比对法真空计量标准装置的研制

比对法真空计量标准装置是一种结构简单、操作方便、检定效率高、实用性强的二等真空标准装置。主要技术要求完全符合国际标准化组织(ISO)和国内有关真空标准的规定,尤其适用于真空计量二级站和一些基层单位大量常规校准,校准范围为10~5～10~(-4)Pa,总不确定度小于10％。在10~(-4)Pa范围内,压力的稳定度好于1％,在1～10~5Pa范围内,压力的稳定度好于0.5％。该标准装置的极限压力达10~(-6)pa。     

一种高g值冲击标准校准裝置

本文介绍了高g值冲击标准校准装置的原理和方法,详细分析了该装置的误差来源及其合成方法,并给出了实验结果。该装置的不确定度为U_(95％)=±3％。(200～2×10~5m/S~2),U_(95％)=±5％(3×10~5m/S~2)。用该装置对美国ENDEVCO公司的2270标准加速度计进行幅值线性度校准,其校准值与出厂值完全一致。     

测量表面粗糙度参数的反散射计算研究

用光的角散射分布技术测量工件表面的粗糙度参数是近几年来发展起来的新的测量技术。它具有分辨力高、非接触、区域平均和快速测量等优点,可获得多个表面粗糙度参数。采用该技术测量的实验装置角分辨力为0.1°,测量范围为0.6328μm<λ_s(空间平均波长)<40μm,0.0001<△_a(轮廓的算术平均斜率)<0.0088,2nm相似文献   

远区电场标准装置的研制

远区电场标准装置中采用标准场法与标准天线法互相比对，可在３０～１０００ＭＨｚ频率范围内建立不大于３Ｖ／ｍ场强的标准远区电场。在标准发射天线中采用射频校准，使得测量发射无线馈点电流的准确度大为提高；在标准接收天线中使用低势垒二极管，可准确测量远区场强。标准场法与标准天线法的比对误差为±１ｄＢ，达到国际同类装置水平。     

国家扭矩基准机的不确定度分析

详细介绍了由中船重工第七○四研究所和中国计量科学研究院联合研制的100 Nm国家扭矩基准机的各部件测量不确定度的分量组成,通过部件法进行了不确定度计算,结果表明该装置达到了2×10-5(k=2)的水平。通过和德国PTB进行的装置国际比对,也验证了100 Nm国家扭矩基准机达到了国际领先水平,填补了国内空白。     

正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定

介绍了正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定。该装置是一种校准气体漏率的计量标准 ,可采用定容法和定量气体动态比较法对正压漏孔进行校准 ,校准范围为 (1 0 2 ～ 5× 1 0 -5 )Pa·L/s。     

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统和实验研究

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统在计算机控制下,采用电容薄膜规、光栅尺、铂电阻温度计等高精度传感器测出变容室内气体的压力、体积变化、温度等参量;并在流量测量的动态过程中将变客室内气体的压力波动控制在±０．０１％之内;工作软件实现了对气体微流量标准装置的计算机自动化控制和管理。气体激流量标准装置可以标准１７．１～１．２２×１０－５ＰａＬ／ｓ范围内的气体流量,校准不确定度小于１．９３％;目前它已用于标准漏孔的标定和实用型气体流量计的校准工作中。     

国防真空计量“八五”课题技术领先

<正> 近日,国防科工委真空计量一级站承担的国防真空计量"八五"课题——动态流量法超高真空标准装置、金属膨胀式真空计量标准和程控式真空规校准装置在五院510所通过了部级技术鉴定。动态流量法超高真空标准装置主要用于超高真空的校准,解决了国防系统尤其是航天系统对超高真空校准的需求,     

热流计1:1分度装置与敞开式大平板分度装置分度差异的研究

分析了所研制的1:1热流计分度装置与常规的敞开式大平板热流计分度装置由于分度方法不同而导致的分度差异,并用差分方法对这种差异进行了计算。理论计算和实际测试结果都表明:对同一热流计,1:1分度装置的分度值比敞开式大平板分度装置的分度值高出20％左右。     

振动传感器的微加速度动态校准

阐述了高灵敏度振动传感器在超低频微小加速度下进行动态校准的校准装置工作原理、校准方法 ,分析了其校准不确定度。该装置采用曲率半径为 10m的虚拟摆结构 ,从较强的环境干扰噪声中利用数字滤波技术成功地拾检微弱振动信号 ,使微小标准加速度获得复现。该装置可在 (0 .0 0 1～ 0 .1)Hz超低频率范围内和 (1× 10 -6～ 1× 10 -2 )m s2 微小加速度范围内实现高准确度激光绝对校准和比较法校准 ,其校准不确定度达 0 .5%。     

一种光纤通道轻量IP上层协议

在光纤通道网络平台上选用一种可用于性能测试的上层协议是网络测试手段的关键.IP上层协议技术已经十分成熟,在IP上层协议的基础上提出了一种光纤通道轻量IP上层协议,详细地规定了轻量IP上层协议的通信模式和数据格式。利用光纤通道接口设备IP驱动程序,通过中间层驱动插入的方法实现了光纤通道轻量IP上层协议的数据通信,并通过FC分析仪检测到实现结果符合设计的要求.最后分析了轻量IP上层协议短消息传输效率高、通信模式灵活简便、节点标识易于实现的优点,所以轻量IP上层协议适用于光纤通道网络性能的测试.      

Integrating Non-Tidal Sea Level data from altimetry and tide gauges for coastal sea level prediction

The main objective of this paper is to integrate Non-Tidal Sea Level (NSL) from the joint TOPEX, Jason-1 and Jason-2 satellite altimetry with tide gauge data at the west and north coast of the United Kingdom for coastal sea level prediction. The temporal correlation coefficient between altimetric NSLs and tide gauge data reaches a maximum higher than 90% for each gauge. The results show that the multivariate regression approach can efficiently integrate the two types of data in the coastal waters of the area. The Multivariate Regression Model is established by integrating the along-track NSL from the joint TOPEX/Jason-1/Jason-2 altimeters with that from eleven tide gauges. The model results give a maximum hindcast skill of 0.95, which means maximum 95% of NSL variance can be explained by the model. The minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSe) between altimetric observations and model predictions is 4.99 cm in the area. The validation of the model using Envisat satellite altimetric data gives a maximum temporal correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a minimum RMSe of 4.39 cm between altimetric observations and model predictions, respectively. The model is furthermore used to predict high frequency NSL variation (i.e., every 15 min) during a storm surge event at an independent tide gauge station at the Northeast of the UK (Aberdeen).     

高能(450 kV)X射线参考辐射场附加过滤研究

利用MCNP程序对450kV X光机建立模型，计算各参考辐射质下的原级谱、平均光子能量。对ISO 4037-1中已有范围的管电压与附加过滤片厚度关系曲线进行二次拟合，确定模拟厚度范围。利用MCNP计算各附加过滤组合下的平均光子能量值，并与外推法得出的平均光子能量值进行对比，将相对偏差最小时的附加过滤作为最终确定值。从部分能量点的模拟与测量结果的对比可看出，模拟得出的平均光子能量在2%以内与PTB及中国计量院测量结果保持一致，附加过滤最大相对偏差为18%。     

The measurement of water vapour in thermal emission on studies of nimbus-7 stratoprobe flights for correlative studies of nimbus-7

A scanning infrared radiometer used to measure nitric acid was flown on the STRATOPROBE Flight of November 8, 1978. Using the observed thermal emission from 6.5 to 7.4 microns during the balloon ascent, a water vapour profile has been derived using a band model of the water vapour lines in this spectral region. The resulting profile has a minimum of 3.3 ppmv at the tropopause and then rises to a value of 5 ppmv by 30 km. The profile is comparable to the profile from another water vapour instrument from the National Physical Laboratory which was flown on the LIP balloon payload on the same day. A coincident profile from the LIMS experiment on NIMBUS 7 was also obtained since the STRATOPROBE experiment was flown as a correlative measurement for the LIMS experiment.     

Estimates of vertical land motion along the southwestern coasts of Turkey from coastal altimetry and tide gauge data

The differences between coastal altimetry and sea level time series of tide gauges in between March 1993 and December 2009 are used to estimate the rates of vertical land motion at three tide gauge locations along the southwestern coasts of Turkey. The CTOH/LEGOS along-track coastal altimetry retrieves altimetric sea level anomalies closer to the coast than the standard along-track altimetry products. However, the use of altimetry very close to the coast is not found to improve the results. On the contrary, the gridded and interpolated AVISO merged product exhibits the best agreement with tide gauge data as it provides the smoothest variability both in space and time compared with along track altimetry data. The Antalya gauge to the south (in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Mentes/Izmir gauge to the west (in the Aegean Sea) both show subsidence while the Bodrum tide gauge to the south (in the Aegean Sea) shows no significant vertical land motion. The results are compared and assessed with three independent geophysical vertical land motion estimates like from GPS. The GIA effect in the region is negligible. The VLM estimates from altimetry and tide gauge data are in good agreement both with GPS derived vertical velocity estimates and those inferred from geological and archaeological investigations.     

A comparison of seasonal variations of sea level in the southern Baltic Sea from altimetry and tide gauge data

In this paper, seasonal sea level variations have been determined at five locations in the Baltic Sea from satellite altimetry for the period 1993–2015. The results were compared to tide gauge water level data. Annual and semi-annual amplitudes have been investigated for both sea level anomalies and tide gauge water level. It was found that the two independent observations of sea level variations along the Polish coast are in good agreement both in terms of their annual and semi-annual amplitudes and their annual and semi-annual phases. The annual cycles in the sea level variations measured by altimetry and tide gauge reach maximum values at approximately the same month (November/December).Moreover, this article shows the differences between the annual and semi-annual amplitudes and phases in the sea level anomalies and water level data within the same time frame. The difference in the annual amplitudes between the satellite altimetry and the tide gauge results is between 0.33?cm and 1.53?cm. The maximum differences in the annual cycle of the sea level changes were found at the Swinoujscie station. The correlations between the original series and the calculated curves were determined, and the relationship between the amplitudes and the phases were investigated. The correlation between the annual variations observed from the two independent observation techniques is 0.92.To analyse the dynamics of the change in sea level, the linear trend was estimated from the satellite altimetry and tide gauge time series both in the original time series of the data and in the time series in which seasonal variations were removed. In addition, we calculated the estimated errors of regression and how many years’ worth of data are needed to obtain an accuracy of 0.1?mm per year. The estimated errors of regression showed that to get an accuracy of 0.1?mm per year, we need 100?years of data.     

Ground validation of space-borne satellite rainfall products in Malaysia

Precipitation studies globally is not only important to hydrological cycling, but also very crucial to satellite and terrestrial communication system designs. This work presents the validation of ground based rainfall measurement with TRMM products and GPCC data. The result shows that an error bias of ±15 % exists between the ground and satellite rainfall measurements. The study also shows that the TRMM 3B43 V6 is in good agreement with the rain gauge rainfall measurement with highest and lowest correlation coefficient of 0.9721 and 0.7791 respectively. Therefore, TRMM 3B43 V6 is recommended for use in lieu of the ground measurement in Malaysia and its environs, most importantly for sea and remote areas where rain gauge cannot cover.     

环规检定装置测量不确定度的分析

测量不确定度与测量结果是相关的,它反映了测量值的分散性。利用标准环规和高准确度测长机来建立环规检定的标准装置。通过对环规检定装置测量不确定度来源的分析,评定了环规检定装置测量不确定度大小,分析得到的结果满足环规检定规程中二等环规的测量不确定度要求。     

Monitoring coastal sea level using reflected GNSS signals

A continuous monitoring of coastal sea level changes is important for human society since it is predicted that up to 332 million people in coastal and low-lying areas will be directly affected by flooding from sea level rise by the end of the 21st century. The traditional way to observe sea level is using tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to improve the understanding of the sea level change processes it is necessary to separate the measurements into land surface height changes and sea surface height changes. These measurements should then be relative to a global reference frame. This can be done with satellite techniques, and thus a GNSS-based tide gauge is proposed. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of both GNSS signals that are directly received and GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental installation at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) shows that the reflected GNSS signals have only about 3 dB less signal-to-noise-ratio than the directly received GNSS signals. Furthermore, a comparison of local sea level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge with two stilling well gauges, located approximately 18 and 33 km away from OSO, gives a pairwise root-mean-square agreement on the order of 4 cm. This indicates that the GNSS-based tide gauge gives valuable results for sea level monitoring.     

Evaluation of three high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates: Potential for monsoon monitoring over Pakistan

Multi-sensor precipitation datasets including two products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and estimates from Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH) product were quantitatively evaluated to study the monsoon variability over Pakistan. Several statistical and graphical techniques are applied to illustrate the nonconformity of the three satellite products from the gauge observations. During the monsoon season (JAS), the three satellite precipitation products captures the intense precipitation well, all showing high correlation for high rain rates (>30 mm/day). The spatial and temporal satellite rainfall error variability shows a significant geo-topography dependent distribution, as all the three products overestimate over mountain ranges in the north and coastal region in the south parts of Indus basin. The TMPA-RT product tends to overestimate light rain rates (approximately 100%) and the bias is low for high rain rates (about ±20%). In general, daily comparisons from 2005 to 2010 show the best agreement between the TMPA-V7 research product and gauge observations with correlation coefficient values ranging from moderate (0.4) to high (0.8) over the spatial domain of Pakistan. The seasonal variation of rainfall frequency has large biases (100–140%) over high latitudes (36N) with complex terrain for daily, monsoon, and pre-monsoon comparisons. Relatively low uncertainties and errors (Bias ±25% and MAE 1–10 mm) were associated with the TMPA-RT product during the monsoon-dominated region (32–35N), thus demonstrating their potential use for developing an operational hydrological application of the satellite-based near real-time products in Pakistan for flood monitoring.