随机型多目标决策的新方法

设计了一种多目标随机型决策分析新方法——交互式参考目标满足度与可行度法(IRGSD-FD),讨论了随机型决策分析的希望水平原则、解及替代模型的定义和确定性等价等问题,并对IRGSD-FD的应用结果进行了讨论。     

无人战斗机述论

2 推动无人战斗机发展的背景与原由(略)3无人战斗机的战术技术要求与作战特点3.1 对无人战斗机特殊的战术技术要求 据悉1997年初,在美国的中国湖城,美军方召集200多名专家历时多日专题研讨UCAV的战术技术要求问题,研究报告未见发表,但近些年文刊上也陆续有这方面的讨论(主要是针对对地攻击型UCAV的战技要求),其要点归纳如下:     

On Increasing Usable MTI Filter Bandwidth by Removing Linear-Phase Constraint

It has been shown in the literature that the linear-phase constraint of finite-duration impulse-response (FIR) digital filters can, under certain circumstances, be effectively traded either for a better filter amplitude response or a reduction in the number of filter coeficients. It is shown that such a tradeoff can be exploited for moving target indicator (MTI) radar signal processors to increase the usable bandwidth for target detection. Although it is demonstrated that the increase is significant for narrowband (ground) clutter, it is negligible for wideband (weather) clutter.     

DOA estimation under unknown mutual coupling and multipath

We propose a new method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of multipath propagation and mutual coupling for a frequency hopping (FH) system. With the use of pilot symbols and assuming perfect time-frequency synchronization for a linear array, we take mutual coupling and multipath propagation into account, and derive a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for both the mutual coupling matrix and DOA estimation. We then formulate an iterative alternating minimization (AM) algorithm for finding the mutual coupling and DOA parameters in an alternate manner. Simulation results illustrating the performance of the algorithm and comparison with the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) are also presented.     

Resource Management Coordination with Level 2/3 Fusion Issues and Challenges [Panel Report]

Information fusion system designs require sensor and resource management (SM) for effective and efficient data collection, processing, and dissemination. Common Level 4 fusion sensor management (or process refinement) inter-relations with target tracking and identification (Level 1 fusion) have been detailed in the literature. At the ISIF Fusion Conference, a panel discussion was held to examine the contemporary issues and challenges pertaining to the interaction between SM and situation and threat assessment (Level 2/3 fusion). This summarizes the key tenants of the invited panel experts. The common themes were: (1) Addressing the user in system control, (2) Determining a standard set of metrics, (3) Evaluating fusion systems to deliver timely information needs, (4) Dynamic updating for planning mission time-horizons, (5) Joint optimization of objective functions at all levels, (6) L2/3 situation entity definitions for knowledge discovery, modeling, and information projection, and (7) Addressing constraints for resource planning and scheduling.     

Sm(CobalFe0.1Cu0.1Zr0.04)z(z=6.5~7.5)磁体的高温磁性能

 在大功率航空发电机等领域,迫切需要研制使用温度超过450 ℃的高温永磁材料。然而,NdFeB永磁材料使用温度低于80 ℃,耐高温NdFeB永磁材料的使用温度也低于150 ℃;商业2∶17型Sm₂Co₁₇永磁体使用温度范围低于300 ℃。近年来,研制使用温度超过450 ℃的高温永磁材料成为该领域研究的热点问题。本文用粉末冶金的方法,制备了不同z值的Sm(Co_balFe_0.1Cu_0.1Zr_0.04)_z(z=6.5~7.5)合金样品。系统研究了z值对合金结构、磁性能的影响规律。室温下z=7.3的合金矫顽力最大,超过2 400 kA/m;773 K时,z=7.1的合金矫顽力最大,达到640 kA/m。高温条件下合金的磁性能和退磁曲线的方形度降低。合金z值对内禀矫顽力温度系数影响显著,其中z=6.9的合金,内禀矫顽力温度系数最低,仅为-0.052%/℃,z≤6.7或z≥7.1时,均导致内禀矫顽力温度系数增大。     

几种特种测试技术在流体机械内流场测试中的应用

介绍了现代流动测试技术的特点、发展趋势及本课题组在流体动力设备研发方面的应用研究工作。主要工作有：热线风速仪技术(HWA)用于离心压缩机扩压器流场测试研究、用于湍流边界层的减阻控制研究；粒子图像速度场仪技术(PIV)用于叶轮机械动静相干非定常流场的研究、用于管道内横向射流的研究；激光多普勒测速仪技术(LDV)用于风机叶轮流场的测试研究等。     

Receiver operating characteristics for the coherent UWB randomnoise radar

An ultrawideband (UWB) random-noise radar operating in the 1-2 GHz frequency band has been developed and held-tested at a 200 m range at the University of Nebraska. A unique heterodyne correlation technique based on a delayed transmitted waveform using a photonic delay line has been used to inject coherence within this system. The performance of this radar, assuming a point target, has been investigated from a statistical point of view by developing the theoretical basis for the system's receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Explicit analytical expressions for the joint probability density function (pdf) of the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the receiver output have been derived under the assumption that the input signals are partially correlated Gaussian processes. The pdf and the complementary cumulative distribution function (cdf) for the envelope of the receiver output are also derived. These expressions are used to relate the probability of detection (P_d) to the probability of false alarm (P_f ) for different numbers of integrated samples, and the results are analyzed     

高超声速湍流高效模拟算法

采用了直接过滤的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程组对高速可压缩湍流进行研究。针对高超声速湍流的非线性流动特性,对N-S方程直接过滤推导了大尺度湍流流场的控制方程,更精确地反映高速湍流的可压缩性,建立了可压缩湍流的大涡模拟TDM模型。使用传统的Smagorinsky模型的非线性推广,采用基于非Favre过滤的超声速可压缩湍流的大涡模拟模型,应用Caylay-Hamilton定理,建立可压缩湍流大涡模拟的非线性亚格子模型,并发展为动力学模式,模型中的两个常数通过当地流场动态的确定,消除了可调经验常数的影响。针对构造的高超声速湍流大涡模型开发相应的高效并行算法。     

基于气动热力模型的FADEC系统FHA方法

从适航规章对全权限数字发动机控制(full authority digital engine control,简称FADEC)系统的安全要求出发,结合功能危险分析(functional hazard assessment,简称FHA)的一般原则和FADEC系统的特点,得到了FADEC系统FHA的分析要素.根据分析要素中的工具与数据需求,将航空发动机气动热力模型用于可调放气活门(variable bleed valve,简称VBV)控制功能失效危险分析,结果表明:①该模型能够辅助确定FADEC系统功能失效的发动机影响;②FADEC系统功能危险的模型分析方法通过定量分析确定发动机影响的危险等级,为FHA提供直观的参考依据,可作为对专家经验的补充.      

Simulation Environment for Machine Vision Based Aerial Refueling for UAVs

The design of a simulation environment is described for a machine vision (MV)-based approach for the problem of aerial refueling (AR) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using the USAF refueling method. MV-based algorithms are implemented within the proposed scheme to detect the relative position and orientation between the UAV and the tanker. Within this effort, techniques and algorithms for the visualization the tanker aircraft in a virtual reality (VR) setting, for the acquisition of the tanker image, for the feature extraction (FE) from the acquired image, for the feature matching (FM) of the features, for the tanker-UAV pose estimation (PE) have been developed and extensively tested in closed-loop simulations. Detailed mathematical models of the tanker and UAV dynamics, refueling boom, turbulence, wind gusts, and tanker's wake effects, along with the UAV docking control laws have been implemented within the simulation environment. This paper also presents the results of a study relative to the use of passive markers versus feature extraction for the problem of estimating in real time the UAV-tanker relative position and orientation vectors.     

Polar format algorithm for bistatic SAR

Matched filtering (MF) of phase history data is a mathematically ideal but computationally expensive approach to bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation. Fast backprojection algorithms (BPAs) for image formation have recently been shown to give improved O(N/sup 2/ log/sub 2/N) performance. An O(N/sup 2/ log/sub 2/N) bistatic polar format algorithm (PFA) based on a bistatic far-field assumption is derived. This algorithm is a generalization of the popular PFA for monostatic SAR image formation and is highly amenable to implementation with existing monostatic image formation processors. Limits on the size of an imaged scene, analogous to those in monostatic systems, are derived for the bistatic PFA.     

Performance of 10- and 20-target MSE classifiers

MIT Lincoln Laboratory is responsible for developing the ATR (automatic target recognition) system for the DARPA-sponsored SAIP program; the baseline ATR system recognizes 10 GOB (ground order of battle) targets; the enhanced version of SAIP requires the ATR system to recognize 20 GOB targets. This paper presents ATR performance results for 10- and 20-target mean square error (MSE) classifiers using high-resolution SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imagery.     

Moving scanning emitter tracking by a single observer using time of interception: Observability analysis and algorithm

The target motion analysis (TMA) for a moving scanning emitter with known fixed scan rate by a single observer using the time of interception (TOI) measurements only is investigated in this paper.By transforming the TOI of multiple scan cycles into the direction difference of arrival (DDOA) model,the observability analysis for the TMA problem is performed.Some necessary conditions for uniquely identifying the scanning emitter trajectory are obtained.This paper also proposes a weighted instrumental variable (WIV) estimator for the scanning emitter TMA,which does not require any initial solution guess and is closed-form and computationally attractive.More importantly,simulations show that the proposed algorithm can provide estimation mean square error close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) at moderate noise levels with significantly lower estimation bias than the conventional pseudo-linear least square (PLS) estimator.     

Enhanced baseline determination for formation flying LEOs by relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations

Formation flying Low Earth Orbiters(LEOs) are important for implementing new and advanced concepts in Earth observation missions. Precise Baseline Determination(PBD) is a prerequisite for LEOs to complete specified mission targets. PBD is usually performed based on space-borne GNSS data, the relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations play crucial roles in achieving the best relative orbit accuracy. Herein, the influences of antenna Relative Phase Centre Variations(RPCVs) a...     

Gating Functions for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS BOC Signals

A new multipath mitigation technique is proposed for binary offset carrier (BOC) signals in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) using the concept of gating function originally conceived for the GPS coarse-acquisition (C/A) code. Specially-tailored pulses are utilized to diminish the number of false-lock points of the code discriminator response and to improve the multipath mitigation capability. The code loop includes only four real correlators (two extra correlators are required for the simplified bump-jumping algorithm with BOC(n,n) signals). Results obtained with BOC(n,n) and BOC(2n,n) signals show that this technique eliminates the multipath ranging errors for reflected rays with relative delays typically above twenty percent of the spreading code chip duration, thus comparing favorably with the conventional receiver correlation techniques.     

Nonparametric rank detectors under K-distributed clutter in radar applications

This correspondence deals with a comparative analysis of parametric detectors versus rank ones for radar applications, under K-distributed clutter and nonfluctuating and Swerling II target models. We show that the locally optimum detectors (LODs) (optimum for very low signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR)) under K-distributed clutter are not practical detectors; on the contrary, asymptotically optimum detectors (optimum for high SCR) are the practical ones. The performance analysis of the parametric log-detector and the nonparametric (linear rank) detector is carried out for independent and identically distributed (IID) clutter samples, correlated clutter samples, and nonhomogeneous clutter samples. Some results of Monte Carlo simulations for detection probability (P/sub d/) versus SCR are presented in curves for different detector parameter values.     

基于先验门限优化准则的探测阈值自适应选择

针对 2维测量和 4 -sigma确认门 ,把先验检测门限优化准则和修正 Riccati方程的解析近似表示相结合 ,得到了在瑞利起伏环境下使跟踪性能优化的信号探测阈值解析表示式 ,从而使在线求解自适应信号探测阈值能比较容易地实现。通过研究和仿真发现 :在滤波稳定阶段 ,本文给出的自适应信号检测门限方法的跟踪性能优于固定虚警率方法的跟踪性能 ;基于先验检测门限优化准则实现检测 -跟踪的联合优化要求信噪比要大于一定的门限 ,在瑞利起伏环境下 ,对 2维测量和 4 -sigma确认门 ,该门限为 1 .57     

无限板孔边裂纹问题的高精度解析权函数解

用Wu-Carlsson解析权函数法（WFM）求得了无限板孔边径向单裂纹和对称双裂纹的高精度解析权函数（WF）。分别用Shivakumar-Forman和Newman的解及基于复变函数泰勒级数展开的数值权函数WCTSE法结果,通过对相应格林函数（GF）的逐点比较验证了本文解析权函数的精度。该权函数不但精度高,而且作为裂纹长度的连续函数,能够高效准确地求解任意长度（a/R≤2）裂纹在任意复杂载荷作用下的断裂力学关键参量;且孔边单/双裂纹问题的权函数的形式和推导方法完全相同。作为示例,用该解析权函数计算了孔边裂纹在裂纹嘴楔形载荷、裂纹面幂函数,以及圆孔冷挤压残余应力等多种载荷形式下的应力强度因子。     

Extended PGA for range migration algorithms

The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm is extended to work for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) spotlight images processed with range migration (w-k) algorithms. Several pre-processing steps are proposed for aligning the range-compressed phase-history data needed for successful autofocusing of the data. The proposed algorithm gave good results for both data with large point targets and data without point targets.