某型发动机零组件电火花磨削工艺探讨

本文通过试验阐述了采用电火花加工工艺对某型发动机的蜂窝结构、深窄槽及窄筋板类零组件加工的可能性。     

航空用圆弧端齿工程设计初步研究

圆弧端齿具有承载能力强、定心精度高、拆装简便等诸多优点,而广泛应用于航空发动机及燃气轮机的转子联接结构。以圆弧端齿工程应用为目标,结合航空发动机用圆弧端齿的设计和使用经验,对带环槽圆弧端齿的结构设计、初步强度设计,以及圆弧端齿副的互换性设计进行了研究,提炼、归纳了带环槽圆弧端齿工程设计应重点关注的问题,并提出一种解决不同设备加工圆弧端齿副具有互换性问题的可行方法。     

加工工艺对航空发动机燃油喷嘴性能的影响研究

介绍了喷嘴主要构件的技术要求和加工工艺。通过试验得到喷嘴的流量特性、喷雾锥角、索特尔平均直径的分布规律。喷嘴的SMD随供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,SMD趋于不变;喷雾锥角基本不随压力的改变而改变。对10个试验喷嘴测量数据的拟合和方差分析结果表明:喷嘴流量与喷口半径的平方、旋流槽截面积成比例。在生产中,可以按小公差加工喷口和旋流槽,流量不足时,可采取加大旋流槽尺寸或增大研磨喷口(尢其是主喷口)的半径的措施,以增大喷雾锥角。     

圆弧端齿结构设计和加工工艺研究进展与展望

圆弧端齿广泛应用于航空发动机轴系连接,研究其结构设计方法和加工工艺对分析航空发动机转子动力学特性具有重要意义。首先,分析了圆弧端齿结构设计理论,建立了圆弧端齿基本结构参数表述图表,对比了参数化设计方法的异同。其次,介绍了齿面应力仿真分析和试验验证情况,列举了新型结构设计实例,揭示了结构设计技术存在的问题并提出了解决途径。然后,采用弹性平均法解释了圆弧端齿的定心原理,介绍了定心精度分析、装配累积误差分析研究现状和应用情况。最后,评述了圆弧端齿加工工艺方法、加工设备、检测设备、检测方法,指出了当前存在的问题和可能的研究方向。研究结果表明:针对转子设计需求,应系统考虑圆弧端齿结构对转子动力学特性的影响;如果能够解决铣加工精度问题,采用通用设备加工圆弧端齿更具有成本优势;针对精细化检测的迫切需求,需要加快对新型检测方法的研究和探索。     

TAPS/MLDI低污染燃烧室油雾特性

采用粒子图像测速仪对一个带多点贫油直接喷射双环预混旋流燃烧室头部的低污染燃烧室油雾场进行了测量,试验研究不同燃油喷射方式时燃油流量变化对油雾特性的影响.结果表明:在试验工况下,粒径40μm左右的油珠数目最多,大于或小于此粒径的油珠数目都较少;单开值班级喷嘴时,随着燃油流量增加,燃油雾化变差;单开主燃级喷嘴时,增加燃油流量使燃油雾化稍有改善.同时打开值班级和主燃级喷嘴,保持油气比不变时,值班级和主燃级燃油量分配比例改变对燃油雾化特性的影响不大.      

机匣和环形件T型槽加工技术

对机匣和环形件T型槽的主要结构特点、工艺难点、成组加工技术、数控加工技术和特窄T型槽加工做了比较详细的介绍，积累了丰富的加工经验。     

大长宽比深窄槽电解加工阴极结构设计

为解决钛合金大长宽比深窄槽电解加工过程中阴极结构刚性差的问题,设计了内部带有加强筋的镂空片状阴极结构,并采用单向流固耦合法研究了加强筋数量、加强筋与侧壁夹角对阴极整体刚性的影响规律。仿真结果表明,阴极结构添加3根加强筋时,阴极整体刚性得到显著提高。另外,阴极整体刚性随加强筋与侧壁夹角的增大而降低,综合阴极变形量与最大等效应力,确定了加强筋与侧壁夹角为45°时,阴极结构具有良好的刚性,能够满足试验要求。最后,采用自主研制的试验系统开展了大长宽比深窄槽电解加工工艺试验,选用优化后的阴极结构,可加工出长宽比11∶1、深宽比9∶1的深窄槽结构。     

角度头在航空结构件数控加工中的应用

本文详细分析了角度头在复杂结构特征上应用的加工工艺,并给出了角度头初始安装位置确定方法。以铝合金零件缘条和筋条侧面孔为例进行了应用验证,结果表明,角度头加工技术应用为航空结构件空间狭窄区域、高精度侧边孔、难加工深槽结构的加工提供了方法。     

次摆线走刀在高速铣削窄槽结构中的应用

在阐述次摆线参数方程的基础上,基于CAM/HSM技术,将次摆线走刀方式应用于窄槽结构的高速铣削试验中,研究了次摆线走刀的铣削力变化规律、窄槽结构的表面粗糙度及其局部形貌,并建立了次摆线走刀高速铣削窄槽结构的铣削力模型。研究表明:次摆线走刀高速铣削窄槽结构有效可行,加工出了高质量的窄槽型腔表面(Ra=0.142μm);次摆线走刀的铣削力呈周期变化,在走刀平面内,次摆线切削宽度方向上的铣削力是进刀宽度方向上的4倍;采用次摆线走刀加环切走刀策略加工窄槽结构,既改善了窄槽的铣削加工条件,又满足了高速铣削粗精加工的要求和原则。     

钛合金飞机结构件切削技术发展趋势

为满足隐身、长寿命以及结构轻量化等方面的性能要求,钛合金结构件在现代飞机设计中被大量应用(如图1所示).钛合金飞机结构件主要包括框、梁、壁板等,主要有轮廓尺寸大、槽腔多、槽腔深、壁薄且通常具有变斜角理论曲面等结构特点,数控加工时材料去除率高达90％ ～95％,薄壁、深槽腔特征占80％以上,为典型的弱刚性结构,加工状态极不稳定.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.