镁合金在航空航天领域研究应用现状与展望

介绍了高性能镁合金的研究现状,重点介绍了高强铸造镁合金、高强变形镁合金、高阻尼镁合金和高温镁合金,以及镁合金的固态成形、液态成形中的先进成形技术和其他新型制备技术。综述了镁合金在航空航天领域的研究应用现状与进展,包括镁合金在航空发动机、飞机和航天飞行器等方面的应用。最后,展望了镁合金在航空航天领域的发展趋势。     

飞行器服役（作战）完整性的提出与发展

飞行器服役完整性（对于军用飞行器也称为作战完整性）更综合地表征了飞行器在服役（作战）使用过程中的质量特性。本文首先介绍了飞行器服役（作战）完整性概念的提出过程,讨论了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的基本内涵和基本特性,阐明了飞行器服役（作战）完整性是飞行器服役（作战）适用性与飞行器服役（作战）效能发挥的基础。然后介绍了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的三种表征参数：飞行器固有完好率、飞行器固有健康度、飞行器服役（作战）完整度,并梳理了飞行器服役（作战）完整性优化设计的基本方法。最后提出了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的控制原理,指出了飞行器服役（作战）完整性发展的基础、研究方法和目前我国航空航天领域急需研究和发展的方向。     

聚酰亚胺泡沫材料在航空航天飞行器中应用进展

总结了新型聚酰亚胺泡沫材料在航空航天飞行器中如低温贮箱隔热体系、蜂窝结构材料、透波材料、机身隔热体系、飞行器座椅等方面的应用进展，指出今后聚酰亚胺泡沫材料研究和应用的方向和趋势。     

高超声速飞行器气动外形优化

<正>随着航空航天科技的发展和国防科技的需要,高超声速技术已成为当今航空航天技术领域的战略制高点,它几乎集中了航空航天领域所有学科的新技术,具有很强的前瞻性、战略性与带动性,由于高超声速飞行器具有速度快、飞行距离远、突防能力强等特点,已成为当今世界军事强国关注的战略发展方向。为了使高超声速飞行器具有良好的飞行性能,最重要的就是要保证其具有优良的气动外形。因此,在概念研究和初步设计阶段,就需要对高超声     

飞行器新结构技术展望

随着飞行器设计需求的提升，飞行器结构不断向结构功能一体化、智能化等方向发展，飞行器新结构技术是飞行器结构发展需求的体现。本文从飞行器结构设计技术发展的维度出发，着重对近几十年来出现的飞行器结构创新概念及理念进行了汇总和整理，形成了对航空航天飞行器结构技术发展趋势的研判，分别从轻质/多功能结构、智能结构、变形/变体结构、仿生材料/结构和防隔热承载一体化结构5个方面展开介绍和分析，最后给出对航空和航天飞行器结构技术发展趋势的总结，这些结论可对后续飞行器结构设计专业的发展提供有益借鉴。     

嵌入式大气数据三点解算方法初步研究

针对新一代航空航天飞行器大气数据受感系统研制的工程需要,介绍了嵌入式大气数据受感系统设计的基本准则,采用理论分析与风洞试验相结合的方法,给出了"三点算法"的初步研究结果。研究结果表明:研究方案设计合理,在试验条件下,获取的模型前机身压力分布结果,量值可信,压力分布趋势合理;开展嵌入式大气数据系统设计的研究结果具有工程实用性,为新一代航空航天飞行器嵌入式大气数据受感系统气动设计奠定了基础。     

低压储能的升浮一体飞行器总体参数研究

升浮一体飞行器是一种综合了太阳能无人机和平流层飞艇特点的新型临近空间飞行器,是航空航天领域研究的热点,可再生燃料电池是升浮一体飞行器最有发展前景的储能装置。针对现有燃料电池中氢气和氧气存储方式的缺陷,充分利用升浮一体飞行器巨大的机身体积,提出了采用低压气囊储气的燃料电池方案,建立了升浮一体飞行器总体参数计算模型,提出常规燃料电池和气囊储气燃料电池的理论计算方法。研究了不同储气方式对升浮一体飞行器的能源系统以及飞行器总体参数的影响。研究表明,采用低压储气方法后,氢气的质量储气密度可提高至13.0%,燃料电池存储能量为1 489.7 kWh条件下,能量密度可达到1 000 Wh/kg以上,对减小升浮一体飞行器总重和外形尺寸、提高飞行器载荷能力有显著作用。     

航空逸闻

<正>美国研制新型飞行器:直升机、飞机汽车混合体美国创业公司Krossblade近日推出了一款小型飞行器SkyCruiser的概念图片,该飞行器集合了小飞机、汽车机和直升机的概念,不仅可以像汽车般落地行驶,更能垂直起降,起飞至空中后还可以打开机翼如固定翼机般飞行。据该公司介绍,SkyCruiser机翼长达     

先进复合材料在未来飞行器中的应用

复合材料在飞行器结构中的用量已经成为航空航天结构的先进性标志之一,其优越的综合性能非常适应未来飞行器的发展趋势.文章概述了先进复合材料在航空航天结构应用中的主要发展历程,结合未来飞行器的发展趋势,预测了先进复合材料在未来飞行器运用中可能带来的新挑战新机遇.     

国外临近空间飞行器技术发展概述

临近空间特有的战略意义日益凸显,对临近空间的开发和利用正成为各航空航天大国关注的热点.为此,它们甚至不惜投入大量人力物力研究临近空间飞行器,并已取得一定的技术突破.本文介绍、分析了国外临近空间飞行器的研究现状和发展思路,并从其中的技术难点出发,对我国利用临近空间的发展提出了几点看法.     

先进空间运输系统气动设计综述

天地往返运输系统是能够自由进出空间轨道、安全返回地球表面、执行天地往返运输任务的航天运输体系。近年来,随着先进动力、新材料、新工艺的带动效应逐渐显现,各航天集团开始了新一轮先进天地往返系统的研究,其中大量研究项目针对具备完全可重复使用、可大幅降低运送有效载荷进入太空成本的先进天地往返运输系统展开。本文针对这一热点领域进行综述性研究,对不同类型进出大气层飞行器的气动设计特点进行了分析,结果表明跨大气层飞行器是天地往返运输系统的主要载体,认为未来主要以火箭助推入轨滑翔再入和水平起飞水平返回为主要发展方向,两类飞行在气动设计方面有高超飞行器宽域飞行适应性的共性难题,同时在气动-动力一体化化设计方面又有较大的差异。     

Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future flight conditions

High speed of aero vehicles including commercial and military aircraft, missiles, unmanned air vehicles, as well as conceptual aircraft of the future are imposing larger restrictions on the materials of these vehicles and highlight the importance of adequate quantification of material behavior and performance during different flight conditions. Erosion due to weather conditions and other present particles such as hydrometeors; rain, hail and ice, as well as sand, volcanic ash and dust resulting from residues in the atmosphere are eminent as hazardous on the structure of a flying vehicle and may adversely influence the lifecycle of the structure. This study outlines an extensive review of research efforts on erosion in aviation and provides a basis for comparison between different apparatus simulating rain erosion and their usage within the aerospace industry. The significant aspects of erosion testing and future prospects for erosion impact are further addressed for forthcoming generations of flying vehicles.     

Mission/flight systems integration study: a long-term electronicsplanning project

The objective of the Mission/Flight System Integration Study (M/FSIS) is to identify the requirements and development objectives for electronics systems technologies and conceptual architectures in future weapon system applications (in and around the year 2005), based on analyses of future missions, threats, scenarios, aerospace system concepts, and technology trends. The products are substantiated requirements for future electronics functions, systems, and architecture; technology development objectives and roadmaps; and conceptual electronics architectures and functional definitions. The study outputs will serve to guide laboratory technology development planning and programs; guide weapon system program office long-range electronics planning; illustrate user needs in terms of electronics requirements; and guide air logistics center weapon-system master planning     

Passive millimeter wave imaging considerations for tactical aircraft

Air Force, Army, Navy, and NASA Research Laboratories, in addition to major aerospace companies, are considering millimeter wave (MMW) imaging technology as an enhancement to sensor suits on both occupied and unoccupied vehicles. This is a review of the basic technology involved in MMW imaging and some of the programs and products that might benefit from passive day or night imaging through mist, haze, fog, clouds, smoke and/or dust. Potential applications include UAV surveillance of ground vehicles, airborne approach to airfields, tankers, flight leaders, and detection of airborne targets, including stealth aircraft.     

Review of numerical simulations for high-speed, turbulent cavity flows

High speed flows inside cavities are encountered in many aerospace applications including weapon bays of combat aircraft as well as landing gear. The flow field inside these cavities is associated with strong acoustic effects, unsteadiness and turbulence. With increasing emphasis on stealth operation of unmanned combat air vehicles and noise concerns near airports, cavity flows attracted the interest of many researchers in aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. Several attempts were made using wind tunnel experimentation and computational fluid dynamics analyses to understand the complex flow physics associated with cavity flows and alleviate their adverse effects via flow control. The problem proved to be complex, and current research revealed a very complex flow with several flow phenomena taking place. With the aid of experiments, CFD methods were validated and then used for simulations of several cavity configurations. The detached-eddy and large-eddy simulation methods proved invaluable for these studies and their application highlights the need for advanced turbulence simulation techniques in aerospace. The success of these methods and a summary of the current status of the experimental and computational progress over the past twenty years is summarised in this paper.     

航天飞行器热防护系统及防热材料研究现状

随着航天技术发展,飞行器的飞行速度更快,服役环境更加恶劣,有效的热防护系统是保证飞行器安全飞行的关键系统之一。本文综述了被动防热系统、主动防热系统和半被动防热系统3类热防护系统在航天飞行器上的应用现状,重点介绍了金属基复合材料、碳基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料、树脂基复合材料和气凝胶材料,5类防热材料在航天领域的应用发展情况,并提出了航天飞行器未来热防护的发展趋势。     

面向控制的高超声速飞行器总体优化设计方法

从前期高超声速飞行器基础理论以及关键技术的研究到现今的飞行试验可以看出,高超声速飞行器在总体设计阶段过晚考虑飞行器动力学特性和控制性能会给后期控制系统设计带来极大的困难。在对两类高超声速飞行器试飞与控制相关问题分析的基础上,提出了面向控制的高超声速飞行器总体优化设计方法,给出了面向控制的总体优化设计研究方法、思路和模块框架。     

Conversations with Rep. Ken Calvert. Interview by Frank Sietzen Jr

Rep. Calvert, chair of the House aeronautics and space subcommittee of the Science Committee, answers questions related to priorities for space in the current congressional session: the Vision for Space Exploration, development of the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and other heavy-lift launch vehicles, entrepreneurial alliances in the space transportation industry, the U.S. aerospace industry, space tourism, entrepreneurs and NASA, U.S. aeronautics research, a service mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and priority military space programs.     

Review of uncertainty-based multidisciplinary design optimization methods for aerospace vehicles

This paper presents a comprehensive review of Uncertainty-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) theory and the state of the art in UMDO methods for aerospace vehicles. UMDO has been widely acknowledged as an advanced methodology to address competing objectives of aerospace vehicle design, such as performance, cost, reliability and robustness. However the major challenges of UMDO, namely the computational complexity and organizational complexity caused by both time-consuming disciplinary analysis models and UMDO algorithms, still greatly hamper its application in aerospace engineering. In recent years there is a surge of research in this field aiming at solving these problems. The purpose of this paper is to review these existing approaches systematically, highlight research challenges and opportunities, and help guide future efforts. Firstly, the UMDO theory preliminaries are introduced to clarify the basic UMDO concepts and mathematical formulations, as well as provide a panoramic view of the general UMDO solving process. Then following the UMDO solving process, research progress of each key step is separately surveyed and discussed, specifically including uncertainty modeling, uncertainty propagation and analysis, optimization under uncertainty, and UMDO procedure. Finally some conclusions are given, and future research trends and prospects are discussed.