基于导师科研团队的研究生培养模式探究

本文探讨了基于导师科研团队的研究生培养模式的作用和意义,提出了构建基于导师科研团队的研究生培养模式的主要内容以及关键问题,并对这种培养模式的建立提出了一些想法。     

研究生培养体制对研究生创新能力培养的影响

"大国教育"的中心问题是如何提高人才的质量培养,提高学生的创新能力是人才培养质量的关键。学生创新能力的培养离不开培养环境及培养体制,如何营造一个创新性的教育环境显得至关重要。在创新性教育环境中,学生能够积极主动的提出问题、针对问题可以结组讨论,激发出解决问题的各种创新性思路,形成创新成果,学生从心里会有一种享受成果的喜悦,从而更加坚定自信。一个国家想要发展壮大必然要以创新型高级人才作为支撑,社会的高质量健康发展需要不断地创新性成果,国际化发展趋势也是以创新发展作为首要发展方向。本文试图从"研究生体制培养"的角度出发,重点讨论研究生培养体制与研究生创新能力培养的内在逻辑与机制,试图探索影响研究生创新能力培养的深层次的结构性原因。     

米利耶·休斯-富尔福德

早期经历：16岁上大学：本科毕业后，她开始在美国德克萨斯女子大学读研，其间作为美国国家科学基金会研究生会员（1968和1971年）和美国女子大学协会研究生会员（1971年-1972年）进行等离子体化学的研究。1972年在美国德克萨斯大学担任研究员。1973年在美国旧金山市退伍军人管理局医学中心任化学研究员。     

放飞年轻梦想 积累实战经验——大学生机载实验研究计划

常言道：“读万卷书，不如行万里路”。可见，实践才是最好的学习方式。那么，你热衷于实践研究吗？你想过坐飞机进行实验研究,57今年夏季，来自美国不同大学的32名大学生和研究生参加了一项名为机载实验研究计划（SARP），使他们度过了一个充满激情与挑战，让自己难忘也令旁人羡慕的暑期。     

加强技术创新和产品创新，推动航天卫星通信应用发展

21世纪以来,我国启动并实施了一系列重大航天科技工程,嫦娥一号探月之旅、载人航天突破航天员出舱活动、“北斗”导航系统的二代卫星成功发射、新一代型运载火箭的研制、海南新航天发射场的建设都取得了举世瞩目的成就,对推动中国航天事业在空间领域的发展、提升自主创新能力、促进科学技术进步、增强国家影响力等方面有非常重要的意义。     

罗伯塔·邦德

早期经历：邦德在获选航天员之前已是神经学家和研究员。在加拿大多伦多综合医院的内科医生实习期结束后,她先后完成了多项医学培训：在加拿大西安大略大学的神经学硕士研究生医学培训;在美国波士顿塔夫茨新英格兰医学中心和加拿大多伦多西区医院普莱费尔神经科学研究所的神经眼科医学培训;     

高校教师创新能力培养的问题与对策

论文认为,高等教育的任务是为创新型国家建设和社会发展培养具有创新精神和实际能力的高级专业人才.在完成这项任务的过程中,教师是关键因素;因此,高校必须注重提高教师各方面的素质,特别是培养教师的创新能力.用建设创新型国家所需要的高标准来要求我们的高校教师队伍,仍然有不小差距和不少问题存在.这些问题有严重的危害性,必须下大力气去纠正.高校教师创新能力的培养和提高的对策与途径,可以归纳为几点:(1)采取措施创建学术自由的环境;(2)有计划地培养和提高教师的学术素养;(3)应建立客观公正的学术评价机制;(4)强化高校教师的教学责任;(5)做好教师的个人职业生涯规划;(6)提高教师的社会实践应用能力.     

邦尼·邓巴

早期经历：邓巴1971年从华盛顿大学毕业之后,作为系统分析师在波音计算机服务部工作了2年。1973-1975年,她完成了钠β-氧化铝离子扩散的机械和动力学方面的硕士研究生论文。1975年她应邀作为访问学者在英国牛津哈特韦尔实验室做研究工作。她的工作包括固体基质上的液体粘润性研究。     

工程硕士研究生英语合作教学模式研究

依据合作教学的理论框架,参照服务国家特殊需求工程硕士课程体系要求,本研究以北华航天工业学院为例,建构了全日制工程硕士研究生英语教学TPCC模式。该模式以学生为中心,以教师为主导,强调学生间、师生间和教师间的互动合作,不断优化教学评价体系。通过一学期的教学实验进行探索,同时开展小组座谈收集数据。实证研究结果表明,该模式不仅能提高工程硕士学业成绩,还能促进其在认知、情感和技能等方面实现均衡发展。     

玛丽·韦伯

早期经历：韦伯在美国普渡大学读本科期间在俄亥俄州爱迪生公司、德尔科电子公司和3M公司实习。她在伯克利作博士研究生期间，探讨了硅的气相化学反应的物理性质。1988年起她加入德克萨斯州仪器公司（TI）任材料工程师，从事计算机芯片研究。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。