民用飞机货舱烟雾探测系统研究

货舱烟雾探测系统作为飞机探测系统的重要组成部分,对货舱的烟雾或火情状况进行探测、监控和告警。介绍了民用飞机货舱烟雾探测系统的组成,对两种常用的货舱烟雾探测器的类型进行了对比分析;对货舱烟雾探测的相关条款进行了分析说明;对货舱烟雾探测系统设备级试验、系统级试验和机上试验进行了详细的介绍;针对烟雾探测系统当前存在的设计难点和适航验证试验,提出了新的研究方法。     

A Nominator-Selector Two-Stage Signal Detection Scheme

A two-stage approach to computationally efficient signal detection is to nominate candidate signal vectors using a suboptimal, but computationally cheap, detection scheme, and subsequently perform optimal detection on the candidates. Bounds on the detection performance of this approach are presented along with sufficient conditions for optimality. Examples are presented of an optimal and nearly optimal two-stage detection scheme where computational costs are drastically reduced relative to the singli-stage optimal detector.     

Maximum Likelihood Energy Detection of Mary Orthogonal Signals

The literature on energy detection is extended by applying it to the processing of M'ary orthogonal communication signals of arbitrary time-bandwidth product. Guassian noise channel transition probabilities are derived for maximum likelihood energy detection, modified to the extent of including an erasure threshold. Relations and computational techniques are described for determining the symbol erasure and error probabilities for general signal alphabet sizes (M) and time-bandwidth products. When time of arrival is known exactly and Doppler is negligible, gible, it is determined that energy detection is inferior to noncoherent matched filter detection. For time-bandwidth products of the order of 100 and error probabilities around 10 3, a loss of about 5 dB occurs which is attributable to a lack of knowledge of the detail signal structure. However, for problems where time of arrival and/ or Doppler are unknown, energy detection will perform nearly as well as matched filter detection of, for example, spread spectrum signals, and is also simpler to implement. General energy detection performance curves are given in terms of required signal energy for specific error and erasure probabilities, as a function of M'ary and time-bandwidth product.     

液体火箭发动机健康监控──故障检测与诊断

以大型液体火箭发动机故障诊断系统框架为基础，按照发动机不同工作阶段的特点建立了相应的故障检测与诊断算法。利用发动机的高队数学模型，对基于推广的卡尔曼滤波器技术的新息检测算法进行了研究。根据发动机系统工作过程的特点，建立了降阶故障模式响应模型，并发展了相应的故障模式检验方法。为了适应在线实时检测的需要，利用发动机的试验数据，分别研究了基于人工神经元网络辨识模型的发动机启动过程检测算法和基于时间序列分析方法的发动机主机工作过程检测算法。通过试验数据的检测验证，证明了这些实时算法的快速性、准确性和鲁律性。     

Peformance of dynamic programming techniques forTrack-Before-Detect

“Track-Before-Detect” (TBD) is a target tracking technique where no threshold is applied at each measurement frame. Instead, data are processed over a number of frames before decisions on target existence are made. The track is returned simultaneously with the detection. A simple algorithm is presented and demonstrated via simulations. A detailed analysis enables detection and tracking performance to be predicted for particular algorithm parameters. Good performance is observed at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with rapid degradation as SNR is reduced further. For some cases the detection performance does not improve regardless of how many frames of data are processed. Tracking performance may also be poor even though detection performance is good     

A unified approach to the design of decentralized detection systems

A unified approach to the design of decentralized detection networks with arbitrary topologies is proposed and analyzed. In this approach, a decentralized detection system of arbitrary topology is represented by a communication matrix that specifies the interconnection structure of the detection network. This matrix is used to derive the general decision rule using the person-by-person-optimal (PBPO) solution methodology. It is shown that the PBPO decision rule is a likelihood ratio test for statistically independent observations. The threshold of the test is shown to be a function of the decision input vector of the detector under consideration. This unified approach is used to obtain the PBPO decision rules of decentralized detection systems with various topologies. Various results in the literature are verified. In addition, the PBPO decision rules for a decentralized detection system with peer communication are presented. Numerical examples are presented for illustration     

GLRT Detectors for Aircraft Wake Vortices in Clear Air

 In this article, radar echoes of aircraft wake vortices are modeled as weighted sums of the frequency components of the echoes with a special covariance matrix for the weighted coefficients. With a proposed detection scheme, two generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detectors are derived respectively for aircraft wake vortices with time-varying and time-invariant Doppler spectra. Then the analytical expressions for detection and false alarm probabilities of the detectors are derived and three factors are investigated which mainly influence the detection performance, i.e., the Doppler extension and uncertainty of the aircraft wake vortex, and the number of the detection cells. The results indicate that, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss induced by Doppler extension is generally several decibels. The SNR loss due to Doppler uncertainty is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the number of spectrum lines in the uncertain Doppler spectrum intervals. For a large number of detection cells, the SNR gain is approximately proportional to the square root of the number of the detection cells.     

The Nonparametric Detection of Signals Embedded in Log-Normal Noise

The nonparametric detection of signals embedded in log-normal noise is discussed. The generalized sign (GS), Mann-Whitney (MW), modified Savage (MS), and modified rank squared (MRS) non-parametic detectors are considered and are compared with the mean and trimmed mean (TM) detectors when envelope detection is used. The detection of both nonfluctuating and Rayleigh fluctuating signals is considered.     

Sequential track extraction

Sensors like radar or sonar usually produce data on the basis of a single frame of observation: target detections. The detection performance is described by quantities like detection probability Pd and false alarm density f. A different task of detection is formation of tracks of targets unknown in number from data of multiple consecutive frames of observation. This leads to quantities which are of a higher level of abstraction: extracted tracks. This again is a detection process. Under benign conditions (high Pd, low f and well separated targets) conventional methods of track initiation are recommended to solve a simple task. However, under hard conditions the process of track extraction is known to be difficult. We here concentrate on the case of well separated targets and derive an optimal combinatorial method which can be used under hard operating conditions. The method relates to MHT (multiple hypothesis tracking), uses a sequential likelihood ratio test and derives benefit from processing signal strength information. The performance of the track extraction method is described by parameters such as detection probability and false detection rate on track level, while Pd and f are input parameters which relate to the signal-to-noise interference ratio (SNIR), the clutter density, and the threshold set for target detection. In particular the average test lengths are analyzed parametrically as they are relevant for a user to estimate the time delay for track formation under hard conditions     

液体火箭发动机推进剂检漏技术的综述

在液体火箭发动机发射前,必须进行完整性试验。完整性试验包括对推进剂和其它液体系统的泄漏检测。建立一个能实现推进剂泄漏故障自动检测的系统是很必要的。本文对液体火箭发动机的泄漏故障检测方法进行了综述,对已用于或可能用于液体火箭发动机检漏的技术进行分类和详细评述,指出了液体火箭发动机检漏技术的几个发展方向。     

Signal Detection Using Bit-Slice Microprocessors

A bit-slice microprocessor configuration is presented which is applicable to implementation of real-time signal detection algorithms. The general hardware configuration and appropriate software functions are described. General algorithms which are of wide utility in signal detection applications are discussed in the context of the defined hardware configuration. To facilitate the presentation and indicate the practicality of this system configuration, the application of the hardware configuration and software techniques to target detection for passively received signals using multiple receive beams is discussed.     

不同检测方式下的维修心理分析

 初步探讨航空维修心理学的概念和航空维修人员应具备的心理品质。当前维修通用直接检测、仪器检测、智能机检测三种方式,分析人-机系统结构特点,论述了维修检测人员心理品质的特征,提出提高检测水平进行心理训练的主要内容。     

基于振动分析的结构损伤检测方法研究

对近年来结构基于振动的损伤识别方法的发展概况和最新进展进行了总结：主要介绍基于固有频率、位移振型、曲率模态振型、应变模态振型的损伤识别技术和BEE法,分析其各自的优缺点。在此基础上,展开基于模态参数识别的航空发动机零部件结构损伤检测的研究,提出综合运用有限元法、实验模态分析和神经网络法对结构损伤进行检测的方法．并取得初步结论。最后对该研究领域的未来发展进行了展望。     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

星际着陆自主障碍检测与规避技术

 为了在具有科学价值的复杂地形区域实现安全着陆,未来的星际着陆器必须具备自主障碍检测与规避的能力。从星际着陆导航传感器技术、自主障碍检测方法和自主障碍规避技术3个方面出发,对星际着陆自主障碍检测与规避技术进行较全面的分析和总结。首先,对适用于星际着陆自主障碍检测的各种主动式和被动式传感器的工作原理、优缺点进行较深入的阐述;接着,基于不同传感器的测量信息,对各种自主障碍检测方法的障碍检测能力、优缺点进行较详细的对比分析;然后,基于多信息融合的自主障碍检测方法,对安全着陆点选择的原则进行阐述;最后,对星际着陆自主障碍规避流程和适用于星际着陆自主障碍规避的制导控制方法进行较系统的总结。     

不定线性系统的鲁棒故障检测

 <正> 1.引言 Beard等提出的检测滤波器是一种基于模型的故障检测与识别(FDI)方法,然而,检测滤波器要求精确地已知系统的动力学方程 X=AX+Bu,Y=CX (1) 其中,X∈R~n,Y∈R~m,u∈R~r分别为系统状态输出和控制;A、B、C为具有相应维数已知常阵。由于系统的复杂性以及系统外界干扰的不确定性,获取系统精确的数学模型非常困难。因此要解决的基本问题即考虑下列不定系统的故障检测     

飞机发动机损伤图像的分割处理

在形态学边缘检测算子的基础上,综合应用了形态学中的腐蚀和膨胀,提出了一种改进的多尺度形态边缘检测算法,得到修正的边缘检测算子,减轻了图像边缘检测的模糊性,并有效降低了噪声对边缘检测的影响。通过实验得到噪声存在条件下较为理想的图像,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

窄频差硅基环形陀螺检测闭环控制系统设计

针对窄频差硅基环形波动陀螺动态性能差的问题,提出了一种基于比例积分微分-惯性环节(proportion integral differential-inertial element, PID-IE)的串联式相位校正检测闭环系统控制器。以硅微机械陀螺仪结构运动方程为基础建立了理想的窄频差U形弹性梁硅基环形波动陀螺仪的系统模型。通过对环形陀螺开环工作状态下的系统模型及其外围电路的传递函数和波特图分析,设计了一种基于PID-IE的检测闭环系统控制器。通过对其系统模型及外围电路时域仿真,验证了该检测闭环控制系统的可行性,通过仿真发现,加入该控制器后的陀螺输出稳定时间减少了50%,陀螺检测位移输出减小了2个数量级,基本实现了该陀螺的检测位移抑制。在模拟电路中实现了该检测闭环控制系统后,通过实验测试了陀螺检测闭环控制前后的各项性能指标。通过实验测试发现,实现闭环控制后,陀螺输出稳定时间约为0.15 s,陀螺检测位移在闭环工作状态下比开环工作状态减小了97%,陀螺的标度因数比检测开环提高了10倍,零偏及零偏不稳定性与检测开环相比分别提升了3倍和8倍,且闭环控制系统的工作带宽比开环工作带宽提高了30倍...     

High Resolution Differential Capacitance Detection Scheme for Micro Levitated Rotor Gyroscope

给出了一种用于新型悬浮结构的使用差分电容进行角度检测的电路分析。为了确保电路具有较小的非线性和高分辨率,进行了电路的噪声分析和和输出信号的非线性度仿真。在电容检测接口中,使用了电荷积分放大器作为前置级以消除由于电容接线引起的寄生电容。分析了当存在耦合电容时差分电容桥的输出以及输出信号的非线性误差,分析结果显示该检测电路可以实现高分辨率和低非线性的角度检测。使用 PSpice 仿真并制作了电容检测印刷电路板。实际实验中,该电路可以检测的最小角度分辨率为 0.04o,非线性误差为 2.3%。     

检测传感器故障的鲁棒观测器

介绍一种在系统参数变化情况下进行故障检测的观测器。对观测器采用特征值、特征向量进行联合配置的算法 ,并对估计误差设计奇偶空间 ,使各传感器的故障在奇偶空间中被解耦分离 ,因而可用一个观测器检测与分离多路故障传感器 ,实现了故障检测的鲁棒性