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We derived a theoretical solution of the shock stand-off distance for a non-equilibrium flow over spheres based on Wen and Hornung’s solution and Olivier’s solution. Compared with previous approaches, the main advantage of the present approach is allowing an analytic solution without involving any semi-empirical parameter for the whole non-equilibrium flow regimes. The effects of some important physical quantities therefore can be fully revealed via the analytic solution. By combining the current solution with Ideal Dissociating Gas (IDG) model, we investigate the effects of free stream kinetic energy and free stream dissociation level (which can be very different between different facilities) on the shock stand-off distance. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2016,(2):297-304
Compressible starting flow at small angle of attack(Ao A) involves small amplitude waves and time-dependent lift coefficient and has been extensively studied before. In this paper we consider hypersonic starting flow of a two-dimensional flat wing or airfoil at large angle of attack involving strong shock waves. The flow field in some typical regions near the wing is solved analytically. Simple expressions of time-dependent lift evolutions at the initial and final stages are given. Numerical simulations by compuational fluid dynamics are used to verify and complement the theoretical results. It is shown that below the wing there is a straight oblique shock(OSW) wave,a curved shock wave(CSW) and an unsteady horizontal shock wave(USW), and the latter moves perpendicularlly to the wing. The length of these three parts of waves changes with time. The pressure above OSW is larger than that above USW, while across CSW there is a significant drop of the pressure, making the force nearly constant during the initial period of time. When, however, the Mach number is very large, the force coefficient tends to a time-independent constant, proportional to the square of the sine of the angle of attack. 相似文献
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Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a single wedge, the present study considers oblique shock interactions attached to double wedges in a hypersonic combustible flow. The temperature/pressure increases sharply across the interaction zone that initiates an exothermic reaction, finally resulting in an Oblique Detonation Wav... 相似文献
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A series of cross-sectional flow fields of Counterrotating Vortex Pairs(CVPs) generated by a large-scale ramp vortex generator is observed using an ice-cluster-based Planar Laser Scattering(PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal flow Mach number of 6. Combined with a numerical simulation, two streamwise CVPs with opposite rotating directions are identified in the wake flow of the vortex generator with an absence of a boundary layer, namely, a Primary CVP(PCVP) and a Secondary CVP(SCVP). Th... 相似文献
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This paper examines the Shock/Shock Interactions (SSI) between the body and wing of aircraft in supersonic flows. The body is simplified to a flat wedge and the wing is assumed to be a sharp wing. The theoretical spatial dimension reduction method, which transforms the 3D problem into a 2D one, is used to analyze the SSI between the body and wing. The temperature and pressure behind the Mach stem induced by the wing and body are obtained, and the wave configurations in the corner are determined. Numerical validations are conducted by solving the inviscid Euler equations in 3D with a Non-oscillatory and Non-free-parameters Dissipative (NND) finite difference scheme. Good agreements between the theoretical and numerical results are obtained. Additionally, the effects of the wedge angle and sweep angle on wave configurations and flow field are considered numerically and theoretically. The influences of wedge angle are significant, whereas the effects of sweep angle on wave configurations are negligible. This paper provides useful information for the design and thermal protection of aircraft in supersonic and hypersonic flows. 相似文献
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二维非常规压缩型面超/高超声速进气道的设计概念 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
为了提高满足一定尺寸要求的进气道的性能,提出了一种非常规压缩型面进气道,并用数值模拟手段对该进气道和常规的二维斜楔式进气道的性能进行了比较。数值模拟结果表明,设计工况下该进气道能够获得跟常规二维斜楔式进气道大致相当的气动性能。非设计工况下,该进气道性能优于常规进气道。一体化设计时,该进气道对保持前机体来流附面层的稳定性十分有利。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2021,34(5):504-509
The interaction length induced by Shock Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions (SWTBLIs) in the hypersonic flow was investigated using a scaling analysis, in which the interaction length normalized by the displacement thickness of boundary layer was correlated with a corrected non-dimensional separation criterion across the interaction after accounting for the wall temperature effects. A large number of hypersonic SWTBLIs were compiled to examine the scaling analysis over a wide range of Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers, and wall temperatures. The results indicate that the hypersonic SWTBLIs with low Reynolds numbers collapse on the supersonic SWTBLIs, while the hypersonic cases with high Reynolds numbers show a more rapid growth of the interaction length than that with low Reynolds numbers. Thus, two scaling relationships are identified according to different Reynolds numbers for the hypersonic SWTBLIs. The scaling analysis provides valuable guidelines for engineering prediction of the interaction length, and thus, enriches the knowledge of hypersonic SWTBLIs. 相似文献
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为指导V形溢流唇口下游的进气道内部流动分析,采用数值模拟开展V形尖前缘对二维斜激波入射平板边界层流动的影响研究。以气流偏转角6°的二元楔面为基准激波发生器,设计了展向气流收缩角α(0°~60°, 0°对应二元构型)的V形前缘构型,开展对比研究。结果表明,V形前缘构型使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀、流动具有明显三维特征,并且干扰区壁面压强上升、分离区尺度明显增大。在α=0°~60°范围内,干扰区流动的不均匀程度、分离区尺度随α增大单调增加。进一步分析表明,V形前缘构型干扰具有中间平直、侧边斜掠的耦合入射特性,体现为对称面壁面压强符合自由干扰理论,侧边斜掠入射区参数符合斜掠干扰的锥形流特征。对比二元与α=45°构型的无粘模拟结果,V形前缘会诱导展向两侧对称的斜掠激波、并在对称面相互干扰产生平直的“桥”激波,这使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀并偏向下游。其中对称面处平直入射激波压升比(2.49)高于二元构型结果(2.24),侧边斜掠激波强度与二元构型基本一致。这些因素综合导致V形前缘构型的分离尺度增大。 相似文献
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为了研究高超声速进气道的脉冲起动特性,对二元高超声速进气道在脉冲风洞中流场建立过程进行了数值模拟,并根据运动激波关系式建立了双波结构数学模型,分析了进气道脉冲起动过程中双波结构的产生及传播过程。研究表明通过理论计算得到的双波结构气动参数与仿真结果基本一致。结合仿真发现进气道脉冲起动过程流场的主要特征包括:运动激波与斜激波相交、激波/边界层相互干扰以及分离包的空间位置和自身体积变化、进气道自起动过程等。另外结合双波结构计算模型,通过仿真研究了影响双波结构流动参数及影响进气道脉冲起动特性的因素,发现初始条件影响进气道的脉冲起动特性主要是通过改变双波结构的强度实现的。 相似文献
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为研究前缘钝度及模型尺度对流场结构的影响,采用了长度为0.3 m和0.6 m的三级压缩楔模型,前缘半径分别为0,0.5,1,1.5,3 mm,在0.6 m激波风洞中利用高速阴影摄像获得了系列流场结构照片,清晰地显示了激波结构。试验条件为马赫数5.98,总温670 K,总压6.56MPa。数据结果表明,随着前缘半径的增加,第一道激波角增大,第二和第三道激波角减小;存在明显的模型尺度影响,在同等钝度条件下(尖前缘除外),两个尺度模型的第一道激波角相差迭0.4°,第二道和第三道激波角最大可相差0.5°。流场照片显示,在拐角处存在激波边界层干扰,造成第二、三道激波根部弯曲,随前缘半径增加,弯曲程度和影响区域增大。 相似文献
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为了缩短组合动力系统内外流一体化数值仿真时间,加快高超声速飞行器的研制进度,基于商业软件发展了一种飞行器进/排气系统多维仿真与发动机等效一维模型相结合的TBCC推进系统变维度一体化数值仿真方法,其中进/排气系统采用多维数值仿真,涡轮发动机采用部件特性的数学模型,冲压发动机采用准一维数学模型,结合商业软件通过边界条件调用,实现变维度一体化数值仿真。数值仿真对比分析表明:TBCC推进系统等效一维模型模拟结果与GasTurb 10和风洞试验结果变化规律一致吻合较好,误差不大于3.0%;采用变维度数值模拟方法对某TBCC推进系统沿飞行轨迹加速爬升过程的分析表明,进气道总收缩比从2.0增大到5.5,喷管面积比从1.2增大到7.8。涡轮模态时,TBCC喷管出现明显过膨胀现象;冲压模态时,喷管的落压比随马赫数增大从8.3逐渐增大至20.4,过膨胀现象减弱,从而验证了多维与一维耦合数值仿真方法的可行性。 相似文献
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In the design of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet by applying the traditional basic flowfield, a reflected shock-wave is formed in the isolator due to the continuous reflection of the cowlreflected shock wave in the basic flow-field, which interacts with the boundary layer to produce a considerable influence on the performance of the inlet. Here, a basic flow-field design method that can control the velocity direction at the throat section is developed, and numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. The method presented in this paper can achieve the absorption of the reflected waves at the shoulder of the basic flow-field by adjusting the variation law of the center radius in the basic flow-field, and a smooth transition between the compression surface and the isolator can also be produced. The Mach number and total pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet designed according to this method are 3.00 and 0.657, respectively, at design point(the incoming flow Mach number Ma1= 6.0). The results show that with this method, the inlet can efficiently weaken both the reflection of the shock wave and the interaction between the boundary layer and the reflected shock waves, which improves the aerodynamic performance of the inlet. 相似文献
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不等熵一维定常管流数值解法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
不等熵一维定常管流控制方程的数值解法,已有许多讨论,但大多局限于某些特定情况,特别是控制方程在奇点(M=1)附近的计算,还没有一个简便的方法.本文引进新变量,把方程变为非奇异的,提出了对各种不等熵流都适用的数值解法.由于引进了喉部条件,保证了数值解的唯一性.经过对模型方程的计算精度分析,证明该数值解除了在奇点附近稍有误差外,其它地方与精确解一致.本文最后给出了该方法在无喷管发动机内弹道计算中的应用. 相似文献
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针对多体模型分离流动干扰机理问题,本文应用高速流场空间与壁面测试技术,对多体模型空中分离时面临的气动干扰问题开展了风洞试验研究。研究结果表明:空中分离流场气动干扰的本质特征源自高超声速流与多体运动界面相互作用的结果,具体表现形式可归结为三种典型气动干扰形式:(1)缝隙流的小尺度效应;(2)激波诱导边界层分离;(3)激波/激波干扰与激波/边界层干扰耦合。三种典型气动干扰形式会因为飞行器相对位置变化而相互转换,从而引起空中分离流场动力学性能变化,进而影响飞行器空中分离的安全性。 相似文献
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针对高超声速进气道激波串与肩部分离泡相互作用时的流动振荡问题,在来流马赫数为6的激波风洞中,采用高速纹影拍摄结合壁面动态压力测量,研究了有/无抽吸情况下激波串与肩部分离泡的相互作用过程。结果表明:当激波串前移至肩部附近时,有抽吸进气道也会产生大尺度的分离泡,进而有/无抽吸进气道内的激波串均会与肩部分离泡形成耦合振荡,并造成严重的脉动压力。在激波串的推动下,分离泡能够自由地越过肩部凸拐角,使得其自身的低频振荡特性能够显现。激波串内的压力波动会显著改变分离泡的形态,而分离泡形态的变化又会影响激波串内的压力,两者相互耦合从而维持这种低频振荡。无抽吸进气道具有相同的低频耦合振荡特性;而抽吸缝阻碍了上下游的信息传递,使得有抽吸进气道的分离泡低频振荡显著,而激波串振荡具有一定的宽频特性。经分离激波振荡范围和进气道入口速度无量纲后,有/无抽吸进气道低频耦合振荡的St均处于0.011~0.021,与经典分离泡的低频振荡特性相当。 相似文献