硫酸盐还原菌对LY6腐蚀电化学行为的影响

用开路电位法,动电位扫描极化法和电化学交流阻抗频谱法(EIS)研究了LY6在不含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的无菌溶液和含SRB的有菌溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明SRB加速了LY6的腐蚀,且动态挂片的腐蚀速率大于静态挂片的腐蚀速率,铝合金开路电位随试验时间的增加而负移,有菌溶液中负移0.26V(SCE),无菌溶液中负移0.16V(SCE).从阳极极化曲线上观察到表观点蚀电位范围为-0.6~0.2V(SCE).电化学阻抗谱表明随着菌液培养时间的增加,极化电阻减小.      

LC_4高强度铝合金应力腐蚀断裂机理的研究(一)

本文用DCB试样研究了LC4高强度铝合金在pH=6～6.5,35℃±1℃的3.5％NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀断裂机理。 文中分析了断口表面的特征,并且指出靠近裂纹尖端的断口表面上被一层薄的钝化膜所复盖。它是一种非常有效的防止氢进入金属的阻挡层。 用金相跟踪照相的方法得到的应力腐蚀断裂试验结果证实裂纹尖端前沿的塑性区大小取决于裂纹尖端的K_1,而不取决于其它因素。 用恒电位技术得到的IgV—ψ曲线,表明阴极极化作用会抑制裂纹扩展,而阳极极化作用会促进裂纹扩展速率。 作者论证了LC4铝合金在试验条件下的裂纹扩展不是由于氢脆引起的。     

2024铝合金浸镍层的制备及生长过程

利用磷酸的全面腐蚀特性和氯离子的活化作用,设计了磷酸-氯化镍浸镍反应体系,通过表面电位监测及微观形貌表征对不同磷酸浓度与反应温度下的浸镍过程进行分析。结果表明:磷酸浓度是影响浸镍层表面电位及微观形貌的关键因素,当磷酸浓度为25%,反应温度为30℃时,可制得化学性质稳定、包覆性良好且晶粒尺寸均匀的浸镍层。在此反应体系下,浸镍层在形核后通过球状方式叠层生长,在反应进行600 s后得到厚度约1 μm的浸镍层,其表面电位可达到-0.51 V左右。      

高强度铝合金7804-T6板材温拉伸本构方程

通过在293~573K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.0006~0.06s^-1下对高强度铝合金7B04-T6薄板进行温拉伸试验,研究了高强度铝合金温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,可以得出结论:合金的流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;延伸率随变形温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,并基于Fields and Backofen方程建立了该型铝合金在温拉伸时应力-应变模型.     

论铝合金应力腐蚀DCB试样中的残留应力

测定了不同热处理状态LC4合金DCB试样中的残留应力。测定和计算了残留应力对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的贡献K_(1R)。试验证明,当K_(1R)值高于材料的K_(1SCC)值时,无外载荷的DCB试样中的裂纹能够应力腐蚀扩展到试样末端。进行160℃时效或予变形,能够消除淬火残留应力的大部分。     

载荷作用下5A06铝合金焊接试样的腐蚀敏感性

针对5A06铝合金焊接对腐蚀敏感性的影响,研究了载荷作用下的不同焊缝方向（垂直、穿越）的5A06铝合金试样在50℃的3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响和焊接接头的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,经过110 d的盐水溶液浸泡后,2种焊缝试样均是热影响区首先发生腐蚀,表面的腐蚀坑两侧由于材料组织的不同分别呈台阶式和韧窝状。穿越焊缝试样应力腐蚀敏感性较低,腐蚀坑顶端应力集中,有滑移台阶;垂直焊缝试样应力腐蚀敏感性较高,腐蚀坑沿焊缝贯穿试样表面,腐蚀坑两侧呈平行撕裂状态。电化学极化曲线表明,热影响区、母材区和焊缝区的自腐蚀电位分别为-1.369、-0.791和-0.740 V。      

外加应力下的LY12CZ电化学行为

利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱技术对应力加载下的LY12CZ铝合金在3％NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究,考察了应力作用对LY12CZ在3％NaCl水溶液中的阳极极化行为、自腐蚀电位和破裂电位以及极化电阻和双电层电容大小的影响.结果表明,在加载应力时LY12CZ的阳极极化曲线和自腐蚀电位、破裂电位均明显负移;在浸泡时间相同的情况下,极化电阻也随应力的增加而显著降低,在应变强化阶段力学化学效应达到最大.破裂电位的负移和极化电阻的降低说明应力对LY12CZ的局部腐蚀有明显的影响.      

应力腐蚀断裂过程中的裂纹表观形态及断裂机理

通过金相跟踪照相等技术,获得了30CrMnSiNi22A超高强度钢在不同应力腐蚀环境条件下裂纹扩展的一系列动态照片及数据,由此可以看出:(1)该钢的应力腐蚀断裂过程中,氢并非致塑因素,与此相反,它常常引起基体脆化,起到抑制塑性变形的作用;(2)该钢的应力腐蚀断裂行为和机制往往因环境不同而异,即“多因素致裂”的“综合机理”。     

高强度铝合金中氢传输的研究

采用化学镀镍层作为铝合金LC4上防护层,应用电化学氢渗透技术研究了氢在LC4中的静态传输规律以及在不同热处理状态下,氢在LC4中的传输对其应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。实验结果表明:常温下氢在LC4中的静态传输是以扩散为控制步骤的过程。氢扩散系数为10~(-9)cm~2·s~(-1)数量级,为同条件下氢在纯铝中扩散系数的四分之一;LC4材料的DCB试样在常温下的3.5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂不遵循氢脆机理。     

00Cr18Ni10N奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头应力腐蚀特性

采用恒载荷应力腐蚀实验方法和表面显微分析方法研究了3.5% NaCl水溶液中00Cr18Ni10N奥氏体不锈钢母材及焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂行为.通过应力腐蚀120 h后剩余强度的损失量分析来比较00Cr18Ni10N母材及其焊接接头的应力腐蚀性能,并利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究了00Cr18Ni10N钢焊缝区、热影响区与母材的显微组织差别和应力腐蚀开裂断口形貌.结果表明,焊接接头的应力腐蚀断裂位置均位于焊缝区,在较高应力水平90%σ_0.2下00Cr18Ni10N母材的强度损失较焊接接头低13.02%,母材的抗应力腐蚀性能优于焊接接头.断口形貌分析表明,00Cr18Ni10N母材和焊接接头在应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用下发生断裂,断口显现出沿晶断裂和韧窝断裂的形貌特征.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。