海杂波背景下小目标检测及其运动信息的提取

介绍了在基于Hough变换的检测前跟踪算法检测海杂波背景下的低可观测目标的基础上,将动态规划方法引入其中,从每一条“特征直线”所包含的数据点迹中提取最可能构成目标点迹的数据点的方法。仿真结果表明,将Hough变换与基于动态规划的航迹搜索相结合,能够提高低信噪比条件下的目标检测概率,并能比较准确地提取出目标点迹。然后对提取出来的目标点迹进行Kalman滤波,以估计目标的速度,从而为后续的检测与跟踪提供比较准确的目标信息。     

一种基于新三维随机Hough变换的航迹起始算法

针对雷达跟踪多目标时,目标点迹受杂波、噪声等因素影响,航迹起始难度大的问题,利用三维空间直线表示方法提出了一种4参数三维Hough变换算法.该算法是对传统二维Hough变换的拓展,它结合了传统的二维随机Hough变换理论,是一种新的三维随机Hough变换算法.通过该算法对理论数据和实测数据进行验证,结果表明,对于航迹区别较大的目标,该算法的航迹起始成功概率为98.5％;对于空间航迹相近的目标,该算法可成功将目标航迹从杂波中提取出来,虽然可能会出现航迹混淆,但利用目标先验信息可解决该问题,实现航迹起始.     

临近空间高超声速多目标检测前跟踪算法

针对临近空间不同径向距离高超声速目标难以同时被有效检测的问题,提出一种通过峰值聚优改进Hough变换积累结果的检测前跟踪(TBD)算法。采用径向距离-时间坐标描述数据,减少量测误差影响,规格化坐标使2个维度处于同一量级。进行Hough变换,分割参数单元进行点数积累和能量积累,采用标签矩阵记录每个量测点曲线经过的参数单元,遍历所有量测点将每个量测点只存于其所能构成能量积累值最大的参数单元,得到新的点数积累和能量积累结果。只对点数积累空间设置门限提取目标航迹,进行航迹约束和合并,输出最终航迹。仿真结果显示,算法将3个目标全部检测出的概率可达到90%,具有较好的多目标检测性能。     

无先验信息的低轨空间目标航迹起始方法

针对光学观测中缺乏预报信息的低轨道空间目标自动识别捕获问题,提出一种基于修正Hough变换的空间目标航迹起始方法,从而实现空间目标的自动识别。首先利用背景恒星运动规律对观测数据进行预处理,剔除大部分背景恒星。再利用观测数据的时序信息、定向参数进行Hough变换。本方法并没有采用传统的Hough变换对所有参数空间中的数据点进行投票,而是仅对参数空间中部分点投票,可以大幅减少运算量和存储量。试验表明:该方法能够有效地抑制背景恒星产生的虚假航迹,并快速准确地完成无先验信息的低轨道空间目标的航迹起始;可以在光学观测中实现空间目标的自动识别捕获,以及实时发现新目标,这为低轨道空间目标光学观测的无人值守和联网观测奠定了技术基础。     

基于PTE的多雷达航迹融合算法

针对杂波背景下的多雷达航迹融合时局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的问题,提出基于目标存在概率（PTE）的航迹融合算法,提升了正确航迹率和跟踪精度。首先,通过综合概率数据关联得到单接收站的目标航迹估计集合和对应的目标存在概率。然后,在局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的条件下,基于PTE信息提出不带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。进而将前一帧的融合状态进行反馈,提出带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

一种基于修正Hough变换的航迹起始算法

为了在重杂波区内检测出运动的目标,提出了一种修正的Hough变换算法用于初始航迹的建立。与传统的算法相比,修正算法充分利用目标的运动学信息,选取了更为合适的变换参量,仅利用较少拍数的量测就可以完成起始,能够在检测概率较高的环境下具有良好的起始性能。计算机仿真结果表明,算法能够克服传统算法的多拍扫描,大大缩短实际的计算量和起始时间,实现对航迹起始的在线改进。     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

基于运动状态的航迹起始算法研究

 针对传统的基于逻辑的航迹起始方法在量测扩展过程中存在的弊端,提出了基于目标运动状态的航迹起始算法,并给出了更为精确的起始波门构造方法。利用目标的位置信息形成候选目标航迹,在候选目标航迹扩展过程中,采用提出的修正Hough变换提取目标状态信息,并根据目标〖JP2〗的状态信息对候选航迹进行检验。仿真结果表明,该算法比其他基于逻辑的方法有更低的虚警概率,并且对存储空间要求低,适于工程应用。     

纯方位二维目标跟踪的航迹起始算法

 针对传统航迹起始算法在纯方位目标定位和跟踪系统应用中存在的弊端,提出了一种完全基于角度量测的快速航迹起始算法。该方法通过深入分析目标在角度坐标下的运动特性,给出了全新的关联门构造方法。该波门技术有效提高了纯方位二维目标真实量测的确认效率,极大限制了虚假航迹随密集杂波的扩张。利用此波门,通过基于逻辑的方法对仅有角度量测的目标航迹进行扩展。该方法有效地解决了角度坐标系下机动目标的航迹起始分辨率下降的问题,为基于单个被动传感器纯方位跟踪系统进行快速、准确的航迹起始提供了新的思路。仿真结果及实际应用表明了此算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于相对位置矢量的群目标灰色精细航迹起始算法

为解决群内目标精细航迹起始的难题,基于对传统航迹起始算法及现有群目标航迹起始算法优缺点的分析,给出了完整的群目标航迹起始框架,并提出了一种基于相对位置矢量的群目标灰色精细航迹起始算法。首先基于循环阈值模型、群中心点进行群的预分割、预关联,然后对预关联成功的群搜索对应坐标系,建立群中各量测的相对位置矢量,基于灰色精细互联模型完成群内量测的互联,最后基于航迹确认规则得到群目标状态矩阵。经仿真数据验证,与修正的逻辑法、基于聚类和Hough变换的多编队航迹起始算法相比,该算法在起始真实航迹、抑制虚假航迹及杂波鲁棒性等方面综合性能更优。     

A multi-frame track-before-detect algorithm based on root label clustering for multiple targets

In this paper, a novel multi-frame track-before-detect algorithm is proposed, which is based on root label clustering to reduce the high computational complexity arising by observation area expansion and clutter/noise density increase. A criterion of track extrapolation is used to construct state transition set, root label is marked by state transition set to obtain the distribution information of multiple targets in measurement space, then measurement plots of multi-frame are divided into sever...     

Bearings-only tracking of maneuvering targets using abatch-recursive estimator

We present a new batch-recursive estimator for tracking maneuvering targets from bearings-only measurements in clutter (i.e., for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) targets), Standard recursive estimators like the extended Kalman Iter (EKF) suffer from poor convergence and erratic behavior due to the lack of initial target range information, On the other hand, batch estimators cannot handle target maneuvers. In order to rectify these shortcomings, we combine the batch maximum likelihood-probabilistic data association (ML-PDA) estimator with the recursive interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator with probabilistic data association (PDA) to result in better track initialization as well as track maintenance results in the presence of clutter. It is also demonstrated how the batch-recursive estimator can be used for adaptive decisions for ownship maneuvers based on the target state estimation to enhance the target observability. The tracking algorithm is shown to be effective for targets with 8 dB SNR     

基于固有模态函数频域熵的目标检测算法

为提高海杂波中慢速目标的检测性能,提出了一种基于固有模态函数(IMF)频域熵的目标检测算法。该算法对原始信号经 EMD分解后得到的固有模态函数采用 Fourier变换,自动地提取其各个分量的频域能量,以此获得 IMF能量分布特点,再运用信息熵的方法构建检验统计量,并将其输入非参量检测器中进行目标检测。研究结果表明,相比于海杂波、海尖峰,慢速目标的能量分布更为分散,熵值更大,对比频域广义符号(GS)检测算法,所提 方法检测性能更优,适用于慢速目标检测。     

EM-ML algorithm for track initialization using possibly noninformative data

Initializing and maintaining a track for a low observable (LO) (low SNR, low target detection probability and high false alarm rate) target can be very challenging because of the low information content of measurements. In addition, in some scenarios, target-originated measurements might not be present in many consecutive scans because of mispointing, target maneuvers, or erroneous preprocessing. That is, one might have a set of noninformative scans that could result in poor track initialization and maintenance. In this paper an algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm combined with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is presented for tracking slowly maneuvering targets in heavy clutter and possibly noninformative scans. The adaptive sliding-window EM-ML approach, which operates in batch mode, tries to reject or weight down noninformative scans using the Q-function in the M-step of the EM algorithm. It is shown that target features in the form of, for example, amplitude information (AI), can also be used to improve the estimates. In addition, performance bounds based on the supplemented EM (SEM) technique are also presented. The effectiveness of new algorithm is first demonstrated on a 78-frame long wave infrared (LWIR) data sequence consisting of an Fl Mirage fighter jet in heavy clutter. Previously, this scenario has been used as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of other track initialization algorithms. The new EM-ML estimator confirms the track by frame 20 while the ML-PDA (maximum likelihood estimator combined with probabilistic data association) algorithm, the IMM-MHT (interacting multiple model estimator combined with multiple hypothesis tracking) and the EVIM-PDA estimator previously required 28, 38, and 39 frames, respectively. The benefits of the new algorithm in terms of accuracy, early detection, and computational load are illustrated using simulated scenarios as well.     

Search radar detection and track with the Hough transform. I.system concept

A method of viewing search radar signals and data is described and analyzed in which the image processing technique of the Hough transform is used to extract detections and simultaneous tracks from multi-dimensional data maps. System design concepts are considered and simulation examples are given that illustrate the concept. The technique offers many advantages when compared with more traditional techniques. These advantages include improved detection, a solution to the range walk problem, flexibility of implementation, elimination of slow scan-rate latency and automatic track acquisition without revisit. The concept is similar to track-before-detect algorithms that use preliminary information from previous scans to aid in target declarations     

SMALL TARGET TRACKING TECHNIQUE WITH DATA FUSION OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NET

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