基于URANS/TPP模型的风扇转静干涉单音噪声预测

为了解决风扇噪声三维高精度评估问题，基于非定常雷诺平均数值模拟（Unsteady Reynolds Average Numerical Simulation, URANS）模型和三平面压力（Triple Plane Pressure, TPP）模态匹配模型，发展了风扇转静干涉单音噪声数值预测方法。分析了URANS模型管道内单音计算的可行性，并建立了误差控制准则。在此基础上，采用URANS模型获得风扇非定常流场，同时基于TPP方法进行声源提取，得到管道内单音噪声的模态特性。基于国产某型大涵道比缩尺风扇试验数据，对模型准确性进行对比验证。结果表明，该模型能够进行转静干涉噪声的可靠预测。此外，进行了基于弯掠静子的低噪声叶片设计，并采用提出的数值模型分析了三维流场/声场，探究了基于叶型设计的转静干涉声源抑制机理，实现了对风扇低噪声设计的支撑。     

某大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇激波噪声降噪设计

为了研究民用大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇叶片弯掠造型对风扇激波噪声的影响,本文在基准风扇叶型的基础上,增大风扇叶片尖部前掠,加宽风扇叶片中下部和根部,设计了一种改型风扇叶片,并对基准风扇和改型风扇的前缘脱体激波噪声的一维传播特性进行了对比分析。结果表明,在海平面标准大气条件起飞工况和最大爬升工况下,改型风扇的激波噪声水平较基准风扇叶型低,证明该风扇叶型的弯掠改型设计有助于降低风扇激波噪声。     

压缩系统跨音进口级弯掠叶片空气动力学概述

转子叶片与静子叶片形状与80年代前的通用形状已有所变化, 三维弯、掠组合设计已成为重要的发展趋势。与之对应的当代气动设计理论被称之为跨音风扇弯掠叶片空气动力学。在简要回顾后掠风扇和后掠桨扇的发展背景前提下, 对此分支的内涵进行了分析与讨论。初步提出进行跨音风扇弯掠叶片气动设计所应追加的工程准则。      

倾斜/后掠叶片对风扇单音噪声的控制研究

为探索倾斜/后掠静子叶片对风扇单音噪声的降噪机理并指导低噪声风扇的设计,采用基于三维黏性非定常雷诺平均数值模拟(URANS)和管道声类比理论(Ducted Acoustic Analogy,DAA)的流场/声场混合计算模型(CFD/AA)研究了不同转子叶尖间隙、倾斜静子、后掠静子等对NPU-Fan单音噪声的影响。计算结果表明:随着叶尖间隙增加,在1BPF (Blade Passing Frequency)和2BPF处,风扇前传、后传气动噪声均会增加,且1BPF处单音噪声增量大于其它谐频。在研究倾斜及后掠叶片的降噪机制时,须将管道特征函数与声源的耦合过程包含在内,并且要考虑真实风扇的尾迹特性及其向下游的输运过程。风扇静子负倾斜可以提升风扇的气动效率,但会增加噪声的声功率级;正倾斜叶片能够降低噪声声功率级,但风扇气动性能会有所降低。随着倾斜角的增加,降噪量增大,当倾斜角为+30°时,各谐波阶次的降噪量均超过2.3dB。后掠静子叶片相较于倾斜设计具有更好的气动性能和降噪效果。30°后掠角对于各谐波阶次的前传噪声降噪量均大于6.3dB,降低后传噪声超过10dB。正倾斜及后掠静子的降噪效果与噪声谐波阶次、传播方向紧密相关,谐波阶次越高,降噪效果越明显。倾斜-后掠综合设计方案对于前传噪声拥有最好的降噪效果,其综合了倾斜和后掠两者的优点。     

风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅰ:方法与优化

作为"风扇出口导向叶片（Outlet Guide Vanes，OGV）低噪声设计"系列文章的第1篇，本文在现有压气机气动设计流程的基础上，加入了噪声评估过程，建立了基于通流设计的气动/声学一体化设计方法。为提高设计阶段的评估速度，以三维升力面理论与管道声学理论为基础，从通流设计和造型设计输出中提取参数，结合转子尾迹模型，建立了转/静干涉噪声的解析预测模型。以现代大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇/增压级为对象，采用该模型系统分析了OGV轴向掠形与周向倾斜对转/静干涉噪声的影响，获取了轴向掠形角与周向倾斜角等三维设计参数与风扇噪声的关系图谱，初步确定了低噪声设计较优降噪量的掠和倾组合方案。以此为基础，在保持叶尖子午投影位置和弦长不变的前提下，将叶片前缘和径向积叠进行参数化，采用遗传算法进一步开展了OGV的低噪声优化设计，最终获得了2个优化方案，预估的降噪量达到了8 dB。     

基于实验设计和响应面模型的风扇转子气动优化设计

针对跨声速风扇动叶中掠、弯结合叶片基于控制点的B样条曲线对积叠线进行参数化,以掠、弯为设计自由度,应用实验设计、三维粘性流场求解、响应面模型及遗传算法对Rotor 67以近尖峰效率工况点为设计点对风扇转子进行了气动优化设计,得到了前掠与弯向旋转方向的复合设计叶片,其总压比有较明显提高。但由于优化是在单一工况点下进行的,其变工况性能不佳。     

跨声速轴流压气机转子弯掠控制机理

以1.5级跨声速轴流压气机为研究对象,采用三维数值模拟方法研究弯掠叶片技术对压气机不同工况的控制机理.结果表明:设计转速时前掠与反弯的组合弯掠优于前掠与正弯的组合弯掠,而部分转速时正好相反,这是因为不同弯掠方案对跨声速压气机不同工况的控制机理不同.设计转速时弯掠叶片改变叶顶激波强度和位置以及叶顶间隙泄漏涡强度,并改变叶片表面展向“C”型压力分布,三者共同作用从而提高设计转速时压气机的喘振裕度,但也造成设计转速效率下降;而部分转速时,压气机流场中的激波消失,弯掠叶片改变叶顶吸力面逆压力梯度和增强展向“C”型压力分布,两者共同作用使压气机的稳定性提高,但效率也会下降.      

叶片弯掠对多级风扇气动性能的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了多级环境中叶片弯掠对风扇整体气动性能的影响。研究过程将弯、掠叶片分别应用于某三级风扇的第二、三级静叶,以对比性能变化并研究其内在的流场作用机制。结果表明,多级环境中弯掠叶片排可通过改变沿径向密流分布对其它叶排施加影响;弯和掠都能借助低能流体迁移控制端壁流动,但掠叶片同时具有对主流的迁移作用,这就使得掠叶片对沿径向密流分布的影响要大于弯叶片;随转速下降,弯叶片的流体迁移作用被增强,掠则相反。此外发现,在多级环境中单独使用时可获得性能改善的弯掠叶片,组合应用后并未获得双重的性能收益。     

叶片前缘曲线相对前掠对风扇效率的影响

以NASA67风扇叶片为例,通过流场的三维数值模拟,研究了前缘曲线不同掠弯程度对风扇效率的影响。     

双激盘理论及其在轴流式弯掠动叶栅气动计算中的应用

轴流式弯掠动叶栅对主气流作用有一个不容忽视的径向分力。为此本文提出“双激盘理论”及相应的一套计算方法, 其中包括阻力系数及出口气流角值沿径分布的修正, 用来进行低速低负荷轴流式弯掠(即必须计及叶片径向分力影响的)风扇的设计和性能估计。用一个弯掠动叶和一个非弯掠动叶的风扇进行验证性试验, 结果表明:计算与实测值吻合甚好。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.