一种蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器的流动与点火性能研究

为进一步拓宽凹腔驻涡值班稳定器在低温、高速来流条件下的点熄火边界,提出了一种利用高温燃气预热、预混供油的蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器。研究了蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器的流动特性、燃油分布特性及点火性能。研究结果表明：蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器的掺混腔和凹腔内部形成的涡系结构为低温、高速来流下的点火和燃烧提供了有利条件。凹腔驻涡区的气相油雾沿流向分布均匀,沿周向从稳定器对称子午面最富递减到相邻稳定器中间面最贫。在相同来流温度下,蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器的贫油点火和熄火当量比均随着来流速度的增大而增大。在低温（600K）、高速（100～200m/s）来流条件下,相比于蒸发式Z形值班火焰稳定器和常规薄膜蒸发式火焰稳定器,蒸发式凹腔驻涡值班稳定器贫油点火当量比能分别降低5.5%和30%;其贫油熄火当量比能分别降低37.4%和48.8%。     

沙丘驻涡蒸发式稳定器低压性能的试验研究

为了探讨沙丘驻涡蒸发式稳定器低压性能降低的原因，寻求改善措施，对稳定器常压下的流阻特性及低压下的点火及火焰稳定特性进行了试验研究，试验中改变了稳定器的开孔规律，低压试验的进气压力分别为0.08MPa、0.06MPa及0.05MPa。试验发现：原型稳定器从主流引入稳定器内的气流破坏了常规沙丘驻涡稳定器特殊型面形成的理想流场，恶化了从蒸发盘出口的两相混气的二次雾化、蒸发及掺混，使稳定器低压性能降低，改型后其点火及火焰稳定性能明显提高，总体性能超过V型蒸发式稳定器。     

开孔沙丘驻涡火焰稳定器总压损失的试验研究

试验研究了开孔的沙丘驻涡火焰稳定器的总压损失。结果表明,和常规Ｖ型火焰稳定器规律相反,开孔沙丘驻涡稳定器比无孔的总压损失系数增大２８％。流场分析结果证明开孔沙丘驻涡稳定器总压损失增加是由于从孔进来的气流,破坏沙丘驻涡稳定器型面形成的最佳回流区气流结构,增加了稳定器出口流场的不均匀     

稳定器后涡脱落频率特性

在方形试验段内,利用压力传感器系统对冷态条件下,两种典型火焰稳定器后的单点涡脱落频率进行了测量,分析出这两种典型稳定器后单点涡脱落规律,并进一步对这两种典型稳定器后瞬态流场的稳定性质进行了初步的对比讨论,结果表明:稳定器后的漩涡脱落频率随着来流速度的增大而增大;在相同速度下,相同槽宽的稳定器漩涡脱落频率基本相同。     

流动和油气参数对驻涡燃烧室燃烧性能的影响

针对新型驻涡燃烧室开展了燃烧性能实验研究.研究首先设计研制了驻涡燃烧室模型和实验系统,然后在此基础上开展了不同油气比、进口温度和进口流量等参数影响驻涡燃烧室燃烧性能的实验研究.结果表明燃烧室可以在不同工况下顺利点火和稳定工作,同时研究表明随着进口流量的增加(0.45～0.7 kg/s),点火性能基本不受影响,熄火特性变差;随着进口气流温度的上升(360～510 K),点火和熄火性能改善,燃烧效率提高.     

驻涡燃烧室主流对凹腔涡流动的影响

利用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对矩形模型驻涡燃烧室冷态流场进行了测试,分析了驻涡燃烧室主流速度及结构变化对凹腔内涡流动的影响.实验结果表明,主流速度对凹腔内涡的大小、形状、涡心位置影响不大,旋涡强度及凹腔回流量随速度增大而增大.主流无稳定器时凹腔内涡心基本居中;主流加入稳定器后,凹腔中心剖面涡较大,涡心偏向后方,稳定器剖面涡较小,涡心偏向前方.实验结果为开展热态研究打下基础.      

凹腔双驻涡稳焰冷态流场初步研究

驻涡燃烧室凹腔内流场对其燃烧性能有重要的影响,为了找出凹腔流场的特性,使用数值和实验两种手段对凹腔内双驻涡稳焰冷态流场进行了初步研究。研究结果表明:在主流速度和凹腔前壁面吹气速度一定的情况下存在一个最佳的后壁面吹气速度使得凹腔内的流场稳定,以满足先进燃烧室所期望的条件。研究成果初步确定了凹腔双驻涡稳焰冷态流场特征,并为开展热态研究打下基础。     

来流马赫数和余气系数对蒸发式火焰稳定器燃烧特性的影响

在亚音速高温气流实验装置中,使用拍摄OH自发光辐射的方法研究了蒸发式火焰稳定器的燃烧特性,分析了来流马赫数和余气系数对蒸发式火焰稳定器后反应流场的影响。通过对比火焰稳定模式,气流速度较低时火焰稳定性主要靠稳定器尾迹区中涡的生成和脱落控制,而气流速度较高时稳定器侧壁内缘出现的小反应区也是火焰稳定的重要因素。喷嘴的喷射条件对稳定器后的反应流场有重要影响,在油气比较高时,气流速度较低,出现回火,火焰悬停距离较小。在同样的气流速度下,降低余气系数,稳定器后的火焰形状发生本质变化,两个强烈反应区消失,反应区的边界变模糊。     

驻涡燃烧室驻涡区涡系特点数值模拟

为深入了解驻涡燃烧室凹腔内流场的涡系分布特性,采用FLUENT对不同驻涡区前进口堵塞比和不同燃烧室入口速度的驻涡区流场进行计算,分析典型截面压力场和流线图,研究驻涡区涡系特点.结果表明:不同纵截面旋涡特点不同,主流被联焰板堵塞的凹腔纵截面只有主涡,为稳定点火和火焰稳定提供条件;不同横截面的旋涡差别较大,离驻涡区前壁越远的截面涡心距越大,贴近前壁和后壁的截面均无旋涡;燃烧室入口速度对轴向中间截面的旋涡结构无影响,而前进口堵塞比对旋涡结构影响较大.     

富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧(RQL)工作模式下驻涡燃烧室排放性能试验

针对使用液态燃料(航空煤油)的富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧(RQL)工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能开展了系统的试验研究,分析总结了驻涡区余气系数、进口空气流量和进口空气温度等参数影响RQL工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能的变化规律.结果表明:随着驻涡区余气系数增大(a=0.61～1.53),CO和UHC(未燃碳氢化合物)体积分数...     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.