光栅莫尔条纹信号细分方法设计与Simulink仿真CSCD

根据计量光栅莫尔条纹信号高精度细分的要求,提出了一种基于ADC幅值采样和相位解算的光栅细分方法,并利用Simulink搭建仿真模型,使两路正余弦信号通过正余切变换、幅值采样、固定相位步长细分等处理后输出为两路正交编码信号。仿真实验表明,该细分方法在输入理想信号情况下细分倍数主要与ADC采样精度有关,提高ADC采样位数可有效提高最大细分倍数。通过在两路时变sin/cos信号中添加幅值不等、相位不正交以及高次谐波分量等干扰噪声的仿真实验,验证了该方法的细分精度与信号质量有关。     

模拟开关调制的幅相转换电路

为了使光栅测角系统获得较高的分辨率,通常采用鉴相式电子细分。这就需要把频率随转速变化、幅值随转角变化的光栅幅值信号变成频率固定、幅值不变、仅电相角随机械转角变化的相位信号。本文介绍了采用模拟开关调制的幅相转换电路的原理,对选频放大器和模拟开关的精度进行了理论分析,并给出了实验结果。     

修正万工显光栅数显的示值误差

在万工显的光栅数显和微机测量系统上运用回归分析法,分析建立光栅数显示值误差的数学模型,并编程补偿测量结果,方法简便易行,有效地保证了测量系统的准确度。     

铝基微结构光栅几何参数反演

微结构光栅是一种广泛应用的电子元件。采用随机微粒群优化(SPSO)算法反演了一维铝基衬底矩形光栅的几何结构参数。首先介绍了严格耦合波分析(RCWA)法和微粒群优化算法的基本原理,并采用RCWA法求解了光栅内电磁场问题;然后根据正问题求得的光栅光谱反射率建立目标函数,并采用SPSO算法优化目标函数,反演得到单槽和双槽矩形光栅的周期、凸脊宽度和凹槽深度;最后分析了种群大小和搜索区间对反演结果的影响。结果表明,SPSO算法可以准确地反演光栅几何结构参数,并推荐种群数取30。     

高精度角位置发信器的研制

随着自动控制技术的不断发展,角位置发信器的使用越来越广泛。本文从实际应用情况出发,在分析了增量式光栅角位移传感器在应用中的不足之处的基础上,利用零光栅技术提出了一种实用的(低分辨率)高精度、高抗干扰的圆光栅角位置发信传感器的结构原理。     

半规则三角网格模型细分曲面重构

针对逆向工程中的三角网格重构问题,提出了一种保持尖锐特征的半规则三角网格模型细分曲面重构算法,以充分利用细分曲面的多分辨特性.首先经提取尖锐特征和删除最大独立点集得到基网格,然后利用插值Loop细分和最近点法向投影法不断调整半规则网格得到重采样网格,最后运用渐进插值(PI,Progressive Interpolation)算法生成半规则细分曲面.实例表明,重构后获得的细分曲面连接性好,可以直接进行细分小波分析.     

万工显光栅数显微机测量系统软件设计

介绍了万工显光栅数显微机测量系统的组成及工作原理,详细地阐述了测量软件中数据采集程序、测量元素评价程序和测试报告程序的设计方法和思路。     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

关于圆光栅精度评定的意见

一、存在问题目前圆光栅的精度采用单项指标的表达方法,即分别规定最大直径间隔误差、均匀性与封闭差。而对这三项误差如何积累,并没有固定的规律与公式。这样在设计时误差分配比较困难,要求过严,刻划难度增加;反之又担心误差积累降低精度。在工艺上容易产生由于一项指标超差,把能用的光栅报废。例如:有二块光栅,一块光栅虽是合格品,但三项指标都已接近极限,另一块直径误差与封闭差都远比     

一种高性能两相步进电动机细分驱动器的设计

以高性能单片机C8051F005和全桥脉宽调制(PWM,Pulse Width Modulation)驱动电路3955为核心实现了一种结构简单的高性能、多细分、微型化两相混合式步进电动机驱动器.该系统采用正弦波电流细分驱动和双极性、固定关断时间的恒流斩波控制方式,可调的电流衰减模式可以进一步改善步进电动机绕组的电流波形.驱动器最高细分数为256,提供细分选择、正反向控制、半流控制、使能控制,以及过压、欠压、过流、过热等电动机驱动器的保护功能.此外,系统还具有在系统调试和升级能力.从驱动器的总体设计、不同细分下电流参考信号生成和绕组电流控制等方面对该方案进行了详细的论述,实验结果证明该步进电动机高细分驱动器方案结构简单、可靠性高、运行平稳,具有良好的运行矩频特性.      

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达航天器时间测量

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间(TOA)的空间测量是航天器自主导航和用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准的基础.在简要介绍地面射电观测TOA测量方法基础上,重点研究了X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间的空间测量方法和算法.讨论了利用X射线脉冲星辐射光子到达时间观测,建立X射线脉冲轮廓的方法;给出了通过观测得到的X射线脉冲轮廓与标准脉冲轮廓比较,精确确定TOA的测量方法和实用算法.讨论了削弱多普勒效应对TOA测量影响的方法.      

Star angle/ double-differenced pulse time of arrival integrated navigation method for Jupiter exploration

Pulsar navigation is a promising autonomous navigation system for spacecraft, which is applicable to the entire solar system. However, the pulsar’s directional error and the onboard clock error are two types of systematic errors that seriously reduce navigation accuracy. To solve this problem, a star angle/double-differenced pulse time of arrival(SA/DDTOA) integrated navigation method is proposed. Since measurements obtained by observing different pulsars contain the same clock errors, the measurements can be differed to eliminate the common clock error. Then, the pulsar-differenced measurements at neighbor filtering time can be differed to suppress the effect of the pulsar’s directional error on navigation precision. Star angle is used to obtain absolute navigation information, which denotes the angles between the light of sight of Jupiter and that of its background stars. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can eliminate the influence of the onboard clock error and greatly weaken the effects of the pulsar’s directional error. The navigation accuracy is better than the traditional star angle/pulse time of arrival integrated navigation method and star angle/pulse time difference of arrival integrated navigation method. In addition, the navigation accuracy of the SA/DDTOA integrated navigation method is less affected by Jupiter’s ephemeris error. This work greatly reduces the influence of common systematic errors in pulsar navigation on navigation accuracy.     

一种数字电路电磁传导发射多源模型提取方法

基于电磁干扰要素理论,提出一种数字电路电磁传导发射多源模型提取方法,用于解决数字电路电磁传导发射的建模问题。以电磁干扰要素理论为出发,综合考虑数字电路模块特点,将数字电路电磁传导发射模型划分为若干基本要素和扩展要素。针对数字电路时钟信号特征,选取梯形脉冲序列为基本要素形式,提出一种改进的联合估计算法用于提取基本要素参数及对应扩展要素系统传递函数模型;针对数字电路多源共存的情况,提出一种基于自相关函数的多源辨识分离方法,从而实现从一组测试数据中识别出多个基本要素及对应扩展要素,并最终完成数字电路电磁传导发射的建模。仿真及实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性和准确性。      

Distributed satellite autonomous navigation using X-ray pulsars

Distributed X-ray pulsar-based navigation (DXNAV) is an effective method to realize earth-orbit satellite positioning under weak pulsar signal conditions. In this paper, we propose a new DXNAV method based on multiple information fusion. The DXNAV system principle and the pulse phase estimate Cramér-Rao lower bound are deduced. To suppress the calculation complexity and the error source, the X-ray pulsar photon time-of-arrival detected by each satellite is equivalently converted to the leading satellite directly using the inter-satellite link ranging and starlight angular distance measurement. A high precision estimate model of the pulse phase is built using pulsar standard profile, observed profile, and star-geocentric angular distance from distributed satellites. The estimated pulse phase is real-time supplied to the navigation system, which is established in the form of a deviation equation. The two-stage Kalman filter is designed to estimate the pulse phase in profile histogram bin step and the leader position in real-time step. Compared separately with the maximum likelihood phase estimate method and the celestial navigation method using only the star-geocentric angular distance, the simulation analysis shows that the estimation precisions of position and velocity are improved by 29% and 25%.     

深空伪码测距中复合码性能的分析与研究

深空伪码测距系统中复合码的选择影响到系统的无模糊距离、测距精度、捕获时间和硬件实现方法. 针对深空伪码测距系统中常用的测距码进行仿真、分析、比较与研究, 包括复合码的频谱特性、周期、直流分量、码钟衰减、捕获时间和测距抖动误差等. 利用同相相关系数和非同相相关系数的信号空间图分析复合码的捕获时间性能; 采用同相中相积分环作为码跟踪环, 利用其线性环路模型分析测距系统的抖动误差性能; 进而分析半正弦成型和方波成型对系统的捕获时间和测距抖动误差的影响. 通过研究和分析认为, 在深空测控测距中, 一种比较适用的测距方式是选择T4B作为伪码测距系统的测距码, 基于DDS原理产生任意码片移位的伪码序列, 采用半正弦成型调制方式和半正弦匹 配滤波接收技术, 利用同相中相积分环进行伪码的跟踪.      

脉冲功率放大链相位噪声检定系统中的信号处理系统

详细介绍了在脉冲功率放大链相位噪声检定系统中的信号处理系统的设计方案、工作原理及功能。本系统是整个检定系统的重要组成部分，在整个系统中担负着将放大器链的噪声信号进行转换、采集、存储、传输、处理和显示等任务，它由硬件电路和系统软件两大部分组成。硬件电路主要由采集单元、存储单元、控制单元、时钟单元及计算机接口等几个模块组成，其功能是：将模拟信号转换为数字信号，暂存采集到的信号数据，并将数据送人计算机内存中。电路中设有自检功能，从而增加了调试的透明度，也提高了系统工作的可靠性。系统软件由控制软件和分析处理软件组成，前者负责控制硬件进行自检，以及谐调各部件间按一定的时序工作；后者负责将噪声数据进行各种数据处理（时域、频域分析），并根据检定系统的测试指标要求（噪底、起伏特性等）给出正确的测量结果。软件设计采用多层菜单式动态显示技术，图文并茂，显示醒目直观。整个检定系统经多次联试试验后，结果表明，本信号处理系统方案设计合理，工作稳定可靠，功能强，维护方便。将本系统的设计思想应用于雷达发射机稳定性测试系统中也取得了很好的效果。     

基于脉冲星和紫外敏感器的自主定轨定姿授时研究

为提高深空探测器的自主导航能力, 利用脉冲星导航的脉冲到达时间和脉冲星 角位置测量值、紫外敏感器中心天体质心相对于探测器的方向矢量和距离测量 值以及紫外敏感器输出的航天器姿态角, 以探测器在惯性坐标系下的位置和速度、 探测器本体坐标系相对于惯性坐标系的姿态角、星载时钟钟差为系统状态变量, 通过联邦扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计组合导航系统的系统状态, 并利用火星环绕段 轨道数据进行仿真实验. 仿真结果表明, 该组合导航方法能够使火星轨道器 在环绕段飞行中同时进行定轨、定姿和授时, 且具有较高的导航精度和授时能力.      

原子时系统主备钟同步技术研究

主钟系统作为原子时系统的重要组成部分，其运行状态直接关系到整个原子时系统的性能。为了提高系统的可靠性，建立备份主钟系统尤为必要。本文围绕原子时系统中的主备钟同步技术开展相关研究，建立了主备钟同步系统。通过分析原子钟性能，建立钟差模型；并根据钟差模型对备份主钟的频率进行驾驭调整，实现主备钟之间的时间频率一致性。通过调整，原子时系统的主备钟时差可实时保持在1ns以内，频率偏差实时保持在10E-15量级，为原子时系统的主备无缝切换奠定良好基础。     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.