中层大气行星波的跨赤道传播

使用一个全球原始方程半谱模式,模拟了行星波的跨赤道传播。结果指出:冬半球对流层顶附近准定常行星波的幅度起伏和相位变化,可以造成中层大气行星波的跨赤道传播,并且在夏半球形成瞬变行星波。所得结果为中层大气行星波的跨赤道传播、夏半球行星波的形成和南北半球之间的耦合提供了一种物理机制。     

大气温度剖面的行星波驻波结构

利用Ｎ８ｍｂｕｓ－７卫星上角度扫描红外辐射计（ＳＡＭＳ）的资料，分析出大气温度剖面具有行星波垂直结构的驻波结构；讨论了波长、振幅随高度的分布，驻波结构随经度、纬度的变化，以及可能的形成机制。     

极区中层惯性重力波VFH雷达观测的统计特征

本文采用ＳＯＵＳＹ ＶＨＦ雷达１９８７年６月２２日至６月２９日在挪威ＡｎｄΦｙａ（６９°Ｎ,１０°Ｅ）的观测数据,研究中层惯性重力波传播的统计特征,２１个周期为数小时的准单色波例子,在垂直方向上有确定的相位移动,表明它们是惯性内重力波,通过分析波相关水平扰动速度的矢端曲线,获得了水平传播矢量的大小和方向的分布,大多数（７６％）波具有西向传播的波矢分量,似乎与中层顶具有强的西向背景风有关;水平传播速     

太阳耀斑活动对中层大气温度的影响

本文利用NIMBUS-7SAMS温度资料,分析研究了1979年至1982年期间发生的3.5级以上大耀斑事件对中层大气温度的影响。并对其物理过程进行了分析和讨论。主要结论是:在太阳大耀斑爆发前后的一两天内,在20°N-60°N地区的中间层大气上部,大气温度有明显降低,中间层下部则有明显增加。对平流层顶高度以下的大气温度没有明显影响。     

瑞利激光雷达反演中层大气温度算法

瑞利激光雷达是探测中层大气温度的重要设备,具有高时空分辨率且不存在探测盲区的优点.为充分利用激光雷达探测到的原始数据,改进了传统的Chanin-Haunchecorne方法,采用由均匀搜索生成温度初值的方式反演大气温度.位于北京延庆（40.3°N,116.2°E）的瑞利激光雷达具有589nm和532nm两个通道,将589nm通道用于计算,532nm通道作为参考.在150~250K区间等间隔选取多个温度初值,利用589nm通道反演60~70km高度范围内的大气温度廓线和大气密度廓线,利用参考密度廓线选取准确的温度初值,反演得到准确的大气温度廓线.将589nm通道和532nm通道反演的温度廓线相比较,发现二者具有较高的一致性.改进后的方法有效利用了信噪比较差的光信号,使589nm通道的温度探测上限从60km提高到70km.     

武汉中层大气中频雷达及其初步探测结果

首先简要地讨论了武汉中频雷达观测原理和设备的组成，该雷达测量60-100km高度的大气风场和电子密度，风场采用分布天线测量技术和全相关分析方法得到，电子密度通过微分吸收和微分相位技术获得，初步观测结果表明：（1）武汉上空冬季60-100km高度的纬向风多为西风，风速为30-50m/s，经向风速为10-20m/s，垂直风速较小，一般在5m/s以内，（2）60-100km高度范围的大气风场和电子密度均有明显的日变化，风场在某些时段和高度区间有较强的风剪切出现。（3）80km以上高度大气的风场和电子密度存在较明显的扰动现象，它可能与大气波动过程有关。     

青岛上空中层大气密度和温度的激光雷达探测

介绍了中国电波传播研究所瑞利散射激光雷达系统的结构和性能, 阐述了激光雷达探测中层大气密度和温度的工作原理, 给出了青岛地区中层大气密度和温度的初步探测结果. 通过与卫星、探空气球和大气模式数据的结果对比, 验证了激光雷达探测大气温度的可靠性. 基于2008-2009两年的观测, 获得了青岛地区上空中层大气温度的季节变化和平均分布. 激光雷达观测结果表明, 青岛地区平流层温度比CIRA86模式结果高, 且二者偏差呈夏秋季小、冬春季大的特点, 中间层温度则正好相反.     

重力波对中层顶区光化加热的影响

计算了重力波过程对光化加热的影响,并研究了不同温度背景及不同氧原子的背景分析对该过程的影响,计算表明重力波可以造成中层顶光反应加热的损失。     

大气准两年振荡对赤道行星波上传的影响

本文讨论了热带大气行星波在QBO风场中向上传播的规律,并运用数值模拟的方法,得到了开尔文波和混合罗斯贝重力波在QBO不同相位下交替上传的结果。试图用QBO对行星波的调制解释QBO在日地相关性中的作用.     

我国地区20-80 km高空大气温度特征

利用Nimbus-7卫星1979-1981年的平流层和中间层大气温度探测(SAMS)数据,首次较全面地分析了我国上空20-80km高度大气温度的分布特征,并与COSPAR国际参考大气CIRA-1986进行了比较.结果指出,我国上空大气温度分布与COSPAR国际参考大气CIRA-1986的缔向平均温度分布存在一定差别,可供航空航天工作者参考.     

Height and time variability of planetary wave activity

The height–season and year-to-year regularities of parameters of first and second spatial harmonics determine the structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere circulation and its variability. In the period 1992–2002 at heights 0–55 km, the amplitudes and phases of the first and second spatial harmonics in the field of temperature, geopotential height, zonal and meridional wind were calculated by the method of harmonic decomposition. Dispersion (standard or mean square deviation) of their day-to-day and year-to-year variations was calculated by their wavelength constants. Height and season patterns of variability have been estimated. The difference in height–longitude variability for wave numbers m = 1 and 2 has been discovered. At the same time, the intensity of wave disturbances for m = 1 is less than for m = 2 excluding the polar areas, where a significant variability appears at the heights 0–55 km. There is also a tendency for the intensity of year-to-year variations to decrease in comparison with day-to-day variations. In cold and warm periods the amplitude of perturbation waves with m = 2 both for day-to-day and year-to-year variations is greater than for waves with m = 1. Transient height areas in the interval of 20–30 km are more distinct for day-to-day variations of polar area.     

Numerical modeling of inhomogeneous orographic wave influence on planetary waves in the middle atmosphere

Parameterization of dynamical and thermal effects of stationary orographic gravity waves (OGWs) generated by the Earth’s surface topography is incorporated into a numerical model of general circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere. Responses of atmospheric general circulation and characteristics of planetary waves at altitudes from the troposphere up to the thermosphere to the effects of OGWs propagating from the earth surface are studied. Changes in atmospheric circulation and amplitudes of planetary waves due to variations of OGW generation and propagation in different seasons are considered. It is shown that during solstices the main OGW dynamical and heat effects occur in the middle atmosphere of winter hemispheres, where changes in planetary wave amplitudes due to OGWs may reach up to 50%. During equinoxes OGW effects are distributed more homogeneously between northern and southern hemispheres.     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

On the planetary ionospheric vortex electric fields

The paper presents a physical mechanism of large-scale vortex electric field generation in the ionospheric E- and F-layers. It shows that the planetary-scale, synoptic short-period (from several second to several hours) and fast processes (with propagation velocity higher than 1 km/s) produce a planetary-scale internal vortex electric field. Its value may far exceed that of the dynamo-field generated in the same ionospheric layer by local wind motion. We found, that an ionospheric source of the vortex electric field is spatial inhomogeneity of the geomagnetic field.     

小尺度重力波引起夜光云反照率变化的统计特征

利用AIM卫星搭载的CIPS云成像探测器获得的云图数据,提取2008-2009年南北半球共6664个小尺度重力波（波长10～150km）个例,通过重力波区域与背景云层反照率变化值的对比分析,研究重力波引起云层反照率的变化特征.结果表明,重力波引起的反照率变化值以正值为主,最大平均值4.48×10^-6sr^-1出现在南半球降交轨道.反照率变化值与IWC变化值正相关,相关系数均在0.85以上.重力波引起的反照率变化呈现出很强的纬度和时间依赖性,且几乎均为正值.反照率变化值在中期阶段（冬/夏至日之后的50天）的高纬地区（>70°）更大,但在中期以外始末阶段的低纬地区（<70°）逐渐变小,甚至开始出现负值.随着背景云层的增强,反照率平均值呈线性增大,小尺度重力波能够引起背景云层反照率约14.6%～28.8%的变化量.当重力波引起的反照率周期性变化的振幅逐渐增大时,反照率变化值也线性增大,变化率约为0.909%～1.194%.南半球的变化率整体比北半球稍小,这与背景大气条件的差异有关     

Application of HF Doppler measurements for the investigation of internal atmospheric waves in the ionosphere

We present results of the spectral analysis of data series of Doppler frequency shifted signals reflected from the ionosphere, using experimental data received at Kazan University, Russia. Spectra of variations with periods from 1 min to 60 days have been calculated and analyzed for different scales of periods. The power spectral density for spring and winter differs by a factor of 3–4. Local maxima of variation amplitude are detected, which are statistically significant. The periods of these amplitude increases range from 6 to 12 min for winter, and from 24 to 48 min for autumn. Properties of spectra for variations with the periods of 1–72 h have been analyzed. The maximum of variation intensity for all seasons and frequencies corresponds to the period of 24 h. Spectra of variations with periods from 3 to 60 days have been calculated. The maxima periods of power spectral density have been detected by the MUSIC method for the high spectral resolution. The detected periods correspond to planetary wave periods. Analysis of spectra for days with different level of geomagnetic activity shows that the intensity of variations for days with a high level of geomagnetic activity is higher.