复合材料高压气瓶的碳纤维缠绕设计和ANSYS分析技术

为了获得复合材料气瓶合理的有限元分析模型,并能够有效地掌握气瓶固有的变化规律,以不锈钢316L为内衬、碳纤维(T1000GB)/环氧树脂(BA202)为复合层的高压气瓶作为研究对象,介绍了一种采用螺旋缠绕与环向缠绕组合线型的缠绕设计方法.利用该方法确定复合层厚度、缠绕角、缠绕层数等参数,运用ANSYS程序,采用薄壁壳单元shell91建立了复合层多层结构模型,得出了气瓶应力、应变分布规律,并给出了气瓶疲劳破坏点和起裂点处失效参数的变化历程,最后,将ANSYS计算结果与试验实测结果作了比对分析,为定量化研究复合材料气瓶提供准确的数据支持.研究结果表明:ANSYS数值仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,采用壳单元shell91可以比较正确地模拟复合层的多层结构;柱形复合材料气瓶破坏薄弱点位于简体(靠封头)部位,气瓶受环向膨胀力影响较大,易使其沿纵向撕裂;随瓶内压力升高,薄壁内衬发生完全塑性变形,复合层仅发生弹性变形.     

涡轮冷却叶片参数化建模及多学科设计优化

建立了一个涉及结构、气动、传热、振动、强度和寿命等学科的涡轮冷却叶片多学科设计优化系统, 进行了单孔薄壁冷却叶片的多学科设计优化.提出了单孔薄壁冷却叶片的参数化造型方法, 叶片叶型采用5次多项式构造, 气动与传热为三维耦合分析;叶片体积平均温度与最高温度为优化目标, 强度、振动和寿命等学科相关参数为约束, 模拟退火与序列二次规划组合算法进行叶片参数空间寻优, 在保持冷却气体流量不变的条件下, 优化提高了冷却效果, 降低了叶片材料的性能要求.      

一种卫星推进分系统复合材料氦气瓶的结构设计方法

为了提高航天复合材料压力容器的性能因子,根据复合材料压力容器网络理论方法提出了“参数对应关系”结构设计方法,对一种卫星推进分系统复合材料氦气瓶进行了结构设计,确定了纤维复合层承载压力,得到了不同内衬壁厚情况下气瓶纤维预紧应力与内衬压缩应力、内衬工作应力、纤维工作应力的对应关系,获得了内衬最小壁厚和纤维预紧应力区间等参数,用有限元法对气瓶结构设计进行静力学分析校核,所设计气瓶完成了全部的鉴定试验,气瓶性能因子37km,爆破压力70MPa,纤维预紧应力区间为[120MPa,270MPa].设计和验证结果表明:基于网络理论的“参数对应关系”结构设计方法可用于弹性工作金属内衬复合气瓶的研制,内衬最小壁厚的精确求解对提高复合材料气瓶性能因子是有效的.     

高超声速飞行器进气道压缩面逆向设计方法

针对高超声速飞行器进气道压缩面问题,首先研究了激波理论的逆向算法,以此为基础提出了进气道的等强度和等熵压缩面的逆向设计方法,并采用此方法设计了以进气道出口气流参数为设计参数的高超声速飞行器进气道压缩面,然后对两种压缩面进行了性能分析和数值仿真.结果表明:通过逆向设计方法设计进气道压缩面是可行的,其相对于传统方法耗时大大减少;理论计算表明相同设计条件下两压缩面几何参数基本一致,而来流参数也基本不变,设计点下等熵压缩面总压恢复系数高出等强度压缩面6.3%.数值仿真验证了该方法的可行性并研究了非设计状态下两种压缩面的各项性能参数,同时对比了不同马赫数下进气道内部波系分布和气流均匀性.      

高速转动壳体行波振动实验研究

本文对轴对称薄壁壳结构的振动特性进行了试验研究。对一圆柱薄壳在静止状态和高速旋转状态下进行了模态试验。试验结果验证了轴对称薄壁壳在转动状态下,由于科氏力的影响,同一模态在转动坐标系中,存在不同频率的前后行波。为理论计算和发生在航空发动机中转动薄壁件振动设计,提供了可靠的试验依据。     

飞机整体翼梁结构断裂特性分析研究

研究飞机整体翼梁结构的损伤容限特性,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,计算不同结构参数下应力强度因子,并根据最大拉应力理论确定裂纹扩展轨迹.分别讨论裂纹按照直线轨迹扩展和按照最大拉应力理论确定的轨迹扩展对应力强度因子的影响,并进行了分析比较.研究了整体翼梁结构腹板厚度及止裂筋条结构参数变化对应力强度因子及裂纹扩展轨迹的影响.     

可重复使用复合材料气瓶设计及试验验证

为了适应未来重复使用运载器更高的重复使用性能要求,设计了一种航天用轻质高压可重复使用复合材料气瓶,采用金属内胆/复合材料层结构形式。复合材料采用T700碳纤维复合材料,金属内衬采用铝合金。采用有限元仿真和试验验证的方法对气瓶的强度和重复使用性能进行了分析和验证,其仿真爆破强度为81 MPa,试验爆破强度84 MPa,仿真与试验疲劳失效次数均大于1 200次。结果表明,所设计的重复使用复合材料气瓶满足23 MPa工作压力重复使用300次要求。     

复合材料天然气气瓶设计的几个问题

讨论了汽车用复合材料天然气气瓶的使用条件。推导出气瓶圆筒段、封头、接头和内衬的设计计算公式。在不增加气瓶总质量的情况下，得到了提高头疲劳强度的设计方法。讨论了缠绕张力控制对提高纤维发挥强度的重要性。文中提出的设计计算方法可供复合材料天然气气瓶初步设计参考。     

薄壁构件试验模型的动力学相似设计方法

针对由薄壁构件相似模型试验结果预测原型动力学特性的问题,建立了统一的数学模型,并基于方程分析法推导了动力学相似关系.通过对薄壳单元进行受力分析,推导得到薄壁构件的微分方程,并通过微分方程得到完全几何相似模型可准确预测原型动力学特性的相似关系.在建立薄壁构件结构参数对固有频率的敏感性与相似因子指数的比值关系基础上,提出薄壁构件不完全几何相似模型与原型的动力学相似关系(即畸变相似关系)的确定方法.最后给出基于敏感性分析的薄壁构件精确畸变相似关系设计流程,为薄壁构件相似试验模型的设计及动力学特性的预测提供参考.     

含矩形缺陷结构纤维全缠绕气瓶的爆破压力预测

采用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方式对含矩形缺陷纤维全缠绕气瓶的力学行为进行分析。基于Hashin准则进行损伤模式表征以及损伤起始判定,并使用参数退化的损伤演化法则,使用FORTRAN语言编写了适用于ABAQUS/Explicit求解器的VUMAT子程序。选择缠绕顺序为[90°_2/18.9°_2/90°_2/28.9°_2/90°_2]纤维全缠绕气瓶为研究对象,分析矩形缺陷深度对于纤维缠绕气瓶应力水平影响。基于缺陷深度对筒体各层周向及轴向应力的影响,采用修正方法提出含缺陷纤维全缠绕气瓶爆破压力预测模型,模型预测结果与有限元模拟结果一致。对含不同缺陷深度的爆破压力做出预测,分析结果表明,当缺陷深度大于1.26 mm时,爆破压力迅速下降,影响气瓶正常使用。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.