利用MF雷达对耀斑期间电离层D区电子密度的观测研究

利用MF雷达观测资料对X级别耀斑爆发期间在66-80km高度之间的电子密度进行了研究，观测到了耀斑爆发期间电子密度的突然增加，在较低高度上的电子密度的时间变化趋势与耀斑的软X射线辐射通量相关．电子密度的变化强度依赖于具体的耀斑参数，有些耀斑引起的电子密度增加高达400cm^-3，有些仅为100cm^-3左右．但耀斑期间在这一高度区间增加的总电子含量增量仅占耀斑辐射引起的整个电离层总电子含量增量的千分之一左右．最后，利用恢复阶段电子密度的时间变化过程估算了1997年11月4日耀斑期间部分高度上的有效复合系数．     

太阳X射线耀斑活动区的一些特征

对ISEE-3人造卫星在1980年5月—1981年8月中,观测到的48个X射线耀斑进行了分析,发现其中有1/3是在6个活动区中重复爆发的.研究这部分X射线耀斑的物理性质与所在活动区的黑子面积、活动区类型及磁结构的关系,得到了一些结果:(1)发生在同一活动区中的X射线耀斑,其硬X射线峰值积分流量及谱硬度与活动区黑子面积成正相关;(2)多次爆发X射线耀斑的活动区全部具有δ型磁结构;(3)发生在不同活动区中的X射线耀斑,其物理特征与所在活动区的面积大小无明显关系.由此可以认为,活动区磁场梯度的大小,亦即活动区电流的大小,在爆发耀斑的过程中具有决定性作用.此外,还用电流环模型从理论上讨论了上述特征.     

1983年2月3日双带耀斑爆发事件的综合分析

本文在统一模型的考虑下,对1983年2月3日太阳3B级Hα双带耀斑和共生的爆发事件进行了综合分析研究.探讨了其中主要的共生辐射的物理过程和内在联系,并讨论了Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型和微波射电爆发源的非热电子束流对产生Hα双带耀斑和硬X射线爆发所起的重要作用.     

1986年2月的高太阳活动研究──Ⅳ日地扰动事件耦合初析

利用光学、射电、软X射线和硬X射线观测资料,对1986年2月系列太阳爆发中最大的两个耀斑作相似与相异性的分析,解释它们近地空间效应的区别,对该系列太阳爆发事件和叠加在一起的地球事件作认证研究.      

重返月球,该如何应付太阳磁暴

今年1月20日15时左右，太阳发生一次X7．9级的耀斑爆发(俗称太阳风暴或太阳磁暴)。这是继16日、17日、19日太阳连续几次发生X级(太阳耀斑爆发从小到大可分为A、B、C、M、X五级，以X级为最强)耀斑爆发后的又一次大爆发。这也是15年来太阳发生的级别最高的太阳磁暴。受此次太阳耀斑爆发的影响，世界上许多地方通信、广播、     

1996-2002年太阳耀斑的统计分析

分析了1996-2002年南北半球的太阳黑子相对数和南北半球太阳X射线耀斑级别(简称Imp)≥M1．0的太阳X射线耀斑的特征和不对称性．分析结果表明，南北半球的太阳耀斑活动的程度交替上升，在2001年7月以前北半球的太阳耀斑活动强于南半球，2001年7月开始耀斑活动逐渐以南半球为主．本文还逐月分析了1996—2001年南北半球的耀斑指数．2000年7月为第23周太阳指数最大的一个月，与第23周太阳黑子相对数最大月均值吻合．     

X射线耀斑的分析及其与Ha耀斑的比较

本文利用SMM卫星的X射线资料,以及云南天文台的光学观测资料,分析了1980年7月14日的3B级耀斑.求得X射线耀斑能谱随时间的变化;计算了耀斑爆发时加速的电子总数和电子的平均能量;并测量和比较了Hα耀斑和X射线爆源的位置.结果表明:(1)硬X射线爆由高能非热电子束引起;(2)软X射线爆基本上由高温等离子体的热韧致辐射所产生,但必须考虑非热电子轫致辐射的贡献;(3)确定X射线爆源的高度,有赖于耀斑模型及活动区磁场位形.所得结果支持耀斑过程的新浮磁流模型(EMF模型).     

1989年3月大宇宙线暴事件的特征

本文分析了1989年3月一系列大耀斑等离子体抛射引起的宇宙线强度变化的特征.除对中子成分分析外,还对μ介子成分及其各向异性特征作了分析,讨论了宇宙线强度变化与太阳耀斑特性和地磁扰动之间的关系。分析发现,宇宙线的Forbush下降不仅与太阳耀斑的级别、持续时间,以及在日面上的位置有关,而且还与光学耀斑是否伴有强的X射线暴、是否有强的射电爆发,以及是否引起强的地磁暴紧密有关.各向异性分析表明,3月大事件的各向异性明显小于宁静时的各向异性,这可能是因为受到太阳活动强烈调制之后,宇宙线各向异性趋于减小的原因.     

大耀斑期间向日面电离层总电子含量的响应个例分析

利用2001年4月15日1336UT耀斑爆发期间向日面GPS观测数据提取的总电子含量的时间变化曲线。分析了向日面电离层对这次耀斑的响应特点．结果表明，耀斑期间向日面电离层出现了总电子含量突增事件．最大总电子含量增加量约为2．6TECU，在0600LT和1800LT都观测到了总电子含量突增，世增加幅度仅为0．5-1TECU．在高纬地区，由于电离层闪烁，从TEC时间变化曲线提取不出来总电子含量增加值．从各卫星星下点处的TEC增加量和各星下点处的太阳天顶角的关系可以看到，TEC增加量与太阳天顶角有关，太阳天顶角越大，TEC增幅越小。另外，从总电子含量时间变化率曲线上还观测到了时间同步的小尺度扰动，通过与耀斑期间硬X射线辐射通量的比较，发现两者有明显的相关性，电离层中的这种扰动与耀斑期间的硬X射线或远紫外辐射有关．     

第21～24太阳周4类空间天气事件爆发特征统计分析

对第21～24太阳周不同等级的太阳X射线耀斑事件、太阳质子事件、地磁暴事件及高能电子增强事件的爆发频次特征进行统计,结果表明:太阳周耀斑爆发的总数量与该太阳周的黑子数峰值呈正比,耀斑总数、X级耀斑事件数与峰值的相关系数分别为0.974,0.997;太阳质子事件主要发生在峰年前后1～2年,约占总发生次数的80%,峰值通量大于10pfu （1 pfu=1 cm-2·sr-1·s-1）的质子事件中,84%伴有耀斑爆发,并且主要伴随M或X级耀斑,少量伴随C级耀斑,峰值通量大于1000pfu的质子事件中,98%伴随M或X级耀斑,并且以X级耀斑为主;第21,22,23和24太阳周发生地磁暴最频繁的时间分别在1982,1991,2003年和2015年,分别滞后黑子数峰值时间3年、2年、2年和1年;72%的高能电子增强事件发生在太阳周下降期,24%的高能电子增强事件发生在太阳周上升期.      

日冕物质抛射在太阳活动周期内的变化

本文利用SMM1980年和1984年观测的两组日冕物质抛射事件(CMF)及同期耀斑和爆发日珥观测资料,从速度、位置及活动相关率三个方面分析CME在这两个不同时期的特征,并由此推测它在整个太阳活动周内的变化趋势.      

Study of the 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005 solar flares by means of 2.223 MeV gamma-emission line

By the data on intensity-time profiles of the neutron capture line of 2.223 MeV we have studied some characteristics of two solar flares, 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005 (INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F observations, respectively). The SINP code was applied making allowance for the main processes of neutron interactions and deceleration in the solar plasma, character of neutron source, losses of neutrons and density model of the solar atmosphere. Comparison of the computed time profiles of 2.223 MeV line with observed ones for the flare of 28 October 2003 confirms the results obtained earlier for three other flares. Namely, the effect of density enhancement (EDE) in the sub-flare region, as well as the variations (hardening) of accelerated particle spectrum in the course of the event have been confirmed. The usual modeling procedure by the SINP code, however, seems to be inapplicable to the event of 20 January 2005. Possible causes of density enhancements during some flares and peculiarities of the 20 January 2005 flare are discussed.     

Space observations of comets during solar flares: A possible explanation for comet brightness outbursts

Problems connected with mechanisms for comet brightness outbursts as well as for gamma-ray bursts remain open. Meantime, calculations show that irradiation of a certain class of comet nuclei, having high specific electric resistance, by intense fluxes of energetic protons and positively charged ions with kinetic energies more than 1 MeV/nucleon, ejected from the Sun during strong solar flares, can produce a macroscopic high-voltage electric double layer with positive charge in the subsurface zone of the nucleus, during irradiation times of the order of 10–100 h at heliocentric distances around 1–10 AU. The maximum electric energy accumulated in such layer will be restricted by the electric discharge potential of the layer material. For comet nuclei with typical radii of the order of 1–10 km the accumulated energy of such natural electric capacitor is comparable to the energy of large comet outbursts that are estimated on the basis of ground based optical observations. The impulse gamma and X-ray radiation together with optical burst from the comet nucleus during solar flares, anticipated due to high-voltage electric discharge, may serve as an indicator of realization of the processes above considered. Multi-wavelength observations of comets and pseudo-asteroids of cometary origin, having brightness correlation with solar activity, using ground based optical telescopes as well as space gamma and X-ray observatories, during strong solar flares, are very interesting for the physics of comets as well as for high energy astrophysics.     

太阳微波射电快速精细结构亚类型的观测分析

通过分析"云南天文台4波段太阳射电快速同步观测系统"1990-01-1994－01取得的103个射电爆发,发现其中29个存在不同类型的快速精细结构（FFS）.尤其是发现了几个少见的亚类FFS现象.本文仅介绍两个亚类型:窄带变周期脉动和宽带慢漂移长周期脉动.这些现象表明太阳射电FFS的多样性,它们发生在射电爆发的不同阶段（耀斑不同相）,从而说明在耀斑演化中日冕非热电子的加速或注入可能贯穿于整个耀斑发展过程.由于耀斑后相FFS的发生,可验证耀斑后相存在磁重联和似环结构（耀斑后环）的重新形成.由于不同的亚类FFS反映日冕中存奇特别的环境条件,从而推测日冕中可能存在更复杂的多重类型的磁结构.      

Results of solar observations by the CORONAS-F payload

The CORONAS-F mission experiments and results have been reviewed. The observations with the DIFOS multi-channel photometer in a broad spectral range from 350 to 1500 nm have revealed the dependence of the relative amplitudes of p-modes of the global solar oscillations on the wavelength that agrees perfectly well with the earlier data obtained in a narrower spectral ranges. The SPIRIT EUV observations have enabled the study of various manifestations of solar activity and high-temperature events on the Sun. The data from the X-ray spectrometer RESIK, gamma spectrometer HELICON, flare spectrometer IRIS, amplitude–temporal spectrometer AVS-F, and X-ray spectrometer RPS-1 have been used to analyze the X- and gamma-ray emission from solar flares and for diagnostics of the flaring plasma. The absolute and relative content of various elements (such as potassium, argon, and sulfur) of solar plasma in flares has been determined for the first time with the X-ray spectrometer RESIK. The Solar Cosmic Ray Complex monitored the solar flare effects in the Earth’s environment. The UV emission variations recorded during solar flares in the vicinity of the 120-nm wavelength have been analyzed and the amplitude of relative variations has been determined.     

SMY和第21太阳周期间地磁及太阳活动特点的分析

本文比较第17—21太阳周黑子数、地磁A_p指数、各周极大年≥2级耀斑数、磁暴数及第一、二、三大磁暴情况;分析了≥2级耀斑数及磁暴的分布。21周3级耀斑对应磁暴比例低于19、20周,Ⅳ型及米波射电爆发是产生磁暴的重要条件。进一步分析了21周最大磁暴、最大射电爆发引起的磁暴,最严重的电离层短波通讯干扰及有明亮物质抛射的大耀斑、双带大耀斑引起的磁暴等典型例子。最后对SMY期间22个无黑子耀斑作了分析,它们可能引起中小幅度的磁暴。      

Thin structure of temporal profiles of solar flares January 15, 17 and 20, 2005 by data of AVS-F apparatus onboard CORONAS-F satellite

The count rate temporal profiles and energy spectra of the solar flares January 15, 17, 20 2005 in hard X-ray and gamma energy bands by data of AVS-F apparatus onboard CORONAS-F satellite are discussed. The energy spectra of these solar flares contain positron line and neutron capture line. Solar flares of January 17 and 20 spectra also contain some nuclear lines. Thin structure with characteristic timescales of 33–92 s is presented on flares temporal profiles in energy bands corresponding to the observed spectral features, which are confirmed by periodogram analysis (confidence level is 99%).     

影响地球环境的太阳质子事件的时间过程

利用1966年以来的大量太阳耀斑以及相应质子事件的资料,分析研究了质子事件到达时间和极大时间同耀斑经度位置的统计关系.结果表明当耀斑位置处于经过地球的行星际大尺度场磁力线足点位置附近时,上述两种时间过程最短.这个结果支持了太阳耀斑粒子经日冕传播再向行星际空间传播的二阶段传播模型.      

He-like Ar xvii triplet observed by RESIK

We present the observations of He-like Ar triplet lines obtained by RESIK spectrometer aboard CORONAS-F. Interpretation of intensity ratios between triplet lines of lower Z elements is known to provide useful diagnostics of plasma conditions within the emitting source. Here, we investigate whether triplet line ratios are useful for interpretation of higher Z element spectra. A high sensitivity, low background and precise absolute calibration of RESIK allow to consider in addition also the continuum contribution. This provides a way to determine the Ar absolute abundance from the observed triplet component ratios. The method is presented and the results are shown for two selected flares. Derived values of Ar absolute abundance for these flares are found to be similar: 2.6 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.9 × 10⁻⁶. They fall in the range between presently accepted Ar photospheric and coronal abundances.     

Solar proton enhancements in different energy channels and coronal mass ejections during the last solar cycle

The main properties of 11622 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission’s Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO-C2) from January 1996 through December 2006 are considered. Moreover, the extended database of solar proton enhancements (SPEs) with proton flux >0.1 pfu at energy >10 MeV measured at the Earth’s orbit is also studied. A comparison of these databases gives new results concerning the sources and acceleration mechanisms of solar energetic particles. Specifically, coronal mass ejections with width >180° (wide) and linear speed >800 km/s (fast) seem they have the best correlation with solar proton enhancements. The study of some specific solar parameters, such as soft X-ray flares, sunspot numbers, solar flare index etc. has showed that the soft X-ray flares with importance >M5 may provide a reasonable proxy index for the SPE production rate. From this work, it is outlined that the good relation of the fast and wide coronal mass ejections to proton enhancements seems to lead to a similar conclusion. In spite of the fact that in the case of CMEs the statistics cover only the last solar cycle, while the measurements of SXR flares are extended over three solar cycles, it is obvious for the studied period that the coronal mass ejections can also provide a good index for the solar proton production.