导流格栅对发射箱内冲击波强度影响仿真

针对发射箱内添加导流格栅导致箱内冲击波强度变化的问题,构建了燃气流与后盖开启过程相互耦合的数值仿真模型,并基于动网格技术进行了仿真计算。研究结果表明:添加导流格栅后,箱内及前盖冲击波强度均有所增加,前盖压强峰值增加约 5%,导流格栅安装位置越靠近发动机喷管,箱内冲击波强度增幅越大。研究结果可为发 射箱内导流格栅设计提供理论参考。     

燃气冲破式易碎盖冲击载荷与变形预测

采用高精度数值模拟技术对开盖前发射箱内冲击波演化规律、后盖不同开盖时刻前箱盖载荷分布以及不同载荷加载方式下前盖承压变形进行了计算分析。研究结果表明：冲击波以约450 m/s的速度在箱内沿轴向传播，棱台箱盖中心区域压力大于斜面区域。后盖开盖时间距离发动机点火时间越长，燃气到达前盖的压力峰值越大，综合考虑箱内设备的安全与开盖可靠性，在0.95 ms时刻开盖时性能最优。通过对棱台型易碎前盖燃气载荷分布研究，应按照平台区域和斜面区域进行分区域变形预测，相比较平均载荷加载更有利于盖体薄弱部位设计。     

低压室初始长度对火箭弹自力弹射出筒尾流场的影响

低压室初始长度的改变直接影响火箭弹自力弹射过程中低压室压强的建立，进而对弹射出筒过程中的尾流场产生影响。本文基于二维轴对称N-S方程建立了火箭弹自力弹射出筒尾流场的数值计算模型，采用动网格技术对弹射出筒的全过程进行了非定常数值计算。采用文中计算模型对超声速冲击射流试验进行了模拟，得到的流场结构与试验纹影图匹配良好；开展了自力弹射的实弹发射试验，仿真数据与试验数据的一致性较好，在此基础上分析了低压室初始长度对尾流场不同阶段的影响。结果表明，随低压室初始长度的增加，发射筒底部的第一个压强峰值增大；尾流场初始阶段震荡幅度增加且震荡时间延长；尾流场发展阶段内弹体的位移增量及速度增量减小，低压室压强峰值及峰值过后的压强下降速度减小；尾流场稳定阶段内弹体的位移增量及速度增量增加。     

导弹水下发射近筒口点火时机选择影响研究

潜射导弹蒸汽-燃气弹射出筒时,弹尾会附着燃气泡,该尾空泡的发展形态会对水下点火燃气射流流场的建立产生影响。为了研究水下发动机不同工作状态发射流场结构变化及原因,采用Mixture模型和动网格技术对发动机处于尾空泡的三种包覆状态:扩张初期、收缩初期、完全闭合状态(对应点火位置分别为2.2m,4.3m,6.5m)的燃气射流动态流场进行数值模拟。仿真结果表明,尾空泡收缩程度越大,发动机喷管流场结构越复杂,尾空泡不断地膨胀-颈缩,使得发射平台受到较大的压强脉动;当尾空泡未处于收缩状态阶段且发动机运动一定安全距离4.3m时点火,既有利于燃气射流流场的建立,同时发射筒及艇体受到的压力脉动最小,从而有效地提高了水下点火发射的安全性。     

液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击效应

为研究液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台的冲击效应特性,建立液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击数值计算模型.针对液氧/煤油发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击特性,基于建立模型研究了喷管出口距离平台3,5m工况下推进剂流量和复燃对冲击特性的影响,并分析了影响差异及其产生差异的原因.结果表明:尾焰自由射流区的激波膨胀、压缩距离和壁射流区面积随推进剂流量的增大而增大;考虑复燃化学反应不仅改变了自由射流区和滞止区的形状结构,而且增大了壁射流区的面积和温度;复燃和推进剂流量均是通过影响尾焰结构对冲击特性产生影响,具体影响效果与喷管出口和发射平台间距离有关.      

封闭状态储运发射箱箱壁压力的子波分析

为研究火箭导弹在封闭式储运发射箱内发射时，由于密封盖的反射作用使弹箱间隙内存在的复杂燃气流场，通过对测量数据进行子波分析，得到了管（箱）壁压力时间历程曲线中的燃气射流段是由射流激波振荡（低频）和射流噪声（高频）两种流动成分组合而成，激波振荡沿管壁向弹头方向是衰减的，它在低频段聚积的能量与起始冲击波一起都对储运发射箱式定向器具有破坏作用。     

基于二维不确定性量化分析的射流换向阀切换性能研究

真实情况中,射流换向阀的边界参数呈现明显的不确定性,由于主流和控制流压强是影响射流换向阀切换性能的重要因素,因此其不确定性将导致切换性能产生明显的波动。本文采用不确定量化分析方法中的PCM（Probabilistic Collocation Method）方法,研究了主流和控制流压强的不确定性对射流换向阀切换性能的耦合影响,获得了一维和二维不确定度下的切换性能不确定度带。研究结果显示,主流或控制流压强的不确定性均使得射流换向阀切换性能产生明显的波动;其中控制流压强的不确定性对其影响尤为突出;当存在二维不确定性时,射流换向阀的切换性能将出现更大幅度的波动,最大波动幅度达29%。     

发射箱前盖抗燃气流冲击设计研究

对导弹发射箱前盖受邻箱导弹发射燃气流冲击会出现破碎问题，进行了全面的分析，通过燃气流场仿真计算的载荷分析，有限元强度分析，在前盖材料密度和外形两方面对前盖设计提出改进措施，试验证明措施有效。     

超声速对流推力矢量喷管的数值模拟

利用二次流对流剪切激励主射流方式来产生射流对流推力矢量方法是一种效率很高的矢量化喷流新方法,又称为对流推力矢量法。本文运用三阶精度MUSCL TVD有限体积格式求解二维非定常、可压缩、雷诺平均N-S方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,计算了对流推力矢量喷管的超声速射流问题,获得几种不同二次流吸气压强下对狭缝和喷管肩部壁面压强分布、剪切层诱导旋涡的结构特征和主射流矢量角等结果,计算结果与实验数据对比取得良好的一致性,并对计算结果进行了详细分析和讨论。     

导弹从发射箱热发射过程的数值分析

采用三维可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε湍流模型，研究了导弹出箱过程中，弹体姿态偏转后弹底周围环境及发射箱内的流场特性。首先，以超声速欠膨胀射流撞击平板实验为算例，对数值方法的有效性进行验证。其次，分别对导弹在约束期和半约束期箱内流动特性展开研究。研究表明：喷管尾流在发射箱内会形成强烈的引射效应。同时，在弹底会出现明显的回流区域，使导弹出箱时受到额外的阻力。考虑偏转后，发射装置受到的冲击载荷增大2倍以上，发射箱壁面受到的压力增加40%。而且，在半约束期，箱内的流场分布不再对称，会使得导弹受到额外的不平衡力矩。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.