弯管成形理论和技术研究进展与发展趋势(英文)

As one kind of key components with enormous quantities and diversities,the bent tube parts satisfy the increasing needs for lightweight and high-strength product from both materials and structure aspec...     

新型高温钛合金成形工艺探索

通过分析合金的材料特点、材料对塑性成形工艺条件的要求,研究了Ti750合金的热压、热旋压、超塑、焊接工艺性能。结果表明:该合金的热旋压成形工艺性较差;热压与超塑成形工艺性较好;合金具有较好的焊接性能。     

TC4钛合金激光焊缝超塑性行为研究

研究了TC4钛合金板激光焊缝的超塑性变形行为、组织演变,以及激光焊接板的横向超塑性变形特征.引进等轴化系数表征超塑性变形过程中焊缝组织等轴化进程,并对激光焊接/超塑成型技术基础问题提出了进一步展望.     

焊接过程多场耦合模拟研究进展

焊接是一个涉及到多物理场耦合的复杂过程,采用传统的试验方法研究焊接现象存在成本高、效率低、局限性等问题,数值模拟技术很好地解决了这些问题,因此该技术已成为国内外焊接工作者研究的热点,在航空航天、汽车船舶等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。介绍了影响熔池形态和焊接变形的因素以及外加磁场对改善焊缝成形的作用,重点论述了数值模拟技术在多场耦合作用下焊接熔池形态、应力与变形以及焊缝成形控制等方面的应用及研究现状,在此基础上提出了焊接过程多场耦合模拟的未来发展动向。     

航空发动机机匣电子束焊接变形模拟分析与优化

为了对焊接变形进行预测与控制,建立了焊接接头的弹塑性有限元模型,并对电子束热源模型进行了校核,获得了接头焊接位置的塑性应变区域大小;建立了风扇叶片机匣3D壳单元有限元模型,并采用固有应变法对机匣焊接变形进行了模拟计算,获取了焊接过程的变形分布,通过实测机匣变形量并与仿真结果进行对标,验证了模型的准确性;通过对风扇叶片机匣焊接顺序以及焊接熔池宽度等工艺参数的优化,获得了控制风扇叶片机匣焊后变形的最优方案。结果表明:模拟与实测的平均变形误差仅10.3%,基于固有应变法的中心面3D壳单元有限元模型适用于大型复杂薄壁件的电子束焊接变形预测,该方法已得到应用;风扇叶片机匣焊接熔池宽度的优化能够有效控制焊后变形,焊缝上熔池宽度降低为2.7 mm,焊后平均径向变形量降低30%,能够明显降低机匣径向收缩变形,焊接顺序的优化对变形控制效果较差。      

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

Plastic deformation analysis and forming quality prediction of tube NC bending

Plane strain assumption and exponent hardening law are used to investigate the plastic deformation in tube bending. Some theoretical formulae including stress, curvature radius of neu-tral layer, angle of neutral layer deviation, bending moment, wall thickness variation and cross-section distortion, are developed to explain the phenomena in tube bending and their magnitudes are also determined. During unloading process, the springback angle is deduced using the virtual work principle, and springback radius is also given according to the length of the neutral layer which remains unchanged before and after springback. The theoretical formulae are validated by the experimental results or the validated simulation results in literature, which can be used to quickly predict the forming quality of tube numerical control (NC) bending.     

Feasibility evaluation of failure models for predicting forming limit of metal foils

Forming limit of metal foil is an important index to evaluate its formability, and is of considerable significance to improve the quality of products. The ductile fracture (DF) behavior in microscale plastic deformation is remarkably affected by the geometry and grain size. To explore the size-dependent forming limit curve (FLC), the Holmberg and Marciniak tests of SUS304 foils with the thicknesses of less than 0.1 mm and diverse grain sizes were performed. In addition, the validity and feasibility of three types of existing failure models including Swift/Hill, Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) and DF criteria for predicting the micro-scaled FLCs were discussed. It is found that the Swift/Hill model possesses the worst accuracy with predicting deviation above 50%. Four classical DF criteria including Freudenthal, Ayada, Brozzo and Oh show great difference, and Oh model considering plastic anisotropy presents the best precision. The predicted deviation of M-K model is aggravated with increasing grain size and decreasing foil thickness, which is attributed to the intensified free surface roughening and transformation of fracture mechanism with miniaturization. This research thus provides a deeper understanding and valuable reference for the widespread application of FLC in microforming.     

FSW和VP-TIG焊接箱底的力学特征分析

针对纵缝采用搅拌摩擦焊、环缝采用VP-TIG熔焊工艺的箱底进行液压试验,并在试验过程中监测各典型焊缝位置的应变响应,结果显示箱底上搅拌摩擦焊缝和熔焊焊缝交叉形成的"T"型接头区域在试验中最先进入屈服,说明该位置材料的屈服强度较低,是箱底承载的薄弱环节。     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

TC18钛合金焊接接头力学性能试验研究

氩弧焊和电子束焊是钛合金加工中两类常见的工艺方法,对比研究两种工艺对焊接接头力学性能的影响对其在工程中的合理选用具有重要的参考价值。完成了TC18钛合金氩弧焊接头和电子束焊接头的静力拉伸及旋转弯曲疲劳试验,并根据试验结果对两类焊接接头的力学性能进行了对比分析,采用统计学方法给出了二者的中值疲劳寿命SN曲线及疲劳极限。研究结果表明：氩弧焊接头焊缝区内晶粒粗大,使得材料的力学性能明显劣化;电子柬焊接头具有更高的抗拉强度与更好的高周疲劳性能,更有利于工程应用。     

TC4钛合金超塑成形研究现状及其发展展望

介绍了TC4钛合金超塑成形的研究现状,主要内容包括:应变速率敏感性指数m值研究;超塑成形过程中材料组织演变过程及超塑变形机制研究;空洞的演变过程研究,包括空洞形核、长大机制及断裂机制研究;超塑成形与焊接方法的组合成形技术研究,其中着重介绍了超塑成形与扩散连接(SPF/DB)和超塑成形与激光焊接(SPF/LW)的组合应用以及有限元模拟技术在超塑成形中的应用;文章的最后对TC4钛合金超塑成形的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于红外热成像的TC4钛合金光纤激光焊接接头拉伸力学性能研究

对光纤激光焊接2.5mm厚TC4对接接头的拉伸力学性能进行研究,其研究方法为在常规的拉伸试验中,附加同步的红外热像测量,实时记录拉伸全过程中试样在力作用下温度场的变化。常规测试结果表明:接头与母材的强度相当,延伸率只达到母材的59.53%。试样温度场测试结果表明:当接头和母材受到的轴向载荷低于屈服强度对应载荷时,接头在热影响区部位会产生较大的应力集中,但接头和母材均未产生明显的塑性变形;当载荷等于屈服强度对应载荷时,均在宏观屈服点之前发生了微观的塑性变形;当载荷等于抗拉强度对应载荷时,接头发生剧烈塑性变形区域的长度只达到母材的35%,且接头与母材发生剧烈塑性变形区域的长度随拉伸过程的进行逐渐增加。     

双轴滚弯成形机成形过程与设计

通过分析板料双轴滚弯成形的变形机理，提出双轴滚弯成形有关参数的确定方法与滚轴设计的原则。     

基于神经网络建立液态挤压成形管、棒材工艺参数知识库

 采用人工神经网络方法,将８１组实验数据用于神经网络的建模及检测,建立了液态挤压成形管、棒材工艺参数知识库,可以对该工艺的关键参数进行较为准确的预测,从而为推动该金属成形新工艺的实际应用奠定了基础。     

钣金零件橡皮囊液压成形技术研究和应用现状

橡皮囊液压成形是钣金成形的主要方法之一,在飞机上有大量橡皮囊液压成形的钣金零件。橡皮囊液压成形工艺制造水平的提升,能大幅提高钣金零件的表面质量和疲劳寿命,从而改善飞机的整体性能。针对国内外橡皮囊液压成形工艺的研究现状进行总结,介绍了橡皮囊液压成形工艺的特点及应用领域,重点从钣金材料成形性能及工艺参数、成形缺陷、有限元仿真建模等方面综述了橡皮囊液压成形工艺的相关研究成果,对今后开展橡皮囊液压成形技术研究提供指导。     

异种金属材料磁脉冲焊接技术

通过对磁脉冲焊接技术结合机理的阐述,采用5A03Al-5A06Al、1050Al-AZ31Mg异种金属材料进行焊接试验.对所得的焊接接头进行气密性试验和剥离试验,检测其结合质量;结合光学显微镜,对比分析Al-Al、Al-Mg焊接接头的微观形貌特点;并采用SEM/EDS分析界面附近的元素分布;最后通过硬度试验,检测接头界...     

复合材料长桁机械成型工艺

复合材料自动化成型技术在提高复合材料生产效率、降低复合材料制造成本等方面都具有明显优势,为了改进传统生产效率低、质量稳定性差的缺点,利用设计的长桁机械成型设备制备预成型制件,研究了预成型速率以及预成型温度等工艺参数对于成型制件质量的影响,通过尺寸测量、金相分析等方法表征制件拐角厚度、纤维体积分数、孔隙率、纤维偏转变形等参数。结果表明:97℃预成型温度、1~3 mm/min预成型速率、[90°/45°/0°/-45°]2s铺层方式、2. 99 mm成型间距是较优的成型工艺参数,采用此工艺参数制造的制件厚度均匀、孔隙缺陷少、纤维偏转变形小、质量良好,在铺层表面添加聚四氟乙烯布保护层可以有效改善45°方向铺层出现的纤维偏转变形问题。     

变形机理图的研究进展及发展趋势

变形机理图又称为塑性变形的相图,它对材料变形过程的预报对于材料成形科学基础研究具有重要的意义。文中分别对Ashby、Langdon-Mohamed、Ruano-Wadsworth-Sherby、含位错数量的R-W-S变形机理图的构建方法、使用条件及特点进行了介绍。为变形机理图在实际生产中的应用提供了理论基础。     

基于形状改变比能和材料属性离散的焊接残余应力估算

为了提高焊接残余应力测量精度,在2219-T87铝合金TIG焊接接头残余应力测定试验基础上,通过离散接头材料属性并利用形状改变比能对焊接残余应力进行塑性修正,分别研究孔边塑性变形和接头强度不匹配对焊接残余应力估算的影响。结果表明：同时考虑孔边塑性变形和接头强度不匹配因素的焊接残余应力估算方法,比线弹性残余应力计算方法能最大减小39.8%的误差;当测量点距焊缝距离小于8mm时,在考虑孔边塑性变形的情况下,同时考虑接头不匹配的影响相比不考虑其影响可最大减小40.6%的误差;当测量点距焊缝距离大于8mm时,可忽略接头强度不匹配对焊接残余应力估算的影响。