巴特沃斯数字滤波器在自动测试中的应用

本文主要研究巴特沃斯低通数字滤波器在自动测试系统中的应用。讨论了高速采样低速输出的自动测试系统中采用低通数字滤波器的必要性;比较了巴特沃斯低通数字滤波器与多点平均滤波的性能,巴特沃斯滤波器具有较理想的特性;介绍了建立巴特沃斯低通数字滤波器的设计方法,以及在实现实时滤波算法时,克服初始瞬变过程和防止滤波器数值不稳的措施。最后,给出了在长时间陀螺漂移测试中的应用结果。     

椭圆数字滤波器在动态风洞试验中的应用

由于动态风洞试验比常规静态试验有更多的噪声和干扰,传统的数据处理方法不能满足要求,因此综合考虑动态风洞试验数据的特点,比较不同类型数字滤波器的性能,选择运用椭圆数字滤波器,对动态风洞试验数据进行处理。给出了设计椭圆数字滤波器时所需要的近似求解雅可比椭圆函数的方法,并简单介绍了椭圆数字滤波器的设计过程,给出了必要的设计公式。根据某项目动态风洞试验的试验数据设计了一款低通椭圆数字滤波器,有效地减少了信号中的噪声和干扰,并已成功地用于项目中。     

ispPACTM在线可编程模拟电路设计

阐述了ispPACTM在线可编程的功能和特点,介绍了内电路的两种不同的设计方法和如何实现低通滤波器、带通滤波器,并详细给出低通滤波器的实例,分析并说明其设计过程和实测的结果.     

二阶滑模跟踪微分器与带通滤波器频域分析

简要介绍了二阶滑模跟踪微分器的基本原理,应用描述函数法对其频率特性进行了分析。在此基础上设计了带通滤波器并对其频率特性进行了分析,给出了二阶滑模跟踪微分器及由其所构成带通滤波器的参数选择和调试方法。仿真结果表明,通过适当选取有关设计参数,带通滤波器能够从几种频率合成信号中提取出特定频率的信号。     

基于多相结构的直接中频采样接收机设计及实现

直接中频采样的设计通常采用类似模拟接收机的结构,而基于多相结构的数字正交变换无需正交本振,结构上更适用于实时处理系统。本文对基于多相结构的数字正交变换原理进行了分析,并根据多抽样率信号处理理论,提出了一种内插时延滤波器、半带抽取滤波器实现方法。试验结果表明,使用该方法设计的系统切实可行。     

基于余弦基神经网络的FIR滤波器设计

提出了一种基于余弦基神经网络FIR滤波器的设计方法。根据线性相位FIR滤波器的幅频特性是有限项的傅里叶级数，构造了一个三层余弦基神经网络模型，并给出了最优隐层神经元的个数。经模拟仿真，滤波器性能非常理想，具有同时输出低通、高通、带通、带阻各种功能，通带、阻带无过冲无波动，边界频率可以精确控制。     

有源带通滤波器

本文讨论由低通，高通滤波器累接起来的带通滤波器。     

滚动接触疲劳实验机跟踪滤波器设计

在滚动接触疲劳实验机的设计中,为了从复杂的背景噪声中提取与疲劳密切相关的振动信号,采用了窄带跟踪滤波技术.该滤波器以开关电容滤波原理为基础,设计锁相倍频电路,通过开关频率f<,CLK>,跟踪信号的中心频率f<,O>,实现实时动态跟踪滤波.实验结果证明,该滤波器满足疲劳实验机的总体设计要求.     

基于FPGA的FIR滤波器设计与实现

本文根据激光陀螺仪信号的解调原理,提出了一种利用数字信号处理技术并采用FPGA实现的解调方法。分析了FIR滤波器的工作原理,根据激光陀螺仪对滤波器的要求,给出了由FPGA设计实现FIR滤波器的基本原理,并利用IP核实现了FIR滤波器,满足了激光陀螺仪的需求。通过在国产激光陀螺仪上的应用,验证了方案的正确性。通过对激光陀螺仪脉冲计数的高速采样并利用数字滤波器处理,可以有效的消除抖动引起的信号噪声,得到所需要的惯性信息。采用FPGA设计实现,可以提高运算速度,并且可以缩短数据采样的延时。     

一种窄带平稳随机过程功率谱的简化拟合方法

基于平稳随机过程的基本原理,建立了拟合窄带平稳随机过程的功率谱所需的成形滤波器的简化模型,推导了窄带平稳随机功率谱的峰值、峰值频率、带宽与成形滤波器相应参数之间的关系,给出了拟合窄带平稳随机过程功率谱的简化方法。应用此方法对美国海军 CVA59航空母舰海上运动的垂荡、纵摇和横荡运动分量的 3个具体的功率谱实例进行了拟合,通过对将实测值与拟合结果进行比较,表明 :这种方法能够很好地拟合典型的对称窄带平稳随机过程,对于对称性不好和带宽较大的的功率谱,拟合的误差相对大一些。     

Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the Bandpass Output of a Discriminator

A formula is derived for the output signal-to-noise power ratio from a limiter-discriminator that is followed by an ideal (rectangular) bandpass filter. This signal-to-noise ratio is shown to be inversely proportional to the difference between the cube of the upper cutoff frequency and the cube of the lower cutoff frequency. The formula commonly utilized by designers for the discriminator output signal-to-noise ratio was derived for the case of a lowpass filter on the discriminator output. The bandpass and low-pass formulas are compared to indicate 1) the advantage of bandpass filtering for the discriminator output, and 2) the error incurred if the designer employs the low-pass formula to evaluate the performance of a bandpass filter design. Finally, the accuracy of a narrow-band approximation for the bandpass formula is evaluated.     

Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Amplitude and Intensity Modulated Laser

General expressions are obtained for output SNR for both amplitude- and intensity-modulated lasers, where bandlimited Gaussian noise has been chosen as a modulating signal, and in the presence of background light. Two types of modulating signals are considered: the baseband and bandpass modulating signals. Detailed calculations are made for output SNR when an ideal narrowband optical filter is used. The dependence of output SNR on several parameters, such as the center frequency of the modulating signal, the effective average quantum rate, and input SNR, are discussed. In addition, the difference in performance between amplitude and intensity modulation is discussed. The detection characteristics of the homodyne system are also considered.     

K波段基片集成波导带通滤波器的设计

基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)是一种低插损、低辐射、高品质因素的导波结构。文章利用基片集成波导技术设计了一种K波段带通滤波器,其中心频率为19.4GHz,相对带宽为7.48%,插损小于1dB,该滤波器具有体积小、重量轻、易于加工和集成等优点。     

低通滤波器的阶跃响应及其对动态校准的影响

动态测试系统在利用阶跃信号进行动态校准时,系统中的低通滤波器环节所产生的衰减振荡可能会误导测试人员,特别是对于带传压管道的动态压力测试系统。仿真与测试结果表明,各种模拟低通滤波器和IIR数字低通滤波器的阶跃响应都会出现一定的衰减振荡。针对带低通滤波器的系统以及其他系统的阶跃激励校准,通过对简单FFT频响分析方法、矩形单脉冲法、冲激响应法三种方法的比较,发现矩形单脉冲法能更正确地对阶跃校准数据进行频响分析。     

On detection using filter banks and higher order statistics

We suggest a method, based on the use of filter bank and higher order statistics (cumulants), for detection of transient signals. The method first uses a bandpass filter bank, which separates the spectrum of the observed signal into narrow frequency bands. Each subfilter of the filter bank is then followed by a cumulant estimator, and thereby suppressing colored noise. By selecting those subfilters that have large output energies, the filter bank can approximate the behavior of a matched filter. Moreover, no a priori information about the waveform of the signal is needed. The performance of the detector is evaluated by using a simulated signal as well as a measured signal. The presented detector is compared with the optimal matched filter detector.     

一种卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机无速度传感器

针对滑模观测器的永磁同步电机参数误差容易造成估算误差和反电动势中存在高频纹波分量的缺点,使用低通滤波器不能有效消除高频纹波,提出在滑模观测器前端引入卡尔曼滤波器来消除高频纹波,使得永磁同步电机的控制系统具有更好的稳态效果和动态响应。依据设计仿真搭建MATLAB平台,对提出新方法进行验证。试验结果表明增加卡尔曼滤波环节后的滑模观测器不仅鲁棒性强,而且在一定程度上有效抑制了抖振,在系统快速性及稳态性能上都有较好的效果。     

A digital quadrature demodulation system

Existing digital quadrature demodulation techniques sample the input at either 2B Hz or 4B Hz, select the even samples as the in-phase (I), and interpolate the odd samples to give the quadrature (Q), output. The signal bandwidth is B. We propose a demodulation system to produce I and Q samples at arbitrary sampling rate greater than 2B Hz. The system eliminates the IF downconversion step with a special sampling scheme. The even samples correspond to the I component, while the Q components are the filtered output. The filter can be a lowpass or least squares (LS) filter. The lowpass filter design is based on trade-offs between the filter length and the degree of oversampling. It produces similar results as previous work when the sampling rate is 2B Hz or 4B Hz. Unlike existing methods which assume the input is white, a LS filter, on the other hand, can make use of input signal characteristics to achieve a better result. The higher the correlation in the input the larger the improvement. The cost for LS filtering is a coefficient update step if the input is time varying. A scheme to cancel dc offset from analog to digital (A/D) converters is also given     

Interference Due to Limiting and Demodulation of Two Angle Modulated Signals

Two angle modulated signals (FM or PM) passing through a limiter and then a demodulator are analyzed. The analysis considers the problem of adjacent carrier interference, direct adjacent channel interference (DACI) or cross talk, and adjacent channel interference (ACI). The analysis of adjacent carrier interference shows that if the 3rd order IM is not to overlap the signal spectra, the carrier frequencies must be separated by 2B where B is the bandwidth of each carrier. The ACI analysis shows that the carrier frequencies must be separated by B+2?m for no ACI, since the demodulator reduces the bandwidth of the 3rd order IM from 3B to 2B+2?m where ?m is the maximum frequency of each baseband. The DACI analysis shows that DACI does not exist in a PM system and is -52 dB for an ideal hard limiter with no bandpass filter. But the DACI is -58 dB for an ideal hard limiter with a more realistic bandpass filter.     

基于Jacobi法可编程低通有源滤波器设计

给出了基于可编程跨导运算放大器(POTA)的有源滤波器设计方法．能在一定范围内实现跨导值程控调节，提高调节精度和准确度。并且利用Jacobi法求解相似对角形矩阵，避免解高次方程的问题。所设计的有源滤波电路不易受分布电容的影响，稳定性好、灵敏度低。给出了设计实例，显示了该方法的优点。     

Signal-to-Noise Ratios in Self-Biased-Pwer-Law Amplifiers with Saturation

The relation between the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the input SNR is presented for the bandpass self-biased third-law amplifier with saturation, when the input is composed of sinusoidal carrier and zero-mean stationary narrowband Gaussian noise. It is found that significant improvement in the output SNR at low input SNR's can be achieved by the self-biased third-law amplifier with saturation operated in class A. The results obtained are also verified experimentally.