accuracy of servicing spacecraft.However, multiple disturbances including parametric uncertainties, flexible vibration, and unknown nonlinear dynamics degrade the control performance significantly. In order to enhance the system anti-disturbance ability, this paper proposes a composite anti-disturbance control law for the spacecraft position and at...     

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛控制方案。通过引入能够避免奇异点的具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束的有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制器,并利用参数自适应方法使控制器设计不依赖于系统惯量信息和外部干扰的上界。此外,所设计的控制器显式考虑了执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值特性,使航天器在饱和幅值的限制下完成姿态跟踪控制任务,并且无须进行在线故障估计。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明：在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障等约束条件下,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对控制器饱和与执行器故障具有良好的容错性能。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能。     

Observer-based adaptive sliding mode backstepping output-feedback DSC for spin-stabilized canard-controlled projectiles

This article presents a complete nonlinear controller design for a class of spin-stabilized canard-controlled projectiles.Uniformly ultimate boundedness and tracking are achieved,exploiting a heavily coupled,bounded uncertain and highly nonlinear model of longitudinal and lateral dynamics.In order to estimate unmeasurable states,an observer is proposed for an augmented multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) nonlinear system with an adaptive sliding mode term against the disturbances.Under the frame of a backstepping design,an adaptive sliding mode output-feedback dynamic surface control(DSC) approach is derived recursively by virtue of the estimated states.The DSC technique is adopted to overcome the problem of ‘‘explosion of complexity" and relieve the stress of the guidance loop.It is proven that all signals of the MIMO closed-loop system,including the observer and controller,are uniformly ultimately bounded,and the tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin.Simulation results for the observer and controller are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制

针对涡扇发动机内部状态大范围变化条件下,单点线性控制器控制效果不佳而线性变参数控制器求解困难的问题,提出了一种基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模变结构控制。首先,采用多入多出平衡流形展开模型辨识技术,获得仿射型的涡扇发动机数学模型。随后,利用反馈线性化将平衡流形展开模型解耦,经过坐标变换获得可用于控制系统设计的线性结果,考虑了具有误差项和饱和函数的指数趋近滑模控制律来提高控制系统的鲁棒性,完成了基于平衡流形展开模型的多变量涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制器设计。最后,在非线性部件级模型上开展了控制器验证。在平衡流形展开模型设计工况,增益控制和滑模控制的控制效果表明,基于平衡流形展开模型的反馈线性化方法能够获得涡扇发动机良好的控制效果。同时,在平衡流形展开模型稳定但精度无法保证的非设计飞行工况,反馈线性化滑模控制器能够进一步抑制不确定性的影响,保证转子转速和发动机压比的跟踪控制效果。     

基于改进型趋近律与负载观测器的永磁同步电机滑模速度控制器设计

为了提高三相永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统的动态品质,改善传统滑模速度控制器的控制性能,抑制系统抖振,提高控制精度,设计了基于新型趋近律与负载观测器的改进型滑模速度控制器。利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件,搭建控制系统模型并进行仿真分析。仿真验证了所设计的改进型PMSM速度控制器的有效性。该控制器可获得较好的速度跟踪精度和抗负载扰动能力,提高系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

攻击角约束的拦截弹制导控制一体化设计

针对拦截弹的攻击角约束制导问题,提出了一种基于反演滑模和扩张状态观测器(ESO)的制导控制一体化(IGC)设计方法。首先,基于弹目相对运动方程和拦截弹的非线性动力学方程,建立了拦截弹IGC模型,设计了ESO估计目标加速度和自动驾驶仪回路的干扰;在此基础上,基于干扰估计值和反演滑模方法,设计了IGC算法获取虚拟控制力矩,同时基于李雅普诺夫理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性;然后,利用动态控制分配技术将所获取的期望控制力矩分配到实际执行机构;最后,通过仿真结果验证了所设计的IGC+ESO算法的有效性。