IC10单晶高温合金室温和750℃高周疲劳行为

在涡轮叶片服役过程中,疲劳是其失效的重要原因之一,而已有研究主要针对不同应变速率下IC10合金1 100℃低周疲劳性能展开,本文研究定向凝固IC10单晶高温合金静态空气介质环境下室温和750℃高周疲劳性能。在应力比R=-1、f≈83.3Hz条件下,进行高周疲劳试验,并利用扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行观察;基于试验观测结果,讨论室温和750℃下IC10单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能差异的内在机制。结果表明:IC10单晶室温疲劳强度为288 MPa,750℃疲劳强度为416 MPa;裂纹萌生于试样表面或近表面缺陷处,断口主要由裂纹萌生区、稳态扩展区和组成。     

FGH95粉末高温合金低周疲劳性能研究

通过对飞机发动机涡轮盘材料FGH95粉末高温合金在600℃、650℃下的低周疲劳性能的研究，获得了中值和置信度γ=95％、存活率P=99．87％的低周疲劳数据。以及表征材料特性的应变-寿命曲线、循环应力-应变曲线和各应变疲劳参量。为飞机发动机的粉末涡轮盘设计选材和寿命预估提供了依据。     

涡轮叶片小尺寸试样取样及高温疲劳试验夹持方法

针对服役涡轮叶片的疲劳性能及寿命评估问题,发展了一种适用于含薄壁和内冷通道等复杂结构特征涡轮叶片的小尺 寸试样取样技术及小试样的高温疲劳试验夹持方法。应用该方法对不同大修间隔的某型航空发动机第1级高压转子涡轮叶片进 行了取样,对叶片取样小尺寸试样在850 ℃下开展疲劳试验。试验结果表明：所发展的复杂构型涡轮叶片取样技术和小尺寸试样 高温疲劳夹持方法能够有效应用于该型服役发动机高压涡轮叶片的取样疲劳性能试验;真实服役的涡轮叶片小试样的疲劳性能 与标准热处理状态合金的相比出现了劣化,并且随着服役时间的延长劣化程度加剧,寿命降缩短例最大超过90%;服役涡轮叶片 取样小试样的疲劳裂纹主要萌生于表面和亚表面的缺陷,共晶组织和碳化物是服役涡轮叶片裂纹萌生的危险位置。     

化学成份调整和热处理对DS Mar—M200高温合金力学性能的影响

Hf和Zr促进了γ+γ′共晶、MC_((2))和Ni5M相的生成。在含等原子百分数Zr和Hf的合金中,Zr在共晶γ′内的溶解度比Hf低,Ni_5M相中Zr含量比Hf高。Zr的这种分布有利于形成Ni_5M相,降低了Zr的强化效果。1130℃/3小时处理有效地消除了Ni_5M相,因此使合金的初熔温度升高。1100℃/4小时沉淀处理形成尺寸为0.5μm的立方状γ′沉淀,在760～1050℃整个温度范围使含Hf合金的蠕变强度远高于不含Hf的合金。与无Hf合金相比,含Hf合金的低周疲劳(LCF)寿命更长。当以Zr部分或全部代替Hf时也有类似的倾向。更高的凝固速度由于组织更细和取向更优而延长了LCF寿命。表面滑移分析表明,含Hf和不含Hf合金中相邻晶粒都出现两组滑移交割,但无Hf合金的柱晶界易出现开裂。Mar-M200合金LCF试样表面裂纹数目和单位面积上裂纹长度很高。MC开裂主要发生在垂直应力轴方向的长条形碳化物上,然后向枝晶间区扩展。含Hf合金则由于滑移带的分离而沿结晶学平面开裂。     

涡轮叶片复合疲劳特性曲线及其规律的试验

为了解高周振动载荷对于涡轮叶片高温疲劳性能的影响,对某型涡轮叶片进行高低周复合疲劳试验.试验结果表明,在低周载荷基础上叠加高频振动载荷,显著缩短了叶片的疲劳寿命;复合疲劳的分散性很大,且不存在疲劳极限,当叶片高周循环次数超过107时,继续试验叶片仍会发生断裂;在双对数坐标下,叶片的振动应力与其高周循环寿命成线性关系,即复合疲劳特性曲线(应力-寿命曲线、概率-应力-寿命曲线)服从双对数线性规律,进一步研究发现该规律对于高温合金材料的复合疲劳特性曲线具有普遍性.      

Al含量对一种新型高W，Mo的Ni3Al基合金组织和性能的影响

为满足1050℃使用的等温锻模具材料的需求,在IC6合金成分的基础上研制了一种新型的高W,Mo强化的Ni3Al基等轴晶合金,尝试在合金中添加了不同含量的铝改善合金的抗氧化性能,并研究了铝对合金微观组织和1050℃拉伸性能和1100℃持久性能的影响.采用带能谱的扫描电镜分析了合金微观组织以及氧化膜形貌,采用X射线衍射分析了合金氧化膜的相组成.研究结果显示,随铝含量从7wt%增加到8wt%,合金的氧化增重速率明显降低,氧化皮脱落量减少,合金的抗氧化性能明显提高.力学性能测试结果表明,铝含量为7.5wt%的合金具有较好的综合高温性能,当铝含量提高到8wt%时,合金中的初生γ＇相大量增加,合金高温强度明显降低.     

EB-PVD热障涂层对IC10合金力学性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在IC20合金基体上制备NiCrAlYSi粘结层,利用电子束物理气相沉积（EB—PVD）技术在粘结层上制备YSZ陶瓷面层。研究了YSZ热障涂层对IC10合金拉伸、持久、疲劳性能的影响。结果表明：IC10合金沉积YSZ热障涂层后,980℃／200MPa高温持久寿命与IC10合金相当;900℃高温抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率占和断面收缩率砂与基体相比,基本保持不变;室温抗拉强度σb。屈服强度σ0.2：与基体相比稍有下降;800℃／447MPa疲劳寿命与基体合金相当。因此,IC10合金沉积TBCs涂层后,对IC10合金力学性能无明显影响,不影响合金的实际使用。     

基于修改加速控制规律的航空发动机寿命延长控制

针对发动机加速过程,以涡轮导向叶片热机械疲劳寿命为例,通过在原加速控制规律后半段增加转子加速度限制,综合考虑加速性能与寿命延长指标,利用遗传算法对加速规律进行优化.仿真结果表明修改后的加速控制规律能够明显地延长涡轮导向叶片的寿命,而发动机加速过程上升时间基本保持不变.      

等离子涂层涡轮导向叶片热疲劳寿命预测研究

针对等离子涂层涡轮导向叶片材料的变形特点,引入了粘塑性本构模型.进行了涂层高温氧化实验、带涂层构件热疲劳实验及有限元模拟研究.基于研究结果,建立了可以体现氧化损伤与热疲劳损伤耦合效应的寿命预测模型.计算分析了带涂层涡轮导向叶片的稳态温度场、涂层隔热效果和基于宏观尺度的应力应变场,研究了宏、细观有限元计算结果间的转换关系,提出了等效系数的方法,对涡轮导向叶片表面涂层的热疲劳寿命进行了预测.寿命预测结果合理,方法可行.      

基于P-ε-N曲线整体推断的涡轮盘寿命可靠性分析

疲劳寿命符合对数正态分布,并且对数寿命的标准差随弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅的减小而增大。采用基于异方差回归分析的整体推断方法在现有低循环疲劳试验数据的基础上,得到了航空发动机涡轮盘材料GH4133在温度250℃下的P-ε-N曲线;利用P--εN曲线对某涡轮盘进行低循环疲劳寿命可靠性分析,得到置信度0.95,可靠度0.998 7的轮盘寿命为1 866次循环,合683飞行小时,与涡轮盘疲劳试验分析得到的技术寿命接近。整体推断得到的P-ε-N曲线精度较高,利用P-ε-N曲线进行轮盘寿命可靠性设计分析具有计算简便、节约试验成本的优点。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.