高阶间断有限元法的并行计算研究

根据间断有限元法的数据结构特点,基于METIS网格分区技术,设计并行计算策略,在非结构网格上实现了并行高阶间断有限元法。控制方程的数值通量项使用Local Lax-Friedrichs(LLF)格式计算。设计了并行的牛顿-块高斯赛德尔法(Newton-Block GS)来加速收敛,提高迭代效率。并行性能分析表明,所设计的并行算法能够得到较好的加速比和并行效率,有效地节省计算时间,合理分配内存。这使得采用高阶间断有限元法计算更为复杂的问题成为可能。     

High-order implicit discontinuous Galerkin schemes for unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations

Efficient solution techniques for high-order temporal and spatial discontinuous Galerkin(DG) discretizations of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are developed. A fourth-order implicit Runge–Kutta(IRK) scheme is applied for the time integration and a multigrid preconditioned GMRES solver is extended to solve the nonlinear system arising from each IRK stage. Several modifications to the implicit solver have been considered to achieve the efficiency enhancement and meantime to reduce the memory requirement. A variety of time-accurate viscous flow simulations are performed to assess the resulting high-order implicit DG methods. The designed order of accuracy for temporal discretization scheme is validate and the present implicit solver shows the superior performance by allowing quite large time step to be used in solving time-implicit systems. Numerical results are in good agreement with the published data and demonstrate the potential advantages of the high-order scheme in gaining both the high accuracy and the high efficiency.     

三维可压缩 Navier-Stokes 方程的间断Galerkin 有限元方法研究

拓展了二维间断 Galerkin(DG)有限元方法研究,将该数值方法用于三维可压缩欧拉方程和 Navier-Stokes方程的求解。基于六面体网格单元,采用插值方法将物面的四边形面网格单元构造为弯曲面网格单元,更好地表述了真实物面特征;物面边界相邻体网格单元相应构造为高阶体网格单元,其余体网格单元采用八节点六面体单元,以较小的计算代价使网格满足 DG 方法计算需求。通过对三维带 bump 管道内流、圆球绕流以及旋转流线体绕流进行的数值求解,验证了边界弯曲方法的可行性及 DG 方法的高精度特性。此外,由于采用了隐式计算方法,仅需较少的时间步就能迭代收敛。     

弯曲网格上的间断有限元湍流数值解法研究

采用间断有限元方法对雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程进行了数值求解,对Spalart-Allmaras单方程湍流模型进行了部分修正,使得求解器更加鲁棒。构造了分段高次多项式来逼近真实物面,同时物面附近采用多层弯曲网格来避免网格交叉,此外提出了一种快速计算积分点的曲面物面距的方法。采用混合网格对NACA0012翼型以及RAE翼型进行了数值计算,并与实验数据以及前人数据进行了对比。计算结果表明,采用物面弯曲网格结合修正的湍流模型方法在相对稀疏的网格上就能得到比较好的数值解。     

非结构网格下可压缩黏性流体的隐式算法

采用牛顿线化和Roe近似Jacobians矩阵隐式算法,实现基于非结构网格的三维定常黏性流动问题的求解.分别对平板、跨声涡轮叶片Mark-Ⅱ和CW-22这三种具有代表性的流动进行数值模拟,并详细分析了流动细节,模拟结果与理论以及实验值吻合良好,准确预测了流场内激波、二次流等重要的流动现象.验证了基于非结构网格的可压缩流体隐式计算方法对于黏性流动问题的计算是正确的.      

基于高阶WENO格式的旋翼非定常涡流场数值模拟

为提高直升机旋翼黏性涡流场计算流体力学（CFD）的计算精度及降低数值耗散,发展了一套基于五阶加权本质无振荡（WENO）格式的旋翼非定常涡流场数值计算方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法生成围绕前飞状态旋翼的网格系统,以Navier-Stokes方程作为主控方程,湍流模型采用一方程Spalart-Allmaras模型。为了提高旋翼流场中对涡的形成、演化等发展过程的模拟精度,采用高间断分辨率的Roe-WENO格式计算对流通量。对状态变量的插值,选取适当的加权因子,通过多个重构模板的凸组合来构造五阶WENO格式,在交界面附近获得具有五阶精度的状态变量。为了提高计算效率,采用高效的隐式LU-SGS（Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel）推进方法和并行计算策略。最后,运用该方法分别对悬停状态下C-T（Caradonna-Tung）旋翼和UH-60A旋翼以及前飞状态下C-T旋翼和SA349/2旋翼的涡流场及气动特性进行了数值模拟,并将数值结果与传统二阶精度格式的计算值进行了对比。结果表明：在计算时间增长10%～20%的前提下,五阶WENO格式能够捕捉到更精确的涡流场特性,反映了五阶WENO格式在计算旋翼非定常涡流场时具有更高的计算精度与更低的数值耗散特性。     

用虚拟黏性法构造Navier-Stokes方程黏性项的隐式格式

提出的虚拟黏性法是一种关于Navier-Stokes方程黏性项(黏性应力项和传热项)的隐式新方法。通过引入虚拟时间和虚拟黏性项,将隐式格式的构造大大简化,从而避免了大型复杂隐式差分方程组的常规求解。在虚拟时间推进过程中所需求解的方程组的系数矩阵是一个三对角矩阵,它具有计算简单且计算量小的优点。用模型方程和Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值仿真,研究各种参数对计算的影响,并在精度和效率上与显式方法进行比较,证实了算法的正确性和优势。最后分析了本文格式的适用范围。     

A transition prediction method for flow over airfoils based on high-order dynamic mode decomposition

This article presents a novel approach for predicting transition locations over airfoils, which are used to activate turbulence model in a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver. This approach combines Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) with e^N criterion. The core idea is to use a spatial DMD analysis to extract the modes of unstable perturbations from a steady flowfield and substitute the local Linear Stability Theory (LST) analysis to quantify the spatial growth of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves. Transition is assumed to take place at the stream-wise location where the most amplified mode’s N-factor reaches a prescribed threshold and a turbulence model is activated thereafter. To improve robustness, the high-order version of DMD technique (known as HODMD) is employed. A theoretical derivation is conducted to interpret how a spatial high-order DMD analysis can extract the growth rate of the unsteady perturbations. The new method is validated by transition predictions of flows over a low-speed Natural-Laminar-Flow (NLF) airfoil NLF0416 at various angles of attack and a transonic NLF airfoil NPU-LSC-72613. The transition locations predicted by our HODMD/e^N method agree well with experimental data and compare favorably to those obtained by some existing methods (LST/e^N or $\gamma -\stackrel{￣}{R{e}_{\theta \text{t}}}$). It is shown that the proposed method is able to predict transition locations for flows over different types of airfoils and offers the potential for application to 3D wings as well as more complex configurations.     

任意单元间断Galerkin有限元计算方法研究

基于龙格库塔间断Galerkin(RKDG)有限元法的构造思想,通过局部坐标变换,发展了非正交单元DG有限元计算方法;借鉴非结构网格有限体积隐式计算方法,发展了适应于DG有限元方法的隐式计算方法;借鉴一维和二维(三角形单元)DG有限元限制器构造方法,提出了非正交三棱柱单元限制器方法;利用上述方法数值模拟了球头和双椭球的高超声速粘性绕流,得到了清晰的流场结构,并得到了较好的压力和热流分布,表明该方法在复杂高超声速流动的数值模拟方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

高阶精度DG/FV混合方法在二维粘性流动模拟中的推广

DG/FV混合方法因其具有紧致性、易于推广至高阶及相比同阶DGM计算量、存储量小等优点,已成功应用于一维/二维标量方程和Euler方程的求解。在此基础上,将该方法推广于二维三角形/矩形混合网格上的NavierStokes方程数值模拟,将格式形式精度提高至4~5阶。物理量的空间重构及离散使用DG/FV混合重构方法;无粘通量计算采用Roe格式;粘性通量计算采用BR2格式;时间方向离散采用高阶显式R-K方法或隐式方法。利用该方法计算了有解析解的Couette流动问题以验证几种格式的数值精度阶,并计算了层流平板流动和定常、非定常圆柱绕流问题等经典算例。计算结果表明DG/FV混合方法达到了设计的精度阶,在较粗的网格上亦能得到高精度的计算结果;定性分析和数值结果表明相比同阶DG方法单步计算量减少约40%。     

非结构混合网格高雷诺数流动计算中一种改进的LU-SGS隐式格式(英文)

The lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) implicit relaxation has been widely used because it has the merits of less dependency on grid topology,low numerical complexity and modest memory require...     

基于Navier-Stokes方程/自由尾迹/全位势方程的旋翼流场模拟混合方法

为充分考虑旋翼尾迹对流场的影响和减少尾迹的数值耗散,建立了一个基于Navier-Stokes方程／自由尾迹分析／全位势方程的旋翼流场求解的新的混合方法。该方法的求解域由三部分组成：一是围绕旋翼桨叶周围的粘性区域．采用可压Navier-Stokes方程来捕捉近场信息,包括激波及尾迹;二是离桨叶较远、粘性可以忽略的等熵流区域,以全位势方程来描述其流动;三是在无粘区域中嵌入自由尾迹模型,模拟桨尖涡从粘性区域进入势流范围的发展变化。为便于流场分区求解和信息传递,采用了嵌套网格方法,并给出了不同区域之间的信息传递方法。以两叶的Caradorma＆Tung模型旋翼和四叶的UH-60A直升机旋翼为算例,计算给出了旋翼桨叶表面的压强分布以及桨尖涡的位置,并与可得到的试验数据及无尾迹模型方法的计算结果进行了对比,表明本文的混合方法能够很大程度地减少旋翼尾迹的数值耗散。     

台阶流模型流场的局部DQ-Lagrange求解方法

以Lagrange多项式作为Differential Quadrature(DQ)方法的基函数,应用局部DQ-Lagrange方法对Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值求解,建立了基于局部迎风DQ-Lagrange方法的复杂台阶流流场求解模型.并在此研究基础上,提出了本质和自然边界条件的处理方法.分析了支持域的选择、边界条件处理方法、迎风机制等对求解精度的影响.结果表明:支持域较大时,Lagrange高阶插值易出现振荡现象,可以采用局部替代全局的插值方法;迎风支持域的加入可以提高求解精度;建模时速度支持域的选择应该大于压力支持域.      

Automatic differentiation based discrete adjoint method for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes

A systematic methodology for formulating, implementing, solving and verifying discrete adjoint of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes is proposed. First, a general adjoint formulation is con-structed for the entire optimization problem, including parameterization, mesh deformation, flow solution and computation of the objective function, which is followed by detailed formulations of matrix-vector products arising in the adjoint model. According to this formulation, procedural components of implementing the required matrix-vector products are generated by means of auto-matic differentiation (AD) in a structured and modular manner. Furthermore, a duality-preserving iterative algorithm is employed to solve flow adjoint equations arising in the adjoint model, ensur-ing identical convergence rates for the tangent and the adjoint models. A three-step strategy is adopted to verify the adjoint computation. The proposed method has several remarkable features:the use of AD techniques avoids tedious and error-prone manual derivation and programming;duality is strictly preserved so that consistent and highly accurate discrete sensitivities can be obtained; and comparable efficiency to hand-coded implementation can be achieved. Upon the cur-rent discrete adjoint method, a gradient-based optimization framework has been developed and applied to a drag reduction problem.     

基于3D Zernike矩的巡检器与空间站的相对导航算法

针对航天器相对导航问题,以空间站表面为"特殊地形",提出一种基于大型航天器表面巡检的相对导航算法。首先,运用巡检飞行器上的TOF （Time of Flight）相机测量空间站表面局部点云数据,以该点云数据为实时图,以空间站表面先验点云数据为基准图。然后,利用3D Zernike矩与三维地形间的一一对应关系,将三维地形匹配转化为基于3D Zernike矩的特征向量匹配。在此基础上求解实时图与匹配上的基准图间的相对位置、相对姿态,从而确定两航天器间的相对导航参数,并通过实验分析了匹配精度及速度的主要影响因素。最后,将该相对导航参数与惯性系统推算的相对导航参数在扩展卡尔曼滤波器的框架下实现信息融合,估计了巡检飞行器与空间站间的相对位置、相对姿态,实验结果表明,相对位置精度优于0.002 m,相对姿态精度优于0.1°。