空间尘埃等离子体中尘粒电荷的相关涨落对尘埃磁声波的影响

本文运用自洽的三流体方程组, 考虑了尘埃的充电过程, 得到均匀磁化尘埃等离子体中垂直于磁场传播的尘埃磁声波的色散关系, 结合空间环境讨论了尘埃电荷的相关涨落对尘埃磁声波的影响.      

空间尘埃的充电过程及与等离子体参数的关系

考虑了地球附近的彗星、行星环、行星际介质等空间尘埃等离子体环境中尘埃颗粒的充电问题．应用典型的空间尘埃等离子体参数，计算了不同种类的尘埃颗粒，以及不同等离子体成分下等离子体中尘粒的平衡电势，得到了尘埃颗粒的平衡电势与尘埃等离子体成分、温度，及其他等离子体参数之间的相互关系．     

彗星中尘埃的带电特性和平衡电势的研究

分析了彗星中尘埃粒子的带电特性，以及计算了彗星尘埃等离子体的典型参数．对Halley彗星和G-Z彗星进行了讨论，得出了彗星中尘埃平衡电势的一些主要规律．一般来说，这些规律也可以适用于其他等离子体彗星．     

月球受光面上月尘静电浮扬特性分析

基于单粒子轨道理论及空间尘埃等离子体充电方程,建立了月球受光面上尘埃微粒的静态荷电模型.基于光电子能量Maxiwellian分布假设,确定了月面垂直空间电场强度和光电子鞘层内带电粒子密度的函数表达式.利用牛顿运动定律和静电场力表达式,构建了月球受光面上尘埃微粒的静电浮扬动力学模型,并进行月尘静态浮扬特性的数值计算.研究结果显示:太阳高度角与颗粒粒径是控制月尘静电浮扬发生及动力学特性的两个基本参量;月尘静电浮扬发生在月球的黎明和黄昏;随着粒径的减少,月尘颗粒的最大浮扬高度不断增加.     

电离层人工加热实验中等离子体线的涨落

为研究高频电磁波在电离层等离子体中激发的等离子体线的涨落,一组电离层加热实验完成于波多黎各的Arecibo射电天文台。激发的等离子体线的强度随时间的涨落与平均加热功率有关。当等离子体受到充分激发时,随平均加热功率增加,涨落的重复频率增加,涨落减弱且变得无规则。当峰值功率或脉冲长度改变时,涨落的改变表现为重复周期的汇合或分裂。离子线的涨落与等离子体线的涨落相关,但重复频率较高。对所观测的现象提出了一种解释。      

静电电荷量传感器标定技术研究

静电电荷量传感器在精密机械、航空发动机的状态监测、故障预测以及健康管理方面有着广泛应用。介绍了静电电荷量传感器的标定技术，基于油滴荷电的原理，结合直流高压源、支撑固定装置、电荷量测量装置研制了静电电荷量传感器标定系统。通过油滴实验，获得了油滴荷电量与施加电压、油滴大小、温湿度之间的关系，分析了影响标定装置的因素。     

双麦克斯韦分布下极区中层尘埃粒子带电研究

在大功率微波照射下,极区中层夏季回波（PMSE）会立刻消失,该现象被称为极区中层加热现象.在大功率微波照射极区中层时,电子在微波电场加速下产生的定向运动速度与热运动速度可以比拟,极区中层的尘埃等离子体服从双麦克斯韦分布.基于双麦克斯韦分布下尘埃粒子充电理论给出极区中层尘埃粒子的电荷分布,比较了大功率微波对极区中层加热前和加热时,尘埃粒子电荷以及极区中层电子浓度的变化.结果表明,采用大功率微波装置加热极区中层会影响电子对尘埃粒子的充电进而导致电子浓度变化,这对解释极区中层加热现象具有重要意义.      

大功率高频无线电波对赤道E区双流不稳定性的影响--PIC静电粒子模拟研究

地面入射的大功率高频无线电波(泵波)和电离层等离子体之间的参数相互作用，能够引起静电波的激发，在一定条件下，产生不稳定性．本文用PIC静电粒子模拟方法，研究泵波与赤道电离层E区等离子体的相互作用．研究结果表明，泵波能够控制双流不稳定性的发生，在不同条件下，泵波对双流不稳定性起着稳定与不稳作用，模拟结果定性地与理论研究结果相符合，这为我们对不规则体产生的地面人工控制提供了依据．     

极区中层夏季回波火箭探空观测的个例分析

利用仅发生极区中层夏季回波 (Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes, PMSE) 现象时的ECT-02 火箭探空数据, 反演出电子数密度和尘埃电荷数密度. 这些典型的极区中层顶的基本参量为研究PMSE提供了良好的数据基础. 通过分析得出了极区中 层顶区域属于弱电离、弱耦合尘埃等离子体的结论. 根据电子数密度数扰动分析PMSE现象发现, 电子数密度的扰动与PMSE有密切的联系, 扰动强烈的地方回波就强, 扰动弱的地方回波就弱, 或者不发生PMSE 现象.      

行星际结构与准平行无碰撞激波的相互作用

应用一维混合模拟方法数值研究了高密度等离子体团和行星际激波与准平行无碰撞激波的相互作用．结果表明，由于推平行无碰撞激波上游的大振幅低频波动的散射，除了在通过激波过渡区时稍有压缩外，等离子体团从激波的上游开始就一直是不断弥散的．行星际激波在向准平行无碰撞激波靠近的过程中，会在其上游产生大振幅的低频波动，同时行星际激波的强度不断增加，最后和准平行无碰撞激波会并成一个新的激波，在新激波前继续有大振幅的低频波动产生     

Effects of electrostatic forces on the vertical structure of planetary rings

We have calculated the vertical structure of planetary dust rings as it results from a balance between an electrostatic force on the dust grains and the vertical component of the gravitational force from the central planet. The electrostatic force results from the charging of the dust grains by the ambient plasma and a large scale electric field due to a shielding electric field and the resulting vertical dust distribution are strongly dependent on dust size, dust and plasma density, plasma temperature and plasma ion type. The dust density distribution has a different dependence on these parameters in tenuous and in dense dust rings. We solve the relevant equations numerically and also by linearization in the limiting cases of tenuous or dense rings. Our results indicate that the effects treated in this paper may be important in both Jupiter's and Saturn's rings.     

Formation of Saturn's spokes

The scattering properties of the spokes in Saturn's rings suggest that they consist of micron-sized dust particles. We suggest that these grains are elevated above the ring plane by electrostatic charging. We show that electrostatic levitation requires a sufficiently large plasma density near the rings. If the plasma density near the rings exceeds a few 10² cm^?3 levitation may occur at significant rates in the strong electric fields which exist in the wall-sheaths at the ring. Once the dust particles are elevated they drift relative to the plasma (except at synchronous orbit). This relative motion constitutes a current which causes a polarization electric field if the plasma is azimuthally inhomogeneous. The dense plasma will drift radially in response to this electric field and cause levitation of more dust particles as it moves along. It leaves a radially aligned trail of elevated dust particles—the spokes. One way of producing dense plasma is by meteor impact on the rings. We discuss the mechanisms of ring charging, electrostatic levitation and the currents in the plasma-dust mixture. We show that for reasonable conditions spokes of more than 10,000 km radial length can be formed in less than five minutes. We also show that under the same conditions the electrostatic levitation model predicts a dust grain population which peaks at a size of 0.6 microns and can reach optical depths of 0.1.     

Voyager 2 plasma wave observations at Uranus

At Uranus, the Voyager 2 plasma wave investigation observed very significant phenomena related to radio emissions, dust impacts and magnetospheric wave-particle interactions. On January 19, 1986 (R= 270R_U) the plasma wave investigation detected an intense radio burst at 31 and 56 kHz, and this provided the first indication that Uranus had a magnetosphere. During the encounter we observed more of these sporadic bursts, along with relatively continuous radio emissions extending down to 10 kHz, and a sporadic narrowband radio signal with f near 5 kHz. As Voyager passed through the ring plane, the plasma wave investigation recorded a large number of dust impacts. The dust ring was relatively diffuse (thickness of several thousand kilometers) and the peak impact rate was near 50 hits/second. The Voyager 2 plasma wave instrument also detected many strong electromagnetic and electrostatic plasma waves, with intensity peaks in the region within 12 Uranus adii. These waves have characteristics that can interact strongly with the local plasma and with the trapped energetic particles, leading to precipitation into the atmosphere, charged particle acceleration, and charged particle diffusion. In addition we detected strong wave activity in the region of the bow shock and moderate levels in the magnetic tail.     

Alfvén waves propagation in homogeneous and dusty astrophysical plasmas

Astrophysical plasma coexist with dust particles in many situations. These particles are charged either negatively or positively depending on their surrounding plasma environments. This system of such charged dust, electrons, and ions forms a so-called dusty plasma. We discuss the effects of the dust particles on the propagation and absorption of the Alfvén waves in (i) stellar winds and (ii) in star formation regions. In both cases, we have shown the importance of a strong damping of Alfvén waves due to the dust and the consequences for wind acceleration and the changes in the Jeans length related to the star formation process.     

Effects of adiabaticity and non-adiabaticity of dust charge fluctuation on the propagation of the dust ion acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasma

A theoretical investigation has been made for adiabatic positive and negative dust charge fluctuations on the propagation of dust-ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in a weakly inhomogeneous, collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasmas consisting of cold positive ions, stationary positively and negatively charged dust particles and isothermal electrons. The reductive perturbation method is employed to reduce the basic set of fluid equations to the variable coefficients Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. Either compressive or rarefactive solitons are shown to exist depending on the critical value of the ion density, which in turn, depends on the inhomogeneous distribution of the ion. The dissipative effects of non-adiabatic dust charge variation has been studied which cause generation of dust ion acoustic shock waves governed by KdV-Burger (KdVB) equation. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some dusty plasma environments, such as dusty plasma existing in polar mesosphere region.     

Solitary and periodic waves in magneto–rotating plasmas: Effect of the Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons

The nonlinear propagation of ion–acoustic (IA) waves in a magneto–rotating plasma is studied by considering the Kappa-Cairns electron distribution. Employing the perturbation scheme, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived. It is seen that both positive and negative potential solitons can be supported in the present plasma model. The numerical results reveal that the Kappa-Cairns distributed electrons modify features of the electrostatic waves significantly. The effects of non–thermal parameters, plasma rotation frequency, ion temperature, and the wave propagation angle on electrostatic solitary wave structures are also discussed here. It is found that the plasma parameters considerably influence the propagation of IA waves in rotating plasmas. Furthermore, using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to the K-dV equation, we have presented the existence of solitary and periodic traveling waves. Our study may be helpful to understand the behavior of ion–acoustic wave in the rotating plasma.     

Comet-solar wind interactions: A dusty point of view

Anticipating the new results from the space missions to Comet Halley and Comet Giacobini-Zinner, we make a brief review of recent theoretical and observational studies of dust-plasma environment. In order to relate different disciplines in cometary research in the context of comet-solar wind interaction, two separate issues: (a) surface processes and (b) plasma processes are considered to indicate how various kinds of observations of cometary dust comas and tails may be used to infer the conditions of solar wind - comet interaction and the corresponding plasma processes in the cometary ionospheres and ion tails (and vice-versa). In particular, it is suggested that the narrow sunward-pointing dust streamers emitted from the cometary nuclei could be related to the electrostatic transport of sub-micron dust over the nuclear surfaces at large heliocentric distances; and the striae sometimes observed in cometary dust tails at smaller heliocentric distances could be the consequence of electrostatic fragmentation of fluffy dust particles in the ion tails.     

Some recent results in the interpretation of high brightness temperature microwave spike emission

Theoretical work on the interpretation of high brightness temperature microwave spike emission is reviewed, with emphasis upon recent contributions from the University of Maryland. Recent work on the interpretation of the spike emission as gyrosynchrotron masering is reviewed. Two alternative radiation mechanisms, stimulated plasma emission from the coherent intraction of electrostatic upper hybrid waves and from the interaction of electron plasma waves, are also discussed.