周向槽机匣对轴流压气机转子畸变响应特性的影响

基于给定的进气周向总压畸变谱,应用全三维数值计算方法,研究了周向槽处理机匣对NWPU-1轴流压气机转子容畸变特性的影响,初步揭示了其在进气周向总压畸变条件下的失速机理。结果表明,在均匀进气条件下,周向槽处理机匣对叶尖间隙泄漏涡形成和发展的抑制是其扩稳的主要原因;在进气周向总压畸变条件下,该轴流压气机转子失速的主要原因是畸变引起的攻角变化,造成部分叶片的负荷过重,由于周向槽处理机匣的作用主要在叶尖部分,所以并不能有效的扩大该压气机转子的稳定工作范围。     

Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow

Generally, casing treatment（CT） is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed（SPS） casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall.     

Numerical Investigation of Inlet Distortion on an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor with Circumferential Groove Casing Treatment

On the base of an assumed steady inlet circumferential total pressure distortion, three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulations are conducted on an axial flow subsonic compressor rotor. The performances and flow fields of a compressor rotor, either casing treated or untreated, are investigated in detail either with or without inlet pressure distortion. Results show that the circumferential groove casing treatment can expand the operating range of the compressor rotor either with or without inlet pressure distortion at the expense of a drop in peak isentropic efficiency. The casing treatment is capable of weakening or even removing the tip leakage vortex effectively either with or without inlet distortion. In clean inlet circumstances, the enhancement and forward movement of tip leakage vortex cause the untreated compressor rotor to stall. By contrast, with circumferential groove casing, the serious flow separation on the suction surface leads to aerodynamic stalling eventually. In the presence of inlet pressure distortion, the blade loading changes from passage to passage as the distorted inflow sector is traversed. Similar to the clean inlet circumstances, with a smooth wall casing, the enhancement and forward movement of tip leakage vortex are still the main factors which lead to the compressor rotor stalling eventually. When the rotor works trader near stall conditions, the blockage resulting from the tip leakage vortex in all the passages is very serious. Especially in several passages, flow-spillage is observed. Compared to the clean inlet circumstances, circumferential groove casing treatment can also eliminate the low energy zone in the outer end wall region effectively.     

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.     

带周向槽叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机容总压畸变特性

基于叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机叶排实验特性，应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型，对轴流压气机叶尖处理机匣容总压畸变特性进行了详细分析，并建立了处理机匣对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明，叶尖处理机匣虽能有效提高转子叶排抗总压畸变能力，但对其后的静子叶排抗畸变产生了明显不利影响，这对设计合理的扩大轴流压气机稳定裕度处理机匣结构尤为重要。     

进口畸变下新型处理机匣改善压气机性能的机理研究

为了揭示进口畸变下,处理机匣改善压气机性能的机理,采用全通道非定常计算方法研究了进口畸变时新型处理机匣-自适应流通处理机匣对亚声速轴流压气机性能及流场的影响,数值模拟中进口总压畸变通过在进口径向段布置栏杆实现。数值结果表明,进口畸变后采用自适应流通处理机匣能够提高转子的性能,其中效率的增加效果比总压比的明显,并获得近6.8%的综合失速裕度改进量。通过详细地分析压气机内部流场表明,处理机匣后使部分叶顶通道吸力面附面层分离起始位置向后缘移动,最大后移距离约为11%叶顶弦长,削弱了叶顶通道由气流分离造成的不良影响,并抑制叶顶间隙泄漏流从相邻叶片叶顶前缘的溢出,当喷气装置对准叶片通道时,其抑制前缘溢流的效果才是最佳的。     

部分处理机匣的性能预估模型

利用进气畸变平行压气机理论划分子压气机的思想,将部分处理机匣压气机沿周向分为处理机匣子压气机和实壁机匣子压气机,再由动量守恒和能量守恒求得部分处理机匣压气机出口参数,并依据失速点流量与处理区周向角度呈线性关系的实验结论提出部分处理机匣性能预估模型假设.模型预估与实验对比结果表明:预估特性与实验特性曲线在整体趋势上一致.跨声速条件下98%设计转速峰值效率预估偏差小于0.5%,综合裕度预估偏差小于0.6%.      

带导流叶排的轴流压气机级叶尖处理机匣容畸变特性

基于叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机叶排实验特性,应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型,分析了进口导流叶排对叶尖处理机匣结构容总压畸变特性影响,初步建立了在进口导流叶排下几种处理机匣结构对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明,叶尖处理机匣虽均能有效提高压气机级的稳定工作范围,但削弱了转子叶排和静子叶排的抗总压畸变能力,这对设计合理的扩大轴流压气机稳定裕度处理机匣结构尤为重要。      

整体涡旋流对跨声速压气机Stage 67影响的定常数值仿真研究

为研究不同旋流强度的整体涡旋流畸变对跨声速压气机的影响,本文采用定常数值仿真的方法,基于一种整体涡旋流畸变发生器与Stage67跨声速压气机展开联合仿真研究。通过改变旋流畸变发生器叶片角度,可以模拟不同强度的整体涡旋流畸变流场,在不同旋流进气工况下得到了压气机的压比、效率特性曲线,并针对流场细节进行分析,研究其失速机理。结果表明：同向整体涡有效降低近失速点叶顶通道堵塞程度,使叶片流动损失减小,压气机稳定裕度扩大;反向整体涡加剧叶背气流流动分离程度,引起吸力面尾部低速区面积扩大,导致叶顶堵塞程度的显著加剧,通道流动损失增加明显,造成压气机稳定裕度下降。     

缝式机匣处理对对转压气机的扩稳机理

为探索缝式机匣处理在对转压气机中的适用性,采用数值模拟的方法研究了缝式机匣处理对对转压气机气动性能和稳定裕度的影响。通过分析缝式机匣处理对压气机总体性能和叶尖流场的影响,以揭示缝式机匣处理在对转压气机中的扩稳机理。研究表明：缝式机匣处理可以提高对转压气机的失速裕度,机匣处理的轴向位置对对转压气机的气动性能和失速裕度有显著的影响。随着机匣处理的前移,对转压气机峰值效率的亏损逐渐减小,而失速裕度改善程度相差不大。机匣处理缝的抽吸和射流效应减弱了转子R2叶顶通道的堵塞程度,通过抑制叶尖泄漏流和二次泄漏流的发展以推迟失速的发生,进而实现扩稳。此外,缝式机匣处理时可能改变该对转压气机的最先失速级,同时也证明了缝式机匣处理在变工况下扩稳的有效性。     

对转压气机中自循环机匣处理扩稳机理的研究

为拓宽自循环机匣处理的适用范围,以对转压气机为研究对象,采用数值方法研究了自循环机匣处理的扩稳机理和轴向喷气位置对其扩稳能力的影响,详细分析了自循环机匣处理前后对转压气机的总体特性和转子叶尖流场的变化.结果表明:对最先失速的转子配置自循环机匣处理可以获得可观的裕度改善,但轴向喷气位置对扩稳效果和压气机的气动性能均有显著...     

Adaptive feedback control of stability in an axial compressor with circumferential inlet distortion

The adaptive feedback control of stability with circumferential inlet distortion has been experimentally investigated in a low-speed, axial compressor. The flat-baffles with different span heights are used to simulate different distorted inflow cases. Compared with auto-correlation and root-mean-square analysis, cross-correlation analysis used to predict early stall warning does not depend on the distortion position. Hence, the cross-correlation coefficient was used to monitor the stable status of the compressor and provide the feedback signal in the active control strategy when suffering from different distortions. Based on the stall margin improvement of tip air injection obtained under different distorted inflow cases and the sensitivity analysis of cross-correlation coefficients to injected momentum ratios, tip air injection was adopted as the actuator for adaptive feedback control. The digital signal processing controller was designed and applied to achieve adaptive feedback control in distorted inflow conditions. The results show that the adaptive feedback control of air injection nearly achieves the same stall margin improvement as steady air injection under different distortion intensities with a reduced injection mass flow. Thus, the proposed adaptive feedback control method is ideal for the engine operation with circumferential distorted inflow, which frequently occurs in flight.     

折线斜缝式机匣处理的实验研究及机理分析

本文在吸收了传统处理机匣优点的基础上,根据本校单级轴流压气机的结构参数,设计了一种新型的折线斜缝式处理机匣。在中低转速下,在单级轴流压气机上对其性能进行了详细的研究,得出了该种处理机匣的扩稳效果及轴向叠合量、背腔容积对压气机裕度及效率的影响。研究结果表明,该类处理机匣不仅可以有效的改进稳定工作裕度,而且可以使效率有所提高。文中对折线斜缝式机匣处理的机理也进行了分析。      

叶顶微喷气提高旋转畸变条件下低速轴流压气机失稳裕度的机理分析

对旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳特性进行了实验研究,结果表明,畸变影响区内叶顶泄漏流的前缘溢出造成了旋转失速的提前发生,缩减了压气机的失稳裕度.叶顶微喷气方法有效地提高了旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳裕度,其原因在于,实施叶顶微喷气后,临近失速时,压气机顶部畸变区诱发的分离团受到抑制,减少了其诱发旋转失速的可能性,从而实现扩稳目的.      

自循环机匣处理轴向位置影响扩稳能力的机理

为了揭示自循环机匣处理轴向位置影响压气机稳定性的流动机理,采用非定常数值方法研究了3种不同轴向位置对机匣处理（CT）扩稳能力的影响,结果表明:机匣处理喷气装置离叶顶前缘最近且在叶顶前缘上游的扩稳能力最强,喷气装置在叶顶前缘正上方的次之,喷气装置在叶顶前缘上游较远处的最弱,对应机匣处理获得的综合失速裕度改进量分别为9.40%,7.09%,5.49%.通过详细地分析压气机叶顶流场表明:喷气装置离叶顶前缘最近且在叶顶前缘上游的机匣处理施加有利影响程度最高的范围刚好覆盖叶顶前缘处,此处是引起转子失速的关键部位,因此抑制叶顶间隙泄漏流造成的堵塞的效果最好,对应的扩稳能力在3种机匣处理中最强.      

Effects of the radial blade loading distribution and B parameter on the type of flow instability in a low-speed axial compressor

Previous studies showed that an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance defined as partial surge may initiate the stall of a transonic compressor; to reveal the instability evolution under full-span incompressible flow for different levels of hub loading and B parameter, an experimental investigation is conducted on a single-stage low-speed compressor. Experimental results show that under a uniform inflow condition without inlet flow distortion, a modal-type stall inception dominates in this low-speed compressor. When an inlet screen introducing hub distortion is used to increase the hub loading, a compressor stall is initiated by a modal wave, but large disturbances are present in the hub region before the compressor stall, which become stronger as the hub loading increases. Under high hub loading and large B parameter (implemented by adding hub distortion through an inlet screen and enlarging the outlet plenum volume, respectively), a compressor stall is triggered by an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance, which is much different from the modal-like disturbances. The beginning of this axisymmetric disturbance may be captured over 800 rotor revolutions prior to the onset of stall, and the amplitude grows with time. The disturbance is hub-initiated because the disturbance signal at the hub is detected much earlier than that at the tip; meanwhile, the frequency of this axisymmetric disturbance changes with the length of the inlet duct. The characteristics of instability evolution in the low-speed compressor are also compared with those in a transonic compressor.     

轴向槽机匣处理提高离心压气机失速裕度的数值研究

为了提高-离心压气机设计转速下失速裕度,本文采用了轴向槽机匣处理方案,对实壁机匣和处理机匣压气机流场进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:(1)轴向槽机匣处理可以使离心压气机失速裕度提高12%,但同时也带了损失,压气机峰值效率损失了约3%;(2)轴向槽机匣处理改善了压气机尖部流场结构,抑制了由间隙泄露涡引起的主流通道阻塞,这是压气机失速裕度提高的主要原因.     

非对称处理机匣周向分区数的实验

为了改善传统的对称处理机匣对压气机"扩稳降效"的普遍现象,设计了五种周向分区数的非对称处理机匣。实验结果显示,非对称处理机匣的分区数对压气机的稳定裕度影响不大;而对效率和总压升影响较大:随着分区数增加,压气机的性能先增加后降低。其中一种优选结构的非对称处理机匣能使压气机的稳定裕度扩大13%,同时使其峰值效率提高0.8%。这种非对称处理机匣能取得明显优于轴对称处理机匣的"扩稳增效"的原因是它改变了处理槽对压气机叶尖作用的非定常信号。根据非定常耦合流动理论,其产生的独特的低频激励信号能够对压气机叶尖复杂的非定常流场产生耦合整流效果。     

非定常机匣处理扩大压气机稳定裕度实验

从非定常角度出发,设计了一种通过改变斜槽和气室来调节壁面阻抗边界条件的非定常处理机匣,并对其开展扩大轴流风扇/压气机旋转失速稳定性的实验研究.研究工作包括:对非定常处理机匣进行流量-压比特性实验,研究其扩稳效果;对处理机匣的结构参数(斜槽、气室)进行可调节特性实验;对机匣处理的效率特性进行实验评估.结果表明:这种非定常机匣处理在三台低速风扇/压气机实验台上,通过调节机匣参数,不仅能够实现在不同的工作转速下对压气机稳定裕度有显著效果,而且效率没有明显改变.      

多级轴流压气机彻体力模型——理论方法及简化应用

基于时间推进技术及有限体积法,将彻体力模型与基元叶栅法的思想相结合,提出了一个适用于预测大尺度进气畸变对多级轴流压气机气动性能及稳定性影响的三维数值计算模型。在进气条件轴对称的前提下,利用相应的简化模型重点分析了一台四级轴流压气机在均匀进气及叶尖径向总压畸变进气下的内部流场特征。均匀进气下的模型计算结果与相关试验结果相吻合。叶尖径向总压畸变进气下模型的计算结果表明:径向畸变在压气机流道内会发生显著的径向掺混作用,叶尖径向总压畸变对该压气机稳定性有显著恶化影响,随着畸变强度的增加,压气机稳定边界逐步下降。计算结果支持了该模型用于预测径向进气畸变影响的可能。