旋转状态下叶片振动应力的断口反推法

 提出了一种确定航空发动机叶片振动应力的新方法——断口反推法。该方法依据断裂力学的基本原理,从叶片实际断口测得裂纹疲劳扩展速率 da/d N值,并利用材料的裂纹扩展速率 da/d N同裂纹应力强度因子幅值 ΔK之间的关系,确定出叶片在振动应力作用下的振动应力强度因子;然后采用有限元数值计算方法对叶片进行静力分析、模态分析及裂纹应力强度因子计算,最后反推出叶片在旋转状态下振动应力值的大小。该方法根据叶片的实际断口情况计算出叶片在断裂之前的振动应力值,对于叶片的故障分析及故障排除将具有重要的意义。     

Ti-6Al-4V/ELI钛合金250℃裂纹扩展性能

高温环境下裂纹扩展性能是进行航空金属结构损伤容限设计的重要依据。本工作测定典型航空钛合金Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在两种温度(25℃和250℃)、三种应力比(0.06,0.5,–1)下的裂纹扩展性能;采用割线法处理实验数据,获得材料的裂纹扩展速率da/d N-ΔK曲线和da/d N-ΔK-R曲面,进行裂纹扩展性能对比分析;通过疲劳断口SEM分析高温和载荷联合作用对裂纹扩展性能的影响机理。结果表明:在相同的应力强度因子变程ΔK下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N随着应力比R的增加而变快;Ti-6Al-4V/ELI的高温断口表面可见氧化产物和大量二次裂纹,温度升高导致材料裂纹扩展过程逐渐由解理断裂向准解理断裂转变;氧化产物的加速作用和二次裂纹分支的减速作用共同影响材料的裂纹扩展性能,应力比R为0.5或0.06时,氧化加速和分支减速作用基本相抵,裂纹扩展受温度变化影响并不明显,拉压加载下应力比为R为–1时,二次裂纹受温度与载荷的充分影响密集萌生并深化,使得Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在高温环境下裂纹扩展速率慢于室温下扩展速率。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝和母材疲劳裂纹扩展行为

对7075-T6和LC4CS两种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展(da/d N)行为进行实验研究,并与7075-T6母材疲劳性能进行对比分析。结果表明:沿焊缝中心、前进和后退边方向,7075-T6搅拌摩擦焊疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N均低于LC4CS的da/d N;但沿垂直于焊缝方向两者da/d N基本一致;同种材料焊缝中心da/d N为最低,其次是后退边和前进边,而沿垂直焊缝方向da/d N为最高;7075-T6焊缝中心da/d N与其母材比较,低载荷ΔK下焊缝中心的da/d N较低、但高ΔK下母材的da/d N较低;在前进边、后退边和母材区域疲劳裂纹断口形貌明显不同,在母材区域可以观察到典型的疲劳条纹特征;但沿焊缝中心(焊核)的疲劳裂纹断口,没有任何疲劳条纹特征;7075-T6搅拌摩擦焊缝比LC4CS焊缝具有更好的抗疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,在高ΔK载荷下搅拌摩擦焊核区细小等轴晶粒不能提高疲劳裂纹扩展阻力。     

LY12CZ铝合金的疲劳门槛值及宽范围裂纹扩展速率的研究

用降载、升载和恒幅试验程序测定了LY12CZ铝合金板材在三种应力比(R=0.5,0和-1)下的疲劳门槛值及宽范围的裂纹扩展速率.研究结果表明,三种应力比的da/dN-ΔK曲线上所出现的相同转变点与微观扩展机制、裂纹表面的形貌和材料本身特性有关;裂纹闭合效应是引起应力比相关性的重要机制;用裂纹闭合模型计算的裂纹张开应力相当好地关联了在宽范围速率(da/dN=10-8～10-2mm/cycle)内的三种应力比的da/dN与有效应力强度因子范围ΔKeff的关系.     

应力比和腐蚀环境对超高强度钢AerMet100疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

采用载荷控制与应力强度因子控制两种方法研究超高强度钢AerMet100在不同裂纹扩展速率区域受到应力比和腐蚀环境影响的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对断口进行观察。结果表明:疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN≤1×10-5mm/cycle时,当应力比R≤0.5,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔK th随着应力比R增加而减小,当应力比R≥0.5,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值变化趋于平缓;在da/dN≥1×10-5mm/cycle时,疲劳裂纹扩展速率出现不受应力比影响的收敛现象。在da/dN≥1×10-5mm/cycle时,腐蚀环境会加速疲劳裂纹扩展;在裂纹扩展速率da/dN≤1×10-5mm/cycle时,由于氧化致裂纹尖端闭合效应,腐蚀环境导致裂纹扩展变慢,并使裂纹扩展门槛值增大。     

用于预腐蚀航空铝合金材料疲劳寿命分析的腐蚀当量裂纹的抛物线模型

为了节省直升机材料研制费用并缩短研发周期,本文试图以理论模拟方法代替腐蚀疲劳试验。试验测定了2种航空铝合金材料LD2CS和LD10CS的预腐蚀疲劳性能,根据试验观测现象和断口扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果,建立了新的腐蚀凹坑当量裂纹的抛物线模型,并基于线弹性断裂力学方法推导了预腐蚀铝合金表面腐蚀凹坑当量裂纹的应力强度因子新公式,发展了疲劳载荷作用下航空铝合金材料的预腐蚀疲劳寿命估算方法。最后,采用本文的模型和算法对2种铝合金材料LD2CS和LD10CS的预腐蚀疲劳性能进行了模拟,发现本文所提新模型和算法的模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好,预测得到的预腐蚀铝合金疲劳性能比传统的半椭圆模型和半圆模型具有更高的预测精度。     

基于小裂纹理论的GH4169高温合金的疲劳全寿命预测

将基于小裂纹理论的疲劳全寿命预测方法应用于恒幅载荷作用下的高温合金GH4169材料的全寿命预测。采用单边缺口试样研究了该合金在室温下应力比为0.1和0.5的自然萌生的小裂纹的起始和扩展行为,结果表明疲劳小裂纹均起始于试样表面夹杂,并且小裂纹扩展寿命占疲劳全寿命的大部分比例。在裂纹扩展速率da/d N低于10-5mm/cycle的区域,表现出明显的小裂纹效应。基于小裂纹和长裂纹的扩展数据,利用Newman裂纹闭合模型,获得了裂纹扩展的da/d N-ΔKeff基线数据。对高周疲劳试样的断口形貌进行观察,得到以材料夹杂尺寸作为初始裂纹尺寸的值ai。根据初始裂纹尺寸和裂纹扩展的基线数据,利用FASTRAN软件,对GH4169合金的疲劳全寿命进行预测,并用高周疲劳试验S-N数据对预测结果进行评价,预测与试验结果能够很好地吻合。     

金属加筋壁板疲劳裂纹扩展研究

进行了铝合金工字型长桁加筋壁板的疲劳裂纹扩展分析与试验研究。利用线弹性断裂力学和有限元法计算工字型长桁加筋壁板的应力强度因子,以NASGRO软件中的裂纹扩展率方程及考虑载荷交互作用的广义Willenborg模型为基础,利用循环接循环进行裂纹扩展计算寿命,并与试验数据相比较。结果表明,预测的寿命与试验结果吻合较好。     

应力比对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

采用三点弯曲试样,对钛合金Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行研究,得到相应实验条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析探讨应力比R对该合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂机理的影响。结果表明:随着应力比R增大,Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金在同一ΔK时的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大,裂纹扩展对应的应力强度因子ΔK范围和扩展门槛值ΔK_(th)减小;三个应力比R作用下试样的疲劳断口表面均可见一些疲劳台阶和二次裂纹;随着应力比R的增加,试样断口表面粗糙度增加,二次裂纹减小;在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳断裂均表现为穿晶断裂。     

孔边裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展试验研究

简介了循环J积分ΔJ*path体系,以16MnR钢单边椭圆孔边裂纹试件进行了6种循环应力比的恒幅应变疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用材料应变疲劳循环加载条件下的应力-应变关系,通过弹塑性有限元素法计算ΔJ*path参量,研究了孔边高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展规律。结果表明：ΔJ*path能够作为缺口高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展的控制参量,与裂纹扩展速率da/dN之间的指数关系,可通过相同材料的标准试件应力疲劳裂纹扩展由Paris公式与ΔJ*path=ΔK2/E转换得到。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.