钛合金稀土阳极化成膜过程的电化学研究

 对钛合金稀土阳极氧化的电化学过程进行了研究;重点研究了钛合金稀土阳极氧化的成膜过程;分析了不同硫酸浓度,不同成膜电压条件下,电化学参数的变化,讨论了稀土阳极氧化膜的形成机理;通过对阳极氧化膜的 SEM微观形貌图及其他电化学参数的分析,推断氧化膜为分层结构;在一定温度和电压下,对电极电位的变化进行了研究,探讨了稀土阳极氧化膜的形成过程和导电机制;提出了稀土阳极氧化膜是由具有一定半导体特性和电容性的致密层与多孔层构成的,整个成膜过程中导电是由空穴、铈盐离子和溶液离子共同完成的。     

7B04铝合金在模拟海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为

海洋大气环境下铝合金的腐蚀本质上是薄液膜下的电化学腐蚀,与本体溶液中的腐蚀有很大不同,腐蚀速率与薄液膜的厚度及成分有关。建立并实验验证了薄液膜厚度、大气相对湿度和铝合金表面盐沉积量3者之间的关系,研究7B04铝合金在不同厚度和不同Na Cl浓度薄液膜下的电化学性能。结果表明,薄液膜下7B04铝合金的自然腐蚀电位较本体溶液中更容易达到稳定,且电位更正,自然腐蚀速率更大;液膜厚度减小,7B04铝合金阴极极化电流密度增加,阳极反应受到抑制;薄液膜中Na Cl浓度升高,7B04铝合金的自然腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀速率上升,而阴阳极极化过程受Na Cl浓度变化影响不大,当Na Cl质量分数达到5%后,自然腐蚀电位基本不再变化。     

部件冷却对二元俯仰矢量排气系统红外特征抑制实验

实验测试了采用中心锥气膜冷却和喷管冲击-气膜冷却的二元俯仰（2D-CD）矢量排气系统,在几何偏转0,10,20°三种角度下,壁面温度和红外辐射特征分布,并与未冷却状态进行了对比分析。结果表明:前密后疏的气膜孔排布形式可有效减小热侧面高温区域大小。中心锥冷却时,密流比为0.8条件下壁面冷却效率达45%~63%,排气系统尾向±10°范围内红外辐射强度下降20%;但是由于冷气流注入,导致下游壁面（隔热屏、喷管）温度升高,在30°探测方向上红外辐射强度上升15%。喷管冷却时,收敛段（密流比为0.25）冷却效率达19%~33%,扩张段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达75.5%~83.5%,侧壁段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达78%~90%,导致在排气系统尾向15°~75°范围内,红外辐射强度下降30%以上,最大降幅达80%（几何偏转20°,宽边探测面30°探测方向）。      

Electrochemical behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy under rotating condition with periodically fluctuating current density

Titanium alloy plays a crucial role in the electrochemical field due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The passivation and dissolution behaviors of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V（TA15） alloy in Na Cl solution were studied by simulating the electrochemical machining process in a rotating condition, which made the anode in a state with alternating high and low current density. Electron probe micro analysis, ultra-depth microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were u...     

MB26镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层性能

文摘利用扫描电镜、表面性能测试仪和电化学测试技术等研究了在铝酸盐电解液中,不同电流密度和氧化时间对MB26镁合金微弧氧化膜的表面形貌、厚度、结合力以及耐蚀性等性能的影响。结果表明:随氧化时间和电流密度的增加,MB26镁合金微弧氧化膜层中的微孔数量减少,但孔变深。膜层厚度随氧化时间和电流密度的增加而线性增加,但与基体的结合力随之降低。氧化膜的耐蚀性随氧化时间和电流密度的增加呈先增加而后减小的趋势,该合金在铝酸盐体系中微弧氧化的最佳工艺为电流密度0.2 A/cm2,氧化时间40 m in。     

Electrochemical micromachining of micro-dimple arrays on cylindrical inner surfaces using a dry-film photoresist

The application of surface textures has been employed to improve the tribological performance of various mechanical components. Various techniques have been used for the application of surface textures such as micro-dimple arrays, but the fabrication of such arrays on cylindrical inner surfaces remains a challenge. In this study, a dry-film photoresist is used as a mask during through-mask electrochemical micromachining to successfully prepare micro-dimple arrays with dimples 94 lm in diameter and 22.7 lm deep on cylindrical inner surfaces, with a machining time of 9 s and an applied voltage of 8 V. The versatility of this method is demonstrated, as are its potential low cost and high efficiency. It is also shown that for a fixed dimple depth, a smaller dimple diameter can be obtained using a combination of lower current density and longer machining time in a passivating sodium nitrate electrolyte.     

电铸-电解组合法加工双向喇叭孔阵列

为解决双向喇叭形金属微小孔阵列的高效低成本制造难题,提出了一种基于镂空型惰性金属模板的、由电铸加工与掩模电解加工步骤串接而成的组合式加工方法。基于建立的数学模型,在证实该组合加工可行性的基础上,进一步仿真分析与试验研究了惰性金属模板结构参数对被加工孔阵列几何结构形状的影响规律,并进行了参数优选,数值分析与试验结果基本一致。研究结果表明:被加工孔阵列的几何特征参数严重受惰性金属模板结构参数的影响;采用大厚度、大于90°开口角的惰性金属模板有利于获得最小孔径更小且出入口廓形对称性更好的双向喇叭形孔;模板筋宽越小,越易于实现大孔深、高对称性的双向喇叭孔;模板孔径越大,喇叭孔金属层的极限厚度越大,但出入口廓形的对称性越差。此外,在小筋宽、90°开口角的惰性金属模板上更易电解加工生成""形喇叭孔。基于优化的惰性金属模板,能电铸-电解组合加工出出入口廓形对称性好的、最小孔径比被复制模板孔小的、网片厚度大且表面光滑的双向喇叭形金属微小孔阵列,其进出口的对称度、孔径偏差与出口相对于最小孔径的扩口率等分别为88.8%、9.7%和110.1%。     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

TiNi基形状记忆合金薄膜的相变特征研究

利用磁控溅射的方法在单晶Si和非晶SiO2基片上制备了TiNi和TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄膜,并利用示差扫描量热法和基片曲率法研究了薄膜的相变特征及应力随温度的变化.研究结果表明450℃溅射形成的记忆合金薄膜具有良好的形状记忆效应,在微电子机械系统有很好的应用前景.TiNi薄膜降温时出现R相变,因而发生两步相变,而TiNiCu薄膜中马氏体和奥氏体间直接转变.基片以及薄膜成份对相变点有很大的影响.单晶Si片作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜和基片间有很好的结合力,而SiO2作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜容易剥落.     

镁合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜耐蚀性能评价

在含有硅酸钠、氟化钠、氢氧化钾及甘油的电解液中对镁合金进行微弧氧化处理得到陶瓷膜,利用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗、循环阳极极化曲线以及腐蚀失重等实验手段对镁合金基体及经过微弧氧化处理后的试样的耐蚀性进行评价.结果一致表明经微弧氧化处理后镁合金的耐蚀性显著提高.     

Influences of pulse frequency on formation and properties of composite anodic oxide films on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy

A thick composite anodic oxide film was fabricated in an environmentally friendly malic acid electrolyte containing PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) nanoparticles on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys. The influence of pulse frequency on the morphology, microstructure and composition of composite anodic oxide films containing PTFE nanoparticles was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties in terms of the friction coefficient, wear loss and morphology of worn surfaces were measured by ball-on-disc tests. The electrochemical property was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that the titanium dioxide of composite anodic oxide films transformed from anatase to rutile with the change of pulse frequency, which could result from the electrochemical dynamic equilibrium. The combination of PTFE nanoparticles and malic acid electrolyte molecules can influence the energy fluctuation of electrochemical equilibrium and formation of composite anodic oxide films. Moreover, composite anodic oxide films fabricated under the condition of 1.0–2.0 Hz exhibited the best wear resistance and corrosion property. The schematic diagram of the film formation and PTFE nanoparticles spreading process under different frequencies was elucidated.     

不同浓度NaCl溶液下典型铝/钛合金电偶腐蚀当量折算关系

通过电化学试验,分别测量了不同浓度NaCl溶液中2A12铝合金和TA15钛合金的极化曲线,利用极化曲线外推法,得到自腐蚀电流密度和自腐蚀电位,并分析其变化规律;测量了不同浓度、不同阴阳极面积比的电偶腐蚀电流;建立电偶腐蚀仿真模型,得到电偶电流仿真结果;基于仿真结果,利用当量折算系数法,计算不同浓度NaCl溶液与水介质的折算关系。结果表明:2种金属在溶液中存在电位差导致电偶腐蚀的发生;电偶电流的测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好,仿真模型可以用来对电偶腐蚀进行模拟;得到了2A12铝合金与TA15钛合金偶接后不同浓度NaCl溶液与水介质的折算系数。     

Tribological performance of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coating deposited on superelastic 60NiTi alloy for aviation self-lubricating spherical plain bearings

It is imperative to develop a novel matching of metallic substrate and self-lubricating coating for aircraft spherical plain bearing in a wide range of service conditions. As a new type of superelastic material, 60NiTi alloy meets the performance requirements of aerospace bearing materials, but exhibits poor tribological performance, especially under the conditions of dry sliding friction. A Hydrogenated Diamond-Like Carbon (H-DLC) coating was deposited on the 60NiTi alloy to improve its tribological performance. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of the 60NiTi alloy and its H-DLC coating were explored. Results show that improvement of friction and wear performance of the H-DLC coating deposited on the 60NiTi substrate is mainly achieved by graphitization at the friction interface and the transfer film produced on the counterpart ball. The increased friction load leads to intensification of graphitization at the friction interface and formation of continuous and compact transfer film on the surface of the counterpart ball.     

间隙位置和几何对端壁冷却性能的影响

采用数值求解三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和k-ω湍流模型,研究了间隙位置和几何对燃气轮机叶片端壁冷却性能的影响。在验证数值方法正确性的基础上,研究了3种间隙位置对端壁气膜冷却性能的影响,并提出了3种渐缩梯形间隙结构,分析了渐缩间隙结构对端壁流动和冷却特性的影响。结果表明,间隙距叶片前缘距离的增大会降低叶片前缘附近马蹄涡影响区域的气膜有效度,但是,当质量流量比大于1.0%时,端壁气膜有效度分布均匀性提高。在质量流量比为0.5%时,间隙位于距叶片前缘0.1倍轴向弦长位置时,会发生主流入侵的现象。相比于原始间隙,3种渐缩梯形间隙均能够显著提高端壁气膜有效度。特别是质量流量比为1%时,3种渐缩梯形间隙使得端壁平均气膜有效度最大增大了105.36%。此外,渐缩梯形间隙还防止了在质量流量比为0.5%时,主流入侵的发生。     

工艺参数对2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响

研究了正／负向电流密度、频率和正／负向占空比对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）,分析了不同氧化时间陶瓷层表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成,讨论了陶瓷层的生长过程。研究表明,正／负向电流密度相同时,随电流密度的增加膜层厚度增大;而当正向电流密度相同时,负向电流密度增加有利于膜层的生长;成膜速率随脉冲频率和负向占空比增加,均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;陶瓷层总厚度随氧化时间接近于线性增长,致密层占总膜层的比例先快速增加,其后略微下降。SEM结果显示,随氧化时间延长,样品表面膜厚度趋于均匀,界面处氧化膜变得比较平坦。陶瓷层主要由α—Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,随氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3相在陶瓷层中的相对含量逐渐减少。而α-Al2O3相的含量逐渐提高。     

扇形叶栅通道中密度比和流量比对叶片表面全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究扇形通道中真实三维弯扭导向叶片全气膜冷却特性,本文采用压敏漆(PSP)测试技术实验测量了叶片全气膜冷却效率,获得了不同密度比(1、1.5)和质量流量比(9.71%、11.64%、12.47%)对叶片全气膜冷却效率的影响规律,结果表明：低密度比条件下,随着出流比增加,叶片压力面侧气膜冷却效率逐渐增加,叶片吸力面侧靠近前缘区域气膜孔下游的冷却效率减小；密度比增加可以使叶片整体气膜冷却效率提高,其中压力面前侧靠近前缘区域的冷却效率提高最为明显,最多提高了182%；高密度比条件下,增加出流比仅会使得压力面侧-0.8< S/C <0气膜冷却效率小幅度增加。     

金刚石薄膜图形化技术的研究

从金刚石薄膜半导体器件的实用要求出发,比较了金刚石薄膜的各种图形化技术,研究了它们各自的特点和适用性,如播种法选择性生长、掩膜法选择性生长、离子束刻蚀和反应离子刻蚀技术等.     

基于整机振动响应模型的转子支承阻尼分析与试验

以某型航空发动机为例,建立了该发动机整机振动系统模型,对影响整机振动响应的不同结构挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD）建模方法进行重点分析,并通过多位置-多传感器稳定工况振动响应试验验证了模型的准确性。利用整机振动系统模型计算及对该型发动机的滑油中断试验,讨论了燃气发生器前支点（No.1支点）与自由涡轮后支点（No.3支点）处挤压油膜阻尼值对发动机稳定工况振动响应的影响,得出了该发动机整机振动响应随No.1支点油膜阻尼值增大而先减小后增大,随No.3支点油膜阻尼值增大而减小,并且可以通过适当减小No.1支点处挤压油膜阻尼值,实现发动机在最大连续工况下整机振动总量减小43.4%。      

叶片弦中区内部气膜孔局部换热特性实验

对叶片弦中区内部有、无冲击射流的气膜出流冷却方式中,冷气侧气膜孔局部换热特性进行了实验研究。无冲击射流时,主要研究了来流雷诺数、气膜出流与横流密流比的变化对气膜孔局部换热特性的影响;研究发现,气膜孔局部的换热均随两者的增加而强化,且孔后的换热要好于孔前的换热,越靠近孔的地方换热越强,并对倾角为30°和90°时气膜孔的“溢流效应”进行了比较。有冲击射流时,改变冲击雷诺数、横流射流密流比等流动参数,通过对数据整理得出了这些参数对其局部换热特性的影响规律。      

考虑遮蔽区影响的旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算新方法

针对直升机旋翼三维黏性流场特有的复杂环境,建立了一种基于欧拉法的旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算的新方法。首先,在旋翼桨叶嵌套网格的基础上,发展了一套用于预测旋翼绕流流场的计算流体力学(CFD)模拟方法。然后,为克服传统直升机旋翼二维水滴撞击特性计算方法的不足,充分考虑旋翼流场的三维效应,在嵌套网格中基于欧拉法求解旋翼三维水滴撞击流场。其中,为解决尾流等区域的密度脉冲现象所引起的稳定性和收敛性问题,提出并建立了遮蔽区扩散模型。该模型通过判断遮蔽区变量,在计算域中动态生成遮蔽区域,并随迭代步数逐渐扩散。最后,通过与NACA0012翼型及国外UH-1H桨叶的试验和计算结果的对比,验证了旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算新方法的可靠性,并进行了温度和水滴当量直径(MVD)对旋翼三维水滴撞击特性的影响分析。结果表明:遮蔽区扩散模型的加入,使二维情况的计算时间减少了22%,并增加了三维情况的计算稳定性,显著提高了旋翼三维水滴撞击特性的计算效率;沿着旋翼桨叶展向位置增大的方向,旋翼桨叶剖面水滴撞击范围有所增大,最大水滴局部收集系数呈先增加后减少再增加的变化趋势,其变化幅度接近50%;旋翼桨叶表面的水滴撞击区域和水滴局部收集系数随水滴当量直径的增加而增加。