Bringing life sciences to life

A brief review of the status of space life sciences research is provided with an emphasis on the contributions this research has made to life here on Earth. Physiological effects of weightlessness are discussed along with methods of prevention or treatment. Several technologies are described which have resulted in advances in improved health care and in other industries. In addition, the impact of space life sciences research on women's health issues and on future space travel are discussed.     

应用802.1X标准部署安全的无线局域网

首先讨论了现有的无线局域网的安全问题 ,指出要提供更高的安全性 ,就要应用IEEE 80 2 .1X标准。接着对80 2 .1X标准做了简单的介绍。然后提出了一套在 80 2 .11无线局域网应用80 2 .1X标准的解决方案 ,并给出了具体实现的方法。最后对 80 2 .1X标准的应用前景做了展望。     

美国医疗保障体制改革评析

美国医疗保障体制处于不断改革之中。克林顿政府试图推动的改革方案的核心是引入社会保险的要素，建立一个雇主缴费型的强制性医疗计划，从而实现全民医疗保障覆盖。该方案由于受到社会各界的普遍反对而被国会否决。小布什政府主张从推广健康储蓄账户、引入联合健康计划、改革医疗责任事故相关法律制度和采用新信息技术来改革美国的医疗保障体制。其医疗改革方案注重通过制度创新来降低医疗保险费用和减少医疗费用的浪费。但改革的最终结果，尚取决于医疗储蓄账户的运行效果及其规模、病人能否具有评估医疗服务质量的能力以及改革方案能否真正、有效地控制费用上涨这几个问题的真正解决。     

IEEE Standards for Prognostics and Health Management

Recently operators of complex systems such as aircraft, power plants, and networks have been emphasizing the need for on-line health monitoring for purposes of maximizing operational availability and safety. The discipline of prognostics and health management (PHM) is being formalized to address the information management and prediction requirements for addressing these needs. Herein, we will explore how standards currently under development within the IEEE can be used to support PHM applications. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of PHM and PHM-related standards with Department of Defense (DOD) automatic test systems-related research.     

中国中小企业发展环境分析与政府政策支持体系的构建

中小企业发展受市场环境和政策环境的双重制约,无论是从市场环境还是从政策环境来看,中国中小企业都需要政府政策的大力支持。政府支持中小企业发展本质上是对市场的干预行为,应当以最大限度弥补市场失灵和尽可能避免自身失灵为标准。因此,政府中小企业政策支持体系应当摆脱以往单纯从企业融资、技术支持等具体环节着手的政策路径,从宏观角度深入分析市场环境和政策环境,针对市场和政策两个方面存在的主要问题,有针对性地构建起符合中国国情的政策支持体系。     

IEEE 1394: a growing computer connectivity standard for automatedtest

This paper describes the latest trends in the IEEE 1394 (“firewire^TM” or “iLink^TM”) standards and why it is becoming the connectivity standard of choice for automatic test applications. Why move to IEEE 1394, what are the possible risks with doing so, what are some of the myths associated with IEEE 1394 and a practical example of an automatic test application will all be presented with the prime emphasis on giving the latest information that will help you get IEEE 1394 integrated into your automatic test system     

国内外智能制造的发展及对我国商用航空发动机发展的启示

多个国家在全球范围内部署了智能制造发展战略,建设航空发动机智能工厂是《中国制造2025》重点支持的方向。通过介绍国外商用航空发动机公司智能制造发展现状,探讨我国建设商用航空发动机智能工厂的关键问题,明确发展行业智能制造标准化工具,促进产品智能化改造,实现生产组织数字化、网络化、智能化是实现商用航空发动机智能制造的关键技术手段。     

The role of the professional society in the career development ofengineers

The role of the professional engineering society in the career development of the engineer as he/she progresses through various stages of growth is examined. Beginning with the definition of an engineer, professional development is categorized in a four-stage model that begins at the apprentice level and ultimately culminates in the sponsor or director level. Civilian engineer career development at the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is discussed in terms of the four-stage model. Key factors in career progression are enumerated. The role and impact of the professional society on an engineer's development is examined. The activities of the Engineering Management Society of the IEEE at the local level are reviewed. The critical role of government/industry/academic management policy on participation of their engineers in professional-society activities is debated     

基于IEEE 1394b 总线的存储系统设计

提出了一种基于IEEE 1394 总线的存储系统设计方法,该存储系统是由主机端、传输总线、存储卡 端组成。设计了基于IEEE 1394 总线存储系统的系统架构、硬件环境、IEEE1394 b 协议模型、SBP-2 协议模型、 ATA 块设备驱动模型和文件系统。按该设计实现的存储系统经测试和试验验证证明能实现可靠的数据存储,可 充分发挥IEEE 1394b 总线及SBP2 协议的优势。该设计有效可行,可应用于实际工程项目或作为同类设备研制 的重要参考。     

完善经济适用房政策的思考

经济适用房政策,是我国现阶段用来解决中低收入群体住房问题的有效措施。通过对经济适用房政策存在问题的分析,对如何完善经济适用房政策,解决中低收入群体的住房问题提出了界定购房对象、政策补贴、拓展二手房市场等建议。     

基于生成对抗近端策略优化的机动策略优化算法

针对传统强化学习算法在生成空战机动策略时存在收敛效率低、专家经验利用不足的问题,研究了基于生成对抗-近端策略优化的策略生成算法。算法采用判别器-策略-价值(DAC)网络框架,在近端策略优化(PPO)算法基础上,利用专家数据和环境交互数据训练判别器网络,并反馈调节策略网络,实现了约束策略向专家策略方向优化,提高了算法收敛效率和专家经验利用率。仿真环境为基于 JSBSim开源平台的 F-16飞机空气动力学模型。仿真结高,PPO果表明,本文算法收敛效率高于算法,生成的策略模型具备较好的智能性。     

AERO - aviation emissions and evaluation of reduction options

Policy makers are confronted by a complex set of issues as they consider possible strategies for dealing with the problem of limiting the environmental impact of rapidly growing air traffic. To assist them in making an objective evaluation of different possible approaches, the Dutch AERO modelling system for policy analysis on global environmental issues has been developed. This article gives a broad account of AERO and some illustrations of its application.     

基于FC-1394的空间载荷试验信息系统设计

IEEEl394是一种具有支持等时传输和异步传输的特点的高速串行数据总线,目前已在航天器载荷试验数据传输中得到良好应用,但在未来大型空间飞行器载荷试验信息传输的应用中仍存在重量功耗开销大、传输距离和速率有限等问题.光纤通道作为一种具有良好兼容性、可靠性高、低时延、传输距离远和传输速率高等优点的先进总线技术,可为上层协议提供通用的高速率数据传输通道.基于IEEEl394和光纤通道的基本特性,给出了一种适用于空间载荷试验信息系统的FC-1394桥接方案,并为基于IEEE1394和光纤通道协议映射的空间信息系统数据网络互连提供了一种解决方案.     

国内民航运输市场研究成果述评

针对近年来有关中国民航运输业的相关理论研究成果,系统分析了其产业属性与市场结构、民航运输业的产业政策选择、民航运输业市场价格等热点研究领域的研究成果.基于对既有研究成果的综述,就今后研究的进一步发展方向从理论、方法的角度进行了若干展望.     

2021年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

对2021年IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议等惯性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术领域相关机构披露的动态信息进行详细梳理。总结了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺、半球谐振陀螺(HRG)、原子陀螺和加速度计等惯性仪表及惯性系统的发展现状,并对惯性技术领域的发展动向进行了剖析与展望。     

2020年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

通过对IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议、PLANS会议和DGON ISS会议等惯性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术相关机构发布的一些动态信息进行梳理,总结分析了惯性技术领域的最新发展动态,并重点介绍了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺和加速度计等惯性器件的发展现状,以及美国为增强定位、导...     

A cost driven predictive maintenance policy for structural airframe maintenance

Airframe maintenance is traditionally performed at scheduled maintenance stops.The decision to repair a fuselage panel is based on a fixed crack size threshold,which allows to ensure the aircraft safety until the next scheduled maintenance stop.With progress in sensor technology and data processing techniques,structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are increasingly being considered in the aviation industry.SHM systems track the aircraft health state continuously,lead ing to the possibility of planning maintenance based on an actual state of aircraft rather than on a fixed schedule.This paper builds upon a model-based prognostics framework that the authors developed in their previous work,which couples the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with a first order perturbation (FOP) method.By using the information given by this prognostics method,a novel cost driven predictive maintenance (CDPM) policy is proposed,which ensures the aircraft safety while minimizing the maintenance cost.The proposed policy is formally derived based on the trade-off between probabilities of occurrence of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.A numerical case study simulating the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircrafts is imple mented.Under the condition of assuring the same safety level,the CDPM is compared in terms of cost with two other maintenance policies:scheduled maintenance and threshold based SHM maintenance.The comparison results show CDPM could lead to significant cost savings.     

Assessing the environmental impacts of aircraft noise and emissions

With the projected growth in demand for commercial aviation, many anticipate increased environmental impacts associated with noise, air quality, and climate change. Therefore, decision-makers and stakeholders are seeking policies, technologies, and operational procedures that balance environmental and economic interests. The main objective of this paper is to address shortcomings in current decision-making practices for aviation environmental policies. We review knowledge of the noise, air quality, and climate impacts of aviation, and demonstrate how including environmental impact assessment and quantifying uncertainties can enable a more comprehensive evaluation of aviation environmental policies. A comparison is presented between the cost-effectiveness analysis currently used for aviation environmental policy decision-making and an illustrative cost-benefit analysis. We focus on assessing a subset of the engine NO_X emissions certification stringency options considered at the eighth meeting of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection. The FAA Aviation environmental Portfolio Management Tool (APMT) is employed to conduct the policy assessments. We show that different conclusions may be drawn about the same policy options depending on whether benefits and interdependencies are estimated in terms of health and welfare impacts versus changes in NO_X emissions inventories as is the typical practice. We also show that these conclusions are sensitive to a variety of modeling uncertainties. While our more comprehensive analysis makes the best policy option less clear, it represents a more accurate characterization of the scientific and economic uncertainties underlying impacts and the policy choices.     

Government Standards and Specifications?To Update or Not to Update?

Government contracts mandate specifications and standards of specific issues and dates; Government/industry practice involves continuing update of materials, processes, and components documents. These different approaches create hardships in major system procurements, due to long duration of the procurement cycle. Examples of inconsistencies among documents governing electronic systems are discussed and tabulated. Modification of the ?Defense Standardization Manual 4120.3-M? is recommended, to provide a consistent and practicable Department of Defense policy.     

弯管成形理论和技术研究进展与发展趋势(英文)

As one kind of key components with enormous quantities and diversities,the bent tube parts satisfy the increasing needs for lightweight and high-strength product from both materials and structure aspec...