系绳卫星控制系统可重构性评价指标

针对系绳卫星控制系统,展开系绳卫星控制系统可重构性评价指标的研究。首先建立了由三个子卫星组成的系绳卫星控制系统;然后针对该模型进行可重构性评价,给出可重构性评价指标,该指标不仅描述了系统的重构能力,同时还强化了可重构性评价对重构策略指导的作用,体现了重构设计对可重构性评价方法的依赖性。最后通过数值算例,分析了系绳卫星的可重构性指标,并对故障后的系统重新设计重构控制律使其保持稳定。     

四旋翼无人机执行器可重构性量化评价方法研究

随着对系统安全性和可靠性要求的不断提高,故障系统的自主恢复能力即系统的可重构性受到高度关注,然而现有对于控制系统可重构性量化评价的方法主要针对线性系统,因此以具有强耦合、欠驱动、强非线性的四旋翼无人机（quadrotor UAV）为被控对象,提出了一种基于双滑模面鲁棒观测器与马氏距离结合的非线性系统可重构性量化评价方法。首先,在四旋翼无人机非线性模型的基础上,设计了具有对扰动和故障均不敏感的双滑模面鲁棒观测器,用于实现对系统状态的准确估计;其次,在执行器饱和及系统状态误差指标双约束条件下,采用基于马氏距离的相似度法,对非线性系统可重构性进行量化评价;最后,通过四旋翼无人机仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法能够真实反映不同故障程度下系统的可重构性量化水平,为非线性故障系统控制策略调整补偿提供了重要依据。      

深空探测器可重构性评价与自主重构策略

针对深空探测过程中资源严重受限(包括计算资源、硬件资源以及能量资源)和不可维修的特点,开展了深空探测器可重构性综合评价方法和自主重构的研究。通过在地面设计阶段考虑深空探测器控制系统的可重构性,定量地给出了系统可重构性综合评价指标,并基于该指标指导系统自主重构策略的设计,从设计角度提高了深空探测器控制系统运行质量,实现了深空探测器的自主故障处理和自主运行。     

基于启发式算法的可重构性指标分配

串联有约束条件下的可重构性指标分配问题,针对考虑部件故障的系统给出了可重构度的概念和计算方法,并论证了其合理性.结合最优冗余分配理论和可重构度定义给出了可重构度最大化的冗余分配模型,在此基础上提出了基于启发式算法的可重构性指标分配方法,该方法可解决约束条件内资源优化配置问题,并得到系统最大可重构度的解.直接寻查法作为以往具有代表性的最优冗余分配方法,用作系统可重构性指标分配仿真,与所提方法作比较,结果显示基于启发式算法的可重构性指标分配方法较前者有更高的有效性.     

基于特征结构配置的导弹可重构控制器设计

针对简化后的导弹姿态控制系统,运用特征结构配置法,提出了一种改进的控制系统的重构方法.根据输出反馈特征值配置原理,给出了原闭环系统特征结构的确定方法,并对可重构控制器的代价函数的确定方法进行了改进.这种算法通过输出反馈可以确保闭环系统的稳定性,同时可以解决故障前后系统阶数不一致的问题.仿真结果表明,该方法能够在保证故障后闭环系统稳定的基础上使系统性能得到最大可能的恢复.      

资源受限嵌入式机电控制系统功耗感知调度

针对嵌入式机电控制系统的能耗受限问题,提出了一种基于功耗感知和反馈调度的能耗管理方法.研究了嵌入式机电控制系统的静态功耗调度模型,提出了一种基于控制代价和系统能耗的联合优化指标,并给出了其优化解.针对在动态调度模型下运算开销大,难以在线实现的问题,采用智能计算方法逼近优化结果.对比了4种智能计算方法的逼近精度和调度开销,采用小波神经网络逼近优化结果.仿真的结果表明:该方法在保证了控制性能的同时,降低了调度开销和系统能耗.      

橡皮液压成形工艺的可靠性稳健优化设计方法

针对当前橡皮液压成形工艺过程中材料特性、工艺参数和其他随机因素都存在的固有波动问题,面向飞机精准制造,提出了一种考虑不确定性的可靠性稳健优化设计方法.该方法基于稳健优化设计和合理的可靠性约束,对比了可靠性稳健优化解和传统优化解相关度量指标,并对2B06-O态铝合金板材橡皮成形典型的曲弯边零件进行了工艺试验验证.结果表明该方法可有效降低质量评价指标对不确定性因素的敏感度,提高了橡皮成形工艺的稳健性和可靠性.     

运载火箭十表捷联惯组配置的故障诊断与决策

容错技术及故障诊断技术是提高导航系统的精度及控制系统的可靠性的有效方法,尤其是捷联导航系统中的故障诊断技术,已经在运载火箭控制系统中得到了广泛的应用。针对运载火箭十表捷联惯组配置,提出了一种故障诊断和决策方法,并在此基础上进行了信息重构方案和故障诊断门限的设计。数学仿真结果表明：该方法能够快速诊断惯性器件表头故障并进行信息重构,实现故障情况下的输出,进而完成飞行任务,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

基于双层协方差矩阵重构的稳健波束形成算法

针对协方差矩阵含目标信号分量及目标导向矢量失配情况下，传统自适应波束形成器性能急剧下降的问题，提出了干扰加噪声协方差矩阵双层重构的稳健波束形成算法。首先，利用稀疏重构的方法预估干扰加噪声协方差矩阵，通过估计干扰导向矢量及干扰功率对干扰加噪声协方差矩阵进行优化校正；然后，基于子空间理论建立导向矢量约束误差优化模型，利用迭代方法对凸优化模型进行求解，得到最优权值向量。仿真结果表明:所提算法显著提高了波束形成器在目标导向矢量约束误差及阵列误差情况下的稳健性，低快拍条件下表现较好，输出性能优于仿真对比算法。      

可修产品的步进应力加速寿命试验统计分析

为了通过可修产品在步进应力加速寿命试验中产生的故障数据,评估可修产品的寿命和可靠性指标,基于产品在两个不同应力水平下的累积故障强度函数相等的原则,提出了可修系统步进应力加速寿命试验的时间折合公式.通过反复迭代,可修系统在步进应力加速寿命试验过程中产生的故障数据可以折合到相同试验条件下.在产品进行最小修复的假设下,采用引入位置参数的三参数Weibull过程结合Peck加速模型对试验过程进行拟合.通过使用该模型对折合后的数据进行处理,外推得到了可修产品在正常应力条件下的寿命和可靠性指标.使用剩余分布抽样方法进行计算机仿真,验证本文方法的正确性.结果证明该模型和方法不仅在参数估计方面比传统的模型有更高的精度,而且还可以应用到可靠性增长试验的数据评估中.      

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。