微振动影响下的TDICCD相机图像复原方法

随着遥感卫星成像分辨率的不断提高,微振动对空间相机成像质量的影响已不能忽视。本文主要针对微振动影响下的时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件（TDICCD）图像的复原方法进行了研究。首先,结合成像器件与目标存在相对运动时的曝光成像规律和TDICCD相机成像原理,建立了微振动下TDICCD相机的成像模型,并进行了仿真得到退化图像。然后,对面阵图像复原方法进行了介绍。最后,将面阵复原方法改进推广至TDICCD图像复原,提出了一种微振动影响下的TDICCD相机图像复原方法,并进行了仿真。恢复图像各指标均有一定提升,验证了方法的有效性。     

大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统研究

针对视觉导航系统对小型化、超分辨成像和近程立体视觉的需求,研究了一种基于微端面光纤面板的大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统。利用视轴发散的微小型透镜组进行大视场成像,并以切削斜端面的光纤面板进行图像传输,将大面阵(5120×5120像素)CMOS相机与光纤面板后端面直接耦合实现图像输出,可实现9个视场部分重叠子孔径图像同步实时输出和采集。在实时化拼接处理中,利用CUDA并行加速方法进行图像拼接,单帧的拼接耗时小于30ms。视场部分重叠复眼成像模式还可配置偏振片或滤光片构成全偏振或多光谱成像,在天空偏振光导航、无人机紧急避障、弹载侦察、近程引信以及水下无人潜航器导航等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Optimal motion planning for dual-spacecraft interferometry

We address the question of design and optimal control of a class of dual-spacecraft interferometric imaging formations. The first main contribution is that we combine two ideas introduced separately in the literature and propose a maneuver that offers improved imaging performance. We then formulate an optimal control problem to minimize fuel consumption and maximize image quality by minimizing the relative speed, which is proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image. We show that the necessary conditions are also sufficient and that the resulting optimal control is unique. Finally, we apply a continuation method to solve for the unique optimal trajectory.     

基于虚拟慢时间的双基地ISAR成像算法

针对双基地角时变引起的逆合孔径雷达（ISAR）图像畸变和散焦问题，提出了一种基于虚拟慢时间的成像算法。首先，分析了双基地角时变对ISAR成像的影响机理。然后，基于图像对比度最大准则估计等效旋转中心位置，完成初次相位补偿。最后，通过虚拟慢时间构建基于非均匀虚拟采样的补偿系数矩阵，并通过方位向非均匀傅里叶变换得到目标的ISAR像。算法基于图像对比度最大准则解决等效旋转中心位置估计问题，通过虚拟慢时间消除转动相位项的高次项影响，利用非均匀傅里叶变换解决随机虚拟采样的谱估计问题。理论分析和仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

遥感图像的亚像素配准技术研究

高分辨遥感技术在军民领域应用广泛,图像配准技术是高分辨遥感图像的预处理技术。实际的机载和星载遥感成像仪,由于自身成像原理和成像仪平台抖动原因,出现了遥感图像亚像素偏移误差。对亚像素图像配准技术进行系统研究,对高精度亚像素配准算法进行研究分析,并对其算法进行仿真、处理,对仿真的结果进行系统分析,通过误差分析提出配准误差修正算法,修正算法对亚像素配准进行了很好的改进,达到遥感图像预处理的目的。     

Image Quality Evaluation in Security Imaging Systems

The subjective image quality of image or video information is a crucial item in security imaging systems. During the last five years our lab has tested and verified various approaches to the image compression for security purposes and the evaluation of subjective image quality. In the paper we discuss selected important facts related to the subjective image quality evaluation and we present some anomalous experimental behavior of image compression techniques. An object-defined approach is investigated and advantageous characteristics of chosen methods are deployed to achieve the optimal performance of the surveillance video coder. Among others, we propose to use the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict resulting image quality rating scores. The proposed quality assessment model has been trained and tested using a set of grayscale images distorted by selected image compression algorithms     

High resolution 3D “snapshot” ISAR imaging and featureextraction

We have developed a new formulation for three dimensional (3D) radar imaging of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data based on recent developments in high resolution spectral estimation theory. Typically for non real-time applications, image formation is a two step process consisting of motion determination and image generation. The technique presented focuses on this latter process, and assumes the motion of the target is known. The new technique offers several advantages over conventional techniques which are based on the correlation imaging function. In particular, the technique provides for a direct 3D estimate (versus back projection to a 3D target grid matrix) of the locations of the dominant scattering centers using only a minimum set of independent 2D range-Doppler ISAR “snapshots” of the target. Because of the snapshot nature of the technique, it is particularly applicable to 3D imaging of sectors of sparse-angle data, for which the sidelobes of the correlation imaging integral become high. Furthermore, the technique provides for an estimate of amplitude and phase of each scattering center as a function of aspect angle to the target, for those aspect angles which encompass the set of 2D range-Doppler snapshots. Results illustrating the technique developed are presented for both simulated and static range data     

双基地角时变下的ISAR稀疏孔径自聚焦成像

针对双基地角时变下的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像分辨率低以及稀疏孔径存在相位误差引起图像散焦等问题,提出了一种基于贝叶斯压缩感知（BCS）的双基地ISAR稀疏孔径自聚焦高分辨成像算法。在平动补偿后回波数据的基础上,首先构造补偿相位将由双基地角时变引起的多普勒偏移补偿掉,然后构造随双基地角变化的稀疏基矩阵,建立基于压缩感知的双基地ISAR稀疏孔径观测模型,并将相位误差作为ISAR成像的模型误差,接着假设目标图像各像元服从Laplace先验、噪声统计特性服从Gaussian分布,利用贝叶斯推理进行"分布式"迭代求解,在高分辨成像的同时实现了相位自聚焦,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于系统级测量参量的红外成像仿真方法

针对新型红外成像系统的成像特性,通过对光电场景图像与系统输出图像特性的客观比较,推导了场景图像灰度到光电成像系统输出图像的灰度转换模型;首次提出了基于系统级的测量参数:SiTF、MTF、NETD、噪声等效背景照度的光电输出成像的仿真方法,并给出了仿真结果.最后现场试验验证了其合理性.     

Adaptive nulling of SAR sidelobe discretes

By using adaptive subarrays for crossrange imaging we have developed a computationally simple method that removes any image degradation caused by strong, discrete clutter located in the crossrange sidelobes of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. The procedure is based on the minimization of the mean interference power with the constraint that the image of a desired scatterer is undistorted. The applicability of the approach has been illustrated by simulation     

Use of Nonquadratic Regularization in Fourier Imaging

In many Fourier imaging applications, the presence of unaccounted for amplitude or phase errors in the Fourier domain data can lead to a degraded system impulse response and high sidelobes in the image domain. Historically, many methods for data-driven correction of these effects have been proposed, and numerical optimization of nonquadratic, p-norm image quality metrics has recently emerged as a robust solution. This paper presents a tutorial examination of the sources of image sidelobes in Fourier imaging applications, and studies the effectiveness of p-norm regularization algorithms under various experimental conditions. Several observations are made, including comments on robustness to noise and methods for tapered window design and energy-constrained sparse aperture imaging. Image examples are presented as experimental validation.     

Dynamic infrared scene simulation using grayscale modulation of digital micro-mirror device

 Dynamic infrared scene simulation is for discovering and solving the problems encountered in designing, developing and manufacturing infrared imaging guidance weapons. The infrared scene simulation is explored by using the digital grayscale modulation method. The infrared image modulation model of a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) is established and then the infrared scene simulator prototype which is based on DMD grayscale modulation is developed. To evaluate its main parameters such as resolution, contrast, minimum temperature difference, gray scale, various DMD subsystems such as signal decoding, image normalization, synchronization drive, pulse width modulation (PWM) and DMD chips are designed. The infrared scene simulator is tested on a certain infrared missile seeker. The test results show preliminarily that the infrared scene simulator has high gray scale, small geometrical distortion and highly resolvable imaging resolution and contrast and yields high-fidelity images, thus being able to meet the requirements for the infrared scene simulation inside a laboratory.     

Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radar and Moving Targets

This paper considers the effects of slowly moving targets as they appear in the output of an airborne coherent side-looking synthetic aperture imaging radar. The image of a moving reflector is described, and two approaches to airborne moving target indication (AMTI) are summarized. It is shown that the effects of target movement are decreased as the radar scan rate is increased, and are increased as the (Doppler processed) compression ratio is increased.     

方位维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)运动补偿成象中的预加处理

在方位维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）运动补偿成象中,为了获得方位维的高分辨力,需要处理的数据量很大。预加处理首先对原始数据进行频移和滤波,然后由滤波后的数据进行抽取,从而大大压缩了所需处理的数据,减小了运动补偿和成象的计算量,提高了成象处理速度。电磁仿真数据和外场实测数据的处理结果验证了预加处理的有效性。     

Defect Recognition in Thermosonic Imaging

This work is aimed at developing an effective method for defect recognition in thermosonic imaging.The heat mechanism of thermosonic imaging is introduced,and the problem for defect recognition is discussed.For this purpose,defect existing in the inner wall of a metal pipeline specimen and defects embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminate are tested.The experimental data are processed by pulse phase thermography(PPT) method to show the phase images at different frequencies,and the characteristic of phase angle vs frequency curve of thermal anomalies and sound area is analyzed.A binary image,which is based on the characteristic value of defects,is obtained by a new recognition algorithm to show the defects.Results demonstrate good defect recognition performance for thermosonic imaging,and the reliability of this technique can be improved by the method.     

基于稀疏分解的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

空间目标双基地逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像中,双基地角时变会造成二维图像的散焦。针对此问题,在三大同步理想可实现的条件下,以平稳空间目标为研究对象,分析了空间目标双基地ISAR成像原理,研究了双基地角时变对二维图像散焦的影响机理,提出了利用稀疏分解实现高精度自聚焦的算法。首先,将半双基地角的余弦进行泰勒展开;其次,结合目标的平动及转动条件,将成像相位项用多项式建模;然后,利用稀疏分解算法估计多项式的二次项系数,据此构建补偿项完成相位补偿。算法利用L-曲线准则选取正则参数,基于目标尺寸的先验信息构建冗余基的高分辨因子,利用推广的正则化欠定系统聚焦求解（FOCUSS）算法实现稀疏表示系数的估计,在恰当选取词典分辨率的条件下,算法可实现二次相位项的精确补偿,仿真实验验证了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。     

Joint time-frequency transform for radar range-Doppler imaging

Conventional radar imaging uses the Fourier transform to retrieve Doppler information. However, due to the complex motion of a target, the Doppler frequency shifts are actually time-varying. By using the Fourier transform, the Doppler spectrum becomes smeared and the image is blurred. Without resorting to sophisticated motion compensation algorithms, the image blurring problem can be resolved with the joint time-frequency transform. High-resolution time-frequency transforms are investigated, and examples of applications to radar imaging of single and multiple targets with complex motion are given     

无人直升机视觉着陆中的运动状态估计算法

对无人直升机(UH)视觉着陆中基于视觉图像处理的运动状态估计问题进行了研究。介绍了视觉着陆原理,分析了运动估计、特征图像处理与着陆控制间的关系,推导并建立了UH相对着陆平台位姿估计算法、线速度与角速度估计算法。相邻两帧图像对应特征点像点位置为位姿估计算法提供数据,一帧图像特征点像点位置及其对应像点平移速度为线速度与角速度估计算法提供数据。利用UH着陆控制仿真数据模拟UH着陆运动过程中像点位置及其对应平移速度的视觉图像处理结果。仿真验证了运动状态估计算法,结果表明所提出的运动状态估计算法能有效地利用视觉图像处理结果数据估计出UH的位置、姿态、线速度和角速度。     

Improved imaging for X-ray inspection systems

A number of advancements for X-ray inspection systems have recently been implemented in the image presented to the operator. Advances in the use of color and image fusion techniques have been developed to maximize the information available in the initial view shown on the monitor. Different techniques are appropriate depending upon the size of the inspection item. Inspection of checked and carry-on baggage requires imaging methods that would not be appropriate for use on larger, more complex objects such as cargo containers or whole trucks. Color-coded presentation of CT images of baggage imposes yet other demands. Comparative images and analyses are presented to support choices for imaging on L-3 Communications systems in terms of the conflicting requirements of cost, sensitivity, resolution, and penetration. A number of enhancements are available to the operator and their influence on system performance is explored. Some experimental enhancements are demonstrated and their trade-offs discussed. The imaging system is ultimately based on hardware, and the choice of detectors, amplifiers, and sampling methods plays an important role in overall performance. Image degradation can be caused by deficiencies in the imaging hardware. Effects such as detector cross-talk and afterglow will negatively impact system performance. Recognition of these factors and steps to mitigate them are discussed. The effect of X-ray source choices such as beam voltage, milliamps, and sampling rate has a direct influence on the image quality and bag dose. Results of theoretical modeling as well as results on actual systems are presented. For a given bag dose, the trade-off between sensitivity, resolution, and penetration are considered. Possibilities for future advancements in imaging for X-ray inspection systems are explored.     

一种微波关联成像的新方法

将强度关联量子成像理论引入到雷达成像技术中,提出了一种全新的微波关联成像方法。向目标发射多个幅度、相位可控的单元信号,同时记录各个信号的状态并结合距离信息制作＂成像底版＂,通过对回波信号和＂成像底版＂的关联结果进行数理统计后可实现雷达高分辨成像。