空中交通管制人员自动排班算法的研究与设计

在“空管安全人为因素”的研究中，管理因素是一个重要研究方向，而班组人员的搭配、管制排班又是人力资源管理的一个极其重要的部分。在对民航安全影响因素的调查中，50％以上的人提到“排班不科学、管制员超时工作或疲劳工作”因素。但是，如何排班解决问题，做到科学、公平、合理，却鲜有解决方案。随着管制队伍日渐庞大，人工排班的不合理现象越来越突出，势必影响空管安全，因此利用计算机辅助完成管制排班工作成为一项迫切需求。     

管制员因素对飞行安全影响的模糊综合评价

在空中交通管制中，管制员的失误是导致危险接近、碰撞的关键因素之一，就量化管制员因素对飞行安全的影响进行了探讨。从管制员因素出发，提出了影响飞行安全的ATC（air traffic controller）指令、精神面貌和管制技能等3个子因素．然后利用层次分析法和物元分析理论确定各因素的权重，最后利用模糊综合评判方法，量化了管制员因素对飞行安全的影响，并用实例进行了验证。     

论空管班组资源管理

随着民用航空业的迅猛发展,空中交通管制早已不是单个管制员所能承担的,它必须由团队或班组的集体行为来完成。目前,世界上大的空中交通管制中心已发展到几十个扇区,一百多个通信波道,几百名管制员同时工作。在中国, 北京、上海、广州等繁忙的管制室也开辟了扇区,十几名管制员组成一个班组,实施对空指挥;即使是飞行量较小的管制单位,也至少有两名管制员在岗指挥。 现代人 力资源管制的核心和动力是挖掘从业人员的积极性、主动性和创造性,空中交通管制班组资源的管理当然也是如此。笔者认为,保证空管安全,固然要发挥管制员的…     

论空管班组资源管理

空管员对于航空安全的重要性是毋庸置疑的。保证空管安全，发挥管制员的个人主观能动性固然重要，但更要发挥班组的整体、系统功能。因为，空管班组的能量远大于班组中每名管制员的个体能量的代数和随着民用航空业的迅猛发展，空中交通管制早已不是单个管制员所能承担的，它必须由团队或班组的集体行为来完成。目前，世界上大的空中交通管制电动已发展到几十个同区，一百多个通信频道，上百名管制员同时工作。我国的北京、上海、广州等机场繁忙的管制室也开辟了若干扇区，十几名管制员组成一个班组，实施对空指挥；即使是飞行量较小的管制单…     

加强班组精细化管理 严防管制工作“错、忘、漏”

前言空中交通管制工作的任务是防止航空器相撞及在机动区内航空器与障碍物相撞,维护和加快空中交通的有序流动。正因如此,管制工作也具有了高强度,高责任心和高风险的特点。我们希望管制员在实施空中交通管制工作时能时刻保持充沛的精力,敏捷的思维,具有高度的责任心和成熟的管制技能,能与班组其他成员进行良好的协作配合。但这只是理想化的要求,管制员作为人,其能力具有局限性,而且能力的发挥也受到许多因素的制约。科学研究证明,人都有犯错误的倾     

基于胜任力模型的管制员绩效考核指标的选取

胜任力模型的研究是随着"知识型"职业的发展而来,在一定程度上就是专门针对管理人员、技术人员等知识型员工而开发出来的。通过分析管制工作的特点,发现我国民航管制单位一线岗位的工作特点完全满足胜任力模型的适用范围。本文将国外对管制员的工作要求与胜任力模型相结合,选取管制员绩效考核所使用的指标,力图解决管制单位在筛选考核指标时的难题。同时提出了确定管制员绩效考核指标的权重的算法,并给出权重分布。     

基于管制员负荷的西安终端区扇区优化

若扇区的工作负荷差别较大,会限制空域容量,给飞行安全和空域的利用造成不利影响.为了提高空域容量,缓解空中交通压力,构建基于管制员负荷的西安终端区扇区优化方法.通过对西安终端区近期雷达数据进行统计分析、量化管制负荷,得到符合西安终端区的管制员负荷综合值;对该终端区进行剖分得到Voronoi图,依据均衡扇区管制负荷的原则,加入实际约束条件,采用遗传算法对扇区进行优化.结果表明:通过扇区优化,提升了西安终端区的容量,均衡了各扇区的管制负荷,取得了较好的优化效果.     

双岗制下不同席位管制员工作负荷差异性研究

双岗制是中国民航空管基层安全管理的重要措施,合理分配指挥席与协调席任务是确保双岗制有效实施的前提,因此分析不同席位管制员工作负荷是一项有意义的工作.本文以时间线分析方法为基本思路,结合DORATASK方法建立管制员工作负荷评价模型,利用该模型对指挥席工作负荷和协调席工作负荷进行测量.通过对某管制室实时数据的采集和分析,得出两个席位上的工作负荷存在显著差异,并且这种差异性在该管制室主要受协调航班量的影响.     

如何抓好管制班组资源管理

现代人力资源管理的核心和动力是挖掘从业人员的积极性、主动性和创造性，空中交通管制班组资源的管理当然也是如此。笔者认为，保证空管安全，固然要发挥管制员的个人主观能动性，更要发挥班组的整体、系统功能。因为，空管班组的能量远大于班组中每位管制员的个体能量的代数和。     

ATC3在管制员模拟培训中的应用分析

民航的快速发展对管制员的数量和质量都提出了很高的要求,但管制模拟机设备的不足限制了民航院校的管制员培训与培养.通过详细研究管制模拟软件ATC3,并与目前使用的管制模拟机进行对比分析,探讨其创新性及优缺点,进而研究在管制员模拟机培训中的可应用性.同时也针对该软件的缺点提出了一些优化建议,以使该软件很好地应用在管制员模拟培训中,提高管制培训的质量,加快管制员培训的步伐,满足中国民航发展的迫切需求.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.