Optimum design of a three-axis magnetic field simulator

This paper deals with the design of a three-axis magnetic field simulator for space applications. The simulator main goal is to reproduce, in an assigned volume about its geometrical center, a magnetic field vector with assigned uniformity and time behavior. To this end, different geometrical configurations, in terms of coil shape, dimension, number and distance, are analyzed. Results show that an optimum configuration, in terms of test volume dimensions and maximum power consumption, can be found     

Micromechanical gyroscope finite-element analysis

Mechanical analysis by method of finite-element analysis of the construction of two-component micromechanical gyroscope is explored. 3D geometric model and finite-element model of the gyroscope are made. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the gyroscope are determined. Parameters ensuring resonance tuning are realized. The choice of the most appropriate variant of construction takes place by realizing of modal analysis and varing of sensor's geometry. Deformations of device construction elements determined at maximum of the measured velocity.     

三轴稳定卫星无陀螺姿态确定算法研究

针对三轴稳定卫星进行了正常飞行模式下无陀螺姿态确定算法研究，采用磁强计、地球敏感器和太阳敏感器组合获得姿态数据，利用四元数法和高斯－马尔可夫过程建立了姿态确定估计器算法模型。通过数学仿真证明，此姿态确定算法能够对星体姿态进行较精确的估计或校正，满足卫星控制精度要求。     

An algorithm for calibrating the three-axis magnetometer

A three-step computational technique for calibrating the magnetometers is proposed based on the functional minimization by means of a discrete Newton algorithm. A comparative analysis reveals that the technique proposed allows us to correct the data necessary for determining the azimuth by the Earth’s magnetic field.     

二维振动结构的颗粒阻尼实验

采用非接触式激光测振仪对自由端附有空腔的L型悬臂梁进行了颗粒阻尼减振实验,考查了空腔尺寸对颗粒阻尼的影响规律,得到了二维颗粒阻尼的相关特性.结果表明:①非线性的颗粒阻尼能够显著地抑制结构振动,且阻尼值至少比金属材料阻尼大一个数量级;②二维颗粒阻尼在各个方向上具有相似的阻尼特性,随无量纲加速度的增加,颗粒阻尼先增大后减小...     

Pointing grade fiber optic gyroscope

Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) are solid-state rotation sensors that are appropriate for a wide variety of applications. In addition to becoming competitive with ring laser gyroscopes on new programs, FOGs are being manufactured to replace spinning wheel gyro technology in existing programs. The FOG brings with it the advantages of long life, high reliability, input axis stability, and low acceleration sensitivity. The AlliedSignal pointing grade fiber gyroscope was designed to replace a high-performance mechanical gyroscope currently made by AlliedSignal. Detailed passive thermal design, gyro assembly techniques, methods for rejecting light source intensity noise, and light source wavelength control are critical features that have been developed to produce a FOG with low noise, stable bias, and a stable and linear scale factor. Results of performance tests and error models indicate that these gyros have a capability for random walk of 0.0002 degrees/≠ hour and bias stability of 0.001 degrees/hour     

基于模态匹配和正交抑制的微机电陀螺闭环控制技术研究

模态匹配和力反馈控制可以在不牺牲检测带宽的情况下,利用机械谐振放大特性有效提高微机电陀螺信噪比、改善陀螺性能。结合一款高Q值对称式四质量敏感结构的陀螺表头,在陀螺动力学平均模型基础上,通过对检测模态同相分量和正交分量的控制,实现陀螺的闭环检测控制。基于静电负刚度原理,通过改变陀螺敏感结构梳齿与质量块之间的电压,构建实时正交抑制系统和精确模态匹配环节,推导出陀螺的静电刚度矩阵,完成了对正交耦合信号的实时抑制和驱动、检测模态的精确模态匹配并且实现对两环节的解耦控制。实测结果显示,陀螺频差由24 Hz缩小到0.05 Hz以内,全温条件下,陀螺的正交耦合量由3(°)/s抑制到0.01(°)/s,陀螺全温零偏稳定性由初始的11.48(°)/h改善到1.95(°)/h,验证了实时正交抑制和模态匹配等技术对提升陀螺性能的具体效果。     

核磁共振陀螺技术研究进展

核磁共振陀螺是基于量子操控技术的前沿研究新进展。具有高精度、微小型、对加速度不敏感、纯固态等特点,是未来发展高精度、微小型陀螺的主要技术发展方向之一。围绕核磁共振陀螺技术的最新研究进展,重点介绍了核磁共振陀螺的基本工作原理及其硬件构成,分析了核磁共振陀螺在上个世纪的主要技术发展路线与面临的技术发展瓶颈,综述了核磁共振陀螺近年来取得的研究进展及实现的技术突破,最后对核磁共振陀螺技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

Cavity element for resonant micro optical gyroscope

Significant strides have been made towards a feasible resonant micro optic gyro (RMOG). Uniquely crucial components have been developed. Experimental measurements, when coupled with theoretical analysis predicts that 1 degree/hour performance can be achieved. Three critical elements required for the successful development have been demonstrated. A high quality trench waveguide has been designed, fabricated and demonstrated to have losses as little as 0.1 dB/cm. The waveguide has been demonstrated to have gain in the 4.0 dB/cm range. Finally, a waveguide laser has been fabricated and has shown nearly enough power to adequately drive an RMOG. Analysis of the measured performance predicts that a 1 degree/hour RMOG can be constructed. The small size and projected ruggedness of the RMOG will be advantageous in high G applications. Other applications, such as man portable guidance systems, where weight and size are critical, may also benefit from RMOG technology     

重力测量卫星三轴稳定模型预测控制方法

基于卫星重力测量姿态控制任务需求,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的三轴姿态稳定控制方法.给出了将控制力矩和扰动力矩分别作为控制变量和测量扰动的线性化方程,并将推力大小及其变化量作为约束条件.基于离散化状态方程,提出了满足多种约束条件的预测控制方法.通过数学仿真表明了模型预测方法对内编队卫星三轴稳定控制的有效性和可行性.     

基于弹体动力学信息的速率陀螺滤波

针对使用低精度惯性器件的战术制导武器中速率陀螺精度低、噪声大的问题,提出了一种基于弹体动力学信息降低陀螺噪声的方法.该方法通过将弹体姿态动力学方程与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法相结合来构建滤波器,并在飞行过程中利用导弹的先验特征信息和实测的执行机构信息来实时校正陀螺的测量值;然后从理论上证明了所建立非线性滤波系统是局部可观测和有效的.仿真结果表明,该滤波方法可以有效地抑制速率陀螺的测量误差.     

Interference torque of a three-floated gyroscope with gas-lubricated bearings subject to a sudden change of the specific force

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of a sudden change of the specific force on a three-floated gyroscope with a rotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings.The interference torque is calculated to evaluate the influence by modeling the transient behavior of the rotor-bearing system. In combination with dynamic equations of the rotor displacement,the Reynolds equation is solved on the surface of spiral-grooved conical bearings. It is assumed that a steady state has been obtained with a constant specific force, and then the specific force is suddenly changed and maintained constant after that. Responses of the sudden change are obtained by solving the equations. Numerical results show that the direction of the sudden change of the specific force is the main factor which influences the interference torque curve. With a sudden change along the input direction, the interference torque fluctuation has a constant frequency and a decreasing amplitude. With a sudden change along the output direction, the interference torque fluctuates in a small range. With a sudden change along the spin direction, the change of the interference torque combines a fluctuation and a gradually-changing quasi-equilibrium value. This study provides a supplement to the steady-state error model of the three-floated gyroscope.     

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope using differential geometry decoupling method

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope (MSDGCMG) is of vital importance and challenge to the attitude positioning of spacecraft owing to its multivariable, nonlinear and strong coupled properties. This paper proposes a novel linearization and decoupling method based on differential geometry theory and combines it with the internal model controller (IMC) to guarantee the system robustness to the external disturbance and parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, by introducing the dynamic compensation for the inner-gimbal rate-servo system and the magnetically suspended rotor (MSR) system only, we can eliminate the influence of the unmodeled dynamics to the decoupling control accuracy as well as save costs and inhibit noises effectively. The simulation results verify the nice decoupling and robustness performance of the system using the proposed method.     

谐振式光纤陀螺系统建模及其应用研究

谐振式光纤陀螺作为高精度角速度传感器,以其集成化高、成本低以及抗干扰性强等独有优势,逐渐成为下一代光学陀螺研究发展的热点。通过对谐振式光纤陀螺工作原理的分析,建立了陀螺数字信号处理系统可视化模型,并对系统谐振曲线和同步解调曲线等开环输出以及锁频反馈下闭环输出进行了模拟仿真。利用仿真模型分析了正弦波调制下谐振谱分裂现象,并搭建实验装置对其进行了验证。结果表明,实验中正弦信号调制频率高于系统谐振输出半高全宽一半,即对应2 MHz时,谐振谱分裂会导致同步解调输出线性区域出现明显失真,严重恶化了标度因数线性度。因此,搭建的谐振式光纤陀螺仿真模型能够准确而有效地模拟系统的工作状态,在系统噪声抑制和精度提升方面具有指导性意义。     

双偏振干涉式光纤陀螺的多相位调制技术

在双偏振干涉式光纤陀螺的发展过程中,光纤环上的应力、扭转等会造成正交偏振态之间的交叉耦合,降低陀螺系统的稳定性。提出了一种基于双偏振干涉式光纤陀螺的六态方波调制技术并进行了理论推导。该技术与传统的方波和四态方波调制相比,降低了偏振交叉耦合误差,提高了信噪比,大大增加了信号解算精度。通过实验对比测试了干涉式光纤陀螺在不同调制技术下的偏置稳定性。实验结果表明六态方波调制技术的偏置稳定性达到了9.85×10^-4(°)/h,验证了六态方波提高信号解算精度的效果。     

基于Allan方差的激光陀螺噪声估计方法研究

激光陀螺的噪声影响其使用精度,为提高精度需要对噪声进行估计。研究几种基于Allan方差的激光陀螺噪声估计方法。首先,介绍了Allan方差的基本定义,以及运用Allan方差理论估计陀螺仪随机噪声系数的基本原理。详细叙述了三种典型噪声系数估计方法,即最小二乘法、分段估计法与规范化最小平方回归算法,指出各方法原理上的优缺点。最后通过对多组环形激光陀螺实测信号的定量分析,详细比较了三种噪声系数估计方法。结果表明,规范化最小平方回归算法计算简便,耗时短,拟合曲线平滑,拟合精度高,且具有较好的重复性,与其它两种估计方法相比,是一种更有效、科学,更适用于环形激光陀螺随机噪声特性分析的系数估计方法。     

转子叶栅非同步振荡发声特性研究

轴流压气机转子叶片排振荡疲劳失效是常见的气动弹性失稳问题。当转子叶栅处于非同步振荡状态下时,压气机管道内部将伴随着异常噪声的产生,这类噪声的频率既不是分布在叶片通过频率及其谐波上,也不是分布在转子轴频率及其谐波上,同时也不满足简单多普勒效应。为了解释这种异常噪声现象,以三维升力面理论为基础,讨论叶片对其附近流体施加非定常载荷的发声问题,给出了转子叶栅振荡异常发声问题的物理解释,建立了声场频率及模态特性与转子声源特性的直接关系式,并给出了频率特性不同于叶片通过频率且不符合简单多普勒效应的完整解释。在此基础上,通过机理性实验研究证实了该模型的正确性。实验结果表明,理论预测声场的频率和周向模态特性与实验结果完全一致。     

断开垂直陀螺的无人机纵向控制技术研究

为适应低成本、小型化无人机发展趋势,提出了断开垂直陀螺,仅采用角速率陀螺、GPS和大气机的简化配置控制思想,形成了基于高度控制的爬升、平飞、下滑纵向控制策略,设计了缺少俯仰角信号时的高度控制方案,并分析了控制方案的理论依据。利用某小型无人机进行了简化配置纵向控制律设计,分析了控制系统的频域特性和时域特性,对其控制性能进行了考察。通过与传感器完整配置下的常规控制律对比分析表明,对于纵向静稳定性较好的无人机,该简化配置控制策略是可行的。     

光纤陀螺非线性误差的温度特性研究

在不同调制深度下,光纤陀螺反馈通道的非线性误差对陀螺输出精度会有不同的影响。在此研究的基础上,通过实验与仿真分析相结合的方式,对光纤陀螺反馈通道非线性误差的温度特性也做了进一步的研究。研究表明,随着温度的降低,非线性误差对输出的影响也随之增加。仿真采用光纤陀螺单轴板在温箱中测得的数据,并利用Simulink建模分析。     

持续载荷飞行模拟器过载模拟新原理

 先进战斗机空战机动时产生的持续性高过载会严重危及其飞行安全。为了能够在地面开展高过载的飞行员飞行训练,需要对新型持续载荷飞行模拟器(SGFS)持续性过载模拟的新原理进行研究。首先分析了SGFS过载模拟的新机理,系统地推导了相关的计算公式,在此基础上建立了SGFS过载模拟的数学模型。为了考察SGFS对单轴及多轴过载的模拟能力,分别对梯形过载指令及飞机全滚机动时的飞行员3轴过载进行了数值仿真,并研究了过载模拟时SGFS的运动规律。仿真结果验证了所建立的SGFS数学模型的正确性,同时表明SGFS可对实际飞行时的飞行员3轴持续性过载进行精确地模拟。