A new stress-based multi-scale failure criterion of composites and its validation in open hole tension tests

A new stress-based multi-scale failure criterion is proposed based on a series of off-axis tension tests, and their corresponding fiber failure modes and matrix failure modes are determined at the microscopic level. It is a physical mechanism based, three-dimensional damage analysis criterion which takes into consideration the constituent properties on the macroscopic failure behavior of the composite laminates. A complete set of stress transformation, damage determination and evolution methods are established to realize the application of the multi-scale method in failure analysis. Open-hole tension（OHT） specimens of three material systems（CCF300/5228, CCF300/5428 and T700/5428） are tested according to ASTM standard D5766, and good agreements are found between the experimental results and the numerical predictions. It is found that fiber strength is a key factor influencing the ultimate strength of the laminates, while matrix failure alleviates the stress concentration around the hole. Different matchings of fiber and matrix result in different failure modes as well as ultimate strengths.     

A physically-based representative stress methodology for predicting stress rupture life of Ni-based DS superalloy

Smooth and three types of U-shape single-edge notched plate specimens adopted to experimentally investigate stress rupture behavior of Ni-based Directionally Solidified (DS) superalloy at 850 °C exhibit notch weakening effect and multi-source cracking initiation near the notch root. However, stress rupture behavior of smooth and V-shape notched round bars at 1040 °C revealed by Li et al indicates notch strengthening effect and creep micro-holes originating mostly from the central portion. A combined creep-viscoplastic constitutive model is employed to analyze the distribution of stress, strain and stress Triaxial Factor (TF) near the notch root. The different stress distribution and creep restraint between asymmetric notched plate specimens and symmetric notched round bars are the main reasons for the corresponding failure mechanism. Meanwhile, a good qualitative relationship exists between TF value and stress rupture life of notched specimen. Especially, the area with maximum TF value (TF_max) is highly consistent with creep damage initiation region. Hence, based on the distribution characteristics of the initial tensile loading, a representative stress method independent of time -changing creep load at the location of TF_max is conducted for life prediction. The predicted results of both smooth and notched plate specimens and round bars agrees well with the experimental results.     

含缺口[0/90]_(4s)碳/环氧复合材料层板的损伤扩展分析

本文采用渗透剂增强的x射线照像法和非线性有限元法分析了含缺口[0/90]_4,碳/环氧复合材料层板中的损伤累积过程和损伤区的扩展。着重讨论了材料最终破坏以前的过程。理论分析和实验结果的比较表明:在宏观的范围内研究复合材料的损伤,合理地建立材料损伤发生后的应力-应变关系是十分重要的。     

基于CDM的开口复合材料层合板结构损伤问题研究

为研究含开口复合材料层合板结构在面内载荷作用下的损伤破坏问题,基于CDM基本原理,从平面应力状态下的Gibbs自由能出发,建立描述复合材料层合板结构层内断裂破坏的二维渐进损伤关系;基于ABAQUS材料用户子程序,将上述渐进损伤关系与二维Hashin失效准则相结合,开发复合材料损伤本构模型,并对含开口复合材料层合板结构在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程进行数值模拟;通过与文献试验数据的对比,证明该模型在平面拉伸载荷状态下可以有效预测含开口层合板结构的损伤起始与扩展过程,对层合板强度的预测误差较小。应用上述模型对三种不同开口类型层合板结构在剪切载荷作用的下损伤、破坏分析,结果表明：对于相同面积的开口,不同的开口类型会导致层合板抗剪强度产生较大的差异;而在铺层相同情况下,椭圆形开口层合板的剪切强度相对较高。     

含表面缺口复合材料层压板的屈曲破坏

通过实验研究和理论分析探讨了含表面缺口复合材料层压板的屈曲破坏。采用电测和声发射技术对层压板的受压力学行为进行观测和分析。作为比较,对无缺口层压板也进行了压缩试验,尽管2种层压板试样随载荷增加到一定值时都会发生屈曲,但它们的破坏过程仍有着显著的差别。利用层压板刚度减少技术推导了含表面缺口复合材料层压板的临界应力表达式。理论预测结果和试验结果能够较好地吻合。     

纤维复合材料的形变功密度断裂准则

通过单边缺口、中心裂纹和中心圆孔碳/环氧和玻璃/环氧复合材料层合板试样的试验证实,在考虑了材料的各向异性后,把各向同性材料的J积分分析结果用于确定复合材料层合板的断裂过程区特征长度d₀是适宜的。 根据碳/环氧复合材料层合板的有限元分析结果和试验观察,提出了一个新的断裂准则 σ_y（d0,0）ε_y（d0,0）=ασ_Fε_F 称为形变功密度断裂准则。这个准则已得到试验验证。使用本文方法可以得出不随试样几何形状和应力分布而变化的特征长度。     

复合材料层板损伤力学的实验研究——损伤应变能释放率破坏判据

一、前言 鉴于复合材料层板的结构特点和独特的破坏机理,作者曾经讨论过最近发展起来的固体力学新分支——连续介质损伤力学在复合材料层板中的应用,并指出了损伤力学可能是研究含缺陷复合材料强度的更有效的工具。 从70年代到现在,各向同性损伤理论已经得到了仔细的研究,并在大变形塑性损伤,蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤等方面的应用中取得了初步成功。     

Tear Resistance of Orthogonal Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU Film

This work seeks to investigate the notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of orthogonal Kevlar-plain woven fabric (PWF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) film applied to high altitude balloon. Four types of specimens are implemented to measure notched strength and fracture toughness by conducting static tension and tear tests on an MTS system respectively. The damage and failure mechanisms are discussed and the results for notched strength and tear resistance are evaluated and compared with each other. From the experiments, it is found that the notch sensitivity of the film increases with the increase in the size of the hole, but the notch sensitivity and the stress concentration of the notch are insignificant and there is a decrease of only about 4%-10% in tensile strength for the notched specimens with different hole sizes in diameter compared with the unnotched specimen. In contrast, the tear resistance containing a central slit with only 1 mm length is about half of tensile strength of the unnotched film, which implies that the tear resistance exists an significant notch sensitivity. The results of this study provide an insight into notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of the Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU film and constitute a fundamental basis for the design of high altitude balloon.     

Bolt insertion damage and mechanical behaviors investigation of CFRP/CFRP interference fit bolted joints

Interference fit has advantages in improving fatigue behaviors of composite bolted joints; however, interference fit bolt insertion tends to cause damages in laminates weakening joint mechanical properties. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate bolt insertion damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)/CFRP interference fit bolted joints. Mechanical behaviors of joints were also evaluated experimentally under both quasi-static loads and cyclic loads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and high-resolution X-ray micro-CT scan were used to examine micro damages in laminates. Damage and failure behaviors of joints were characterized. The results demonstrated that the hole entrance in upper laminate and the laminate boundary near the hole wall were the most critical regions for damages during bolt insertions. However, the influence of those damages on quasi-static failure loads and fatigue failure modes of joints was minimal. Delamination and matrix cracking occurred first in laminates following fiber and matrix fracture in quasi-static tensile tests. Interference fit could improve the fatigue resistance of the laminate hole; however, the bolt seemed to suffer a more critical local fatigue loading condition. This paper can contribute to composite structure designs, especially in understanding damage and failure behaviors of composite bolted joints.     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.     

基于CDM-CZM的复合材料补片补强参数分析

 复合材料开口补强设计参数的确定对于结构设计具有重要的意义。针对复合材料层合板开口区补片补强结构,采用各向异性材料连续介质损伤力学模型(CDM)对复合材料层合板的损伤演化进行描述,采用粘聚区模型(CZM)对补片与母板间界面材料的分层损伤进行模拟,建立了复合材料开口区补片补强结构三维非线性渐进损伤模型,模型可预测补强结构强度和损伤演化过程。应用本文模型分析了补片铺层方式、补片厚度和补片半径3个主要设计参数对补强效果的影响,明确了补片与母板间界面材料分层损伤破坏是导致补强结构最终失效的主要原因。     

Constitutive modelling of composite laminates under uniaxial compression

A nonlinear constitutive model for a single lamina is proposed for the failure analysis of composite laminates. In the material model, both fiber and matrix are assumed to behave elasticplastically and the in-plane shear is assumed to behave nonlinearly with a variable shear parameter.The damage onset for individual lamina is detected by a mixed failure criterion, composed of the Tsai-Wu criterion and the maximum stress criterion. After damage takes place within the lamina,the fiber and in-plane shear are assumed to exhibit brittle behavior, and the matrix is assumed to exhibit degrading behavior. The proposed nonlinear material model is tested against experimental data of composite laminates subjected to uniaxial compressive loads, and good agreement is obtained.     

复合材料层合板的开口补强研究进展

复合材料在航空结构中的应用越来越广,在复合材料层合板上开口对其结构力学性能的影响需引起研究人员的重视。针对国内外近十年来的研究工作,系统地回顾了复合材料层合板的开口力学性能及补强设计方法的研究进展,从开口区域应力集中、开口层板稳定性研究、失效模式及补强方法等方面做了阐述;并对未来含有开口的复合材料结构设计的研究提出了一些建议。     

搭接长度对CFRP-Al双搭接接头应变分布和失效模式的影响

首先,采用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）与Al制备不同搭接长度双搭接胶接试验件,利用万能试验机进行拉伸试验,获得载荷-位移曲线和胶接接头失效形貌。然后,依据试验数据,基于连续损伤力学模型和3D Hashin失效判据模拟CFRP层合板损伤与演化,使用内聚力模型模拟胶层和基体损伤,获得CFRP层间应力分布与截面应力分布曲线。最后,在此基础上分析不同搭接长度下双搭接接头载荷-位移曲线与接头破坏模式,研究CFRP内部铺层应力分布对失效形貌影响,探究不同搭接长度下双搭接接头破坏机制。结果表明：搭接长度由20 mm增加至40 mm时,胶接接头力学性能显著提高;搭接长度大于40 mm后,搭接长度对力学性能的影响逐渐减弱。拉伸载荷导致90°纤维附近基体的1和2方向应力较大,产生应力集中,接头发生剪切与剥离破坏。双搭接接头失效过程为一侧发生剪切与剥离破坏,接头转变为单搭接结构,之后瞬间发生失稳,较大的剥离力使接头另一侧发生破坏。     

基于复合材料分层损伤模型的层压板静强度分析

对层压板进行强度分析时同时考虑面内失效和分层损伤可以得到更加合理的强度预测值。基于复合材料层压板分层机理分别采用Hashin准则和分层因子进行面内损伤和分层损伤的计算,并结合材料性能退化发展了一种能够考虑分层损伤的层压板累积损伤模型。该模型能够模拟层压板面内和分层损伤产生、发展直至最终破坏的完整过程。通过对两种典型复合材料层压板单钉连接接头的失效分析,表明计算结果与传统三维有限元计算结果相比精度较高,并能有效预测各层间分层损伤的扩展情况。     

单边缺口板材试样的J积分试验标定

 单边缺口试样的J积分,当取其缺口内表面为积分回路时,有特别简单的形式,即,并可进一步简化为,其中。 本文对两种单边缺口试样（缺口根部曲率半径ρ分别为20毫米和9毫米）,测定了缺口内表面的应变分布ε（θ）,再经应力-应变曲线转换成形变功密度分布W（θ）,最后通过数值积分求出系数A。试验结果与考虑了Weiss塑性区修正的线弹性断裂力学方法做了比较。     

国产碳纤维复合材料开孔拉伸失效分析与预测

基于国产碳纤维复合材料含孔层合板失效模式和损伤机理研究,结合试验分析建立了符合其失效机理的有限元模型,并在有限元模型中研究了不同失效准则对剩余强度计算结果的影响,通过比较试验数据与数值模拟结果表明:二维模型能比较准确地预测国产碳纤维复合材料含孔层合板的剩余强度,破坏载荷的数值模拟与试验数据的相对误差为7.9%,而拉伸模量的相对误差为5.6%.      

钛合金叶片前缘的外物损伤残余应力数值分析

为研究航空发动机叶片外物损伤(FOD)位置残余应力的分布规律,根据真实叶片前缘特征设计了模拟叶片,基于Johnson-Cook本构模型,使用LS-DYNA软件仿真分析钢珠以不同角度冲击钛合金模拟叶片前缘的过程,对比仿真与相同试验条件下的空气炮模拟外物损伤试验的FOD损伤形貌与宏观尺寸,验证了有限元模型的正确性。提取仿真计算的不同入射角度对应的FOD位置残余应力分布,结果表明:钢珠以0°角入射时,钢珠冲击产生的接触力和变形能明显大于其他入射角度的情况,说明钢珠偏斜一定角度入射时造成的偏斜型缺口处的材料失效与变形不如外物正撞前缘形成的半圆型缺口严重;在FOD缺口底部尖端靠近入射表面区域存在明显的残余拉应力。随着入射角度的增大,残余拉应力区的范围逐渐扩大,残余拉应力最大值逐渐减小。     

缺口件振动疲劳寿命分析的名义应力法

为了描述缺口根部应力均方根(RMS)的集中程度,给出了缺口件在动态载荷激励下的应力均方集中系数的定义及其计算公式.基于结构疲劳的基本机理,通过考察缺口根部应力均方根的分布特点,给出了疲劳缺口系数的计算公式,形成了缺口件振动疲劳寿命分析的名义应力法.通过3个算例的计算结果表明,本文提出的方法能很好地预测缺口件的振动疲劳寿...     

Low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of thermoplastic/thermoset composites

The low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of composites have rarely been focused on simultaneously. This study aims to investigate the low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of the glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene and carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin laminates wildly used in the aircraft industry. The impact tests were conducted at five energy levels. Characterization parameters such as impact load, dis...