极区中层惯性重力波VFH雷达观测的统计特征

本文采用ＳＯＵＳＹ ＶＨＦ雷达１９８７年６月２２日至６月２９日在挪威ＡｎｄΦｙａ（６９°Ｎ，１０°Ｅ）的观测数据，研究中层惯性重力波传播的统计特征，２１个周期为数小时的准单色波例子，在垂直方向上有确定的相位移动，表明它们是惯性内重力波，通过分析波相关水平扰动速度的矢端曲线，获得了水平传播矢量的大小和方向的分布，大多数（７６％）波具有西向传播的波矢分量，似乎与中层顶具有强的西向背景风有关；水平传播速     

极区中层惯性重力波VHF雷达观测的统计特征

本文采用ＳＯＵＳＹＶＨＦ雷达１９８７年６月２２日至６月２９日在挪威Ａｎｄφｙａ（６９°Ｎ，１０°Ｅ）的观测数据，研究中层惯性重力波传播的统计特征．２１个周期为数小时的准单色波例子，在垂直方向上有确定的相位移动，表明它们是惯性内重力波．通过分析波相关水平扰动速度的矢端曲线，获得了水平传播矢量的大小和方向的分布，大多数（７６％）波具有西向传播的波矢分量，似乎与中层顶具有强的西向背景风有关；水平传播速度的大小与中层高度上典型的观测值一致．本文分析结果还表明在极区中不仅存在向上的能量传输，也存在强烈的向下的能量传输．     

极区中层惯性重力波临界层的VHF雷达观测

本文采用移动式ＳＯＵＳＹＶＨＦ雷达１９８７年６月在挪威Ａｎｄφｙａ（６９°Ｎ，１０°Ｅ）的观测数据，研究中层惯性重力波在临界层的传播特征．数据分析结果表明，在临界层附近波动会突然衰减，波能量被背景风所吸收，惯性重力波的水平传播方向和垂直传播方向在通过临界层后会迅速发生改变，说明临界层附近会产生向下传播的能量源．并且在临界层，回波强度达到峰值，表明临界层对产生雷达回波起着重要作用．     

夏季极区中层大气运动功率谱分析

本文分析了１９８７年６月２３日至２９日ＭＡＣ／ＳＩＮＥ国际联合观测期间ＳＯＵＳＹＶＨＦ雷达在Ａｎｄφｙａ探测中层大气风场起伏的功率谱．结果显示，垂直速度谱与重力波谱理论有较大差异．引入背景风场Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ漂移并不能完全解释垂直运动谱与重力波谱理论的偏差，背景风场的影响明显小于理论预测的结果，说明大气运动功率谱成分中除了重力波外可能还有其它因素．     

重力波波包在真实大气中传播特性的数值研究

采用二维全隐欧拉（FICE）格式，对重力波波包在真实大气中的非线性传播和演变过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果表明，在中层大气下部激发的向上传播的重力波波包在传播到中层顶之前，波相关能量沿着射线路径传播，非线性效应和背景温场对波能量传播路径的影响很小，当波包传播到低热层大气后，波包饱和波相关能量几乎完全沿着水平方向传播，垂直方向的能量传播受到抑制，这与在无耗大气下，WKB近似条件下的线性重力波理论的预言相差很大，深入的分析表明抑制重力波波包向上传输能量的关键因素是大气分子粘性的垂直非均匀性。非线性和背景温场的影响不足以完全抑制波能量的向上传播，此外，在波包的整个传播过程中，由于非线性，背景温度和背景耗散的共同作用，重力波波包的垂直波长随时间明显减小，这些结果说明大气的分子粘性特别是分子粘性的垂直不均匀性对重力波波包在中、高层大气的非线性传播过程起着重要作用。     

Adelaide地区大气重力波的气辉观测

利用澳大利亚Adelaide(34.5°S,138.5°E)地区7年(1995-2001年)的OH和OI气辉观测数据,以及同地区中频雷达所测背景风场数据,通过最大熵谱分析方法,统计分析了该地区大尺度重力波的传播特性.结果表明,(1)在中层顶气辉观测区,利用OH气辉探测到48个重力波事件,利用OI气辉探测到29个重力波事件,这些重力波的周期和水平相速度分别集中在68 min和36 m/s左右,具有东南向的优势传播方向,平均仰角为8°～10°,接近水平方向传播;(2)通过OH气辉和OI气辉观测到了同一个重力波事件,并根据两个高度上观测到的扰动相位差判断该重力波为上行波.      

武汉上空中层顶大气重力波活动的钠层荧光激光雷达观测研究

从中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所钠荧光激光雷达自1999年至今的观测数据中选取了分布于全年26天的数据进行重力波活动的分析研究.统计结果表明,武汉中层顶区的重力波活动非常频繁:26天总观测时间累计约为185.5 h,总共观测到124个重力波活动,平均发生频度为每小时0.7个波,且波的出现频度与地方时有一定关系.这些波的垂直波长主要分布在3-7km,垂直相速主要位于0.1-0.5 m/s.与国外报道的结果相比较,波长数值与分布较为一致,但相速明显较低.武汉中层顶区重力波活动的另一特点是多波过程很频繁,多、单波过程的出现比例约为3:2.利用钠层相对密度扰动时空图方法,给出了武汉中层顶区重力波传播和破碎现象的典型结果.还利用单色波模型对部分钠层数据进行了单色波相关参数的提取.      

基于COSMIC的平流层重力波参数分析

基于COSMIC卫星观测的2006年12月29日到2008年1月3日30°-40°N纬度内的温度剖面,分别利用垂直滑动窗、双滤波器和单滤波器三种方法计算低平流层重力波的扰动和势能,获得重力波扰动和势能随高度、经度的分布以及多时间尺度变化特性,分析重力波扰动势能与背景温度及风场的变化趋势和特点.比较三种方法得到的结果发现:垂直滑动窗方法只能去除大垂直尺度的背景,无法抑制小尺度的扰动,其得到的结果误差较大;双滤波器法对温度剖面中的大尺度背景和小尺度扰动都能很好地抑制;单滤波器法得到的重力波扰动中基本不包含垂直方向的大尺度背景,但是包含一些小垂直尺度的扰动.因此,对于垂直波长为10km左右的重力波,采用双滤波器法合适;如果需要得到小尺度重力波的变化特性,采用单滤波器法合适.采用双滤波器法无法得到势能随高度的变化,而采用单滤波器法能够给出每月势能随高度的分布.对30°-40°N纬度内的重力波参数进行统计分析得到重力波扰动、势能与背景温度和水平风场的关系.      

一种全天空气辉成像仪数据预处理方法和初步结果

大气重力波是大气中的基本波动形式之一,在中高层大气动力和热力学过程中起着十分重要的作用.全天空气辉成像仪是一种以大气气辉辐射为示踪物,能够有效对大气重力波成像的仪器.本文针对中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室中高层大气组自主研制的全天空气辉成像仪所观测的数据,提出了一种气辉图像预处理方法,进行平场校正、方位校正、星光去除和坐标映射等数据订正.利用该方法处理2015年5月17日21:00BLT至次日05:00BLT西宁台站（36.6°N,101.7°E）的OH气辉数据,发现一次重力波事件,分析并获得了该重力波的水平波长、观测水平相速度和传播方向（分别为17.72km,47m·s-1,339°）.研究结果表明该方法是可行的.      

三维重力波非线性传播数值模型的一种求解格式

采用交替方向隐格式（ADI）求解三维可压大气中重力波非线性传播的数值模型，经过几个波周期后，重力波波包括估然沿着线性理论射线方 稳定地传播，波包保持着很好的形状，内点和边界保持稳定；水平风与垂直运动的振幅随着高度的增加而增加。这说明ADI格式是模拟三维可压大气中重力波传播的一种可靠的格式，模拟结果表明，在非线性情况下，重力波仍可保持性传播的某些特征，非线性效应有现在对波包括传播速度的修正。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。