转速对20 mm厚2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接件的组织及性能的影响

对20 mm厚的2219 C10S铝合金板材进行搅拌摩擦焊对接试验,在进给速度为100 mm/min的条件下,对比研究转速为400～550 r/min时的对接接头的内部缺陷、宏观形貌及微观组织、显微硬度和拉伸力学性能的差异。结果表明,当转速为400～500 r/min时,焊接接头无缺陷,能获得内部质量较高的焊接接头。随着转速的增加,焊核区“洋葱环”的间距和轴肩影响区的范围增大,焊核区和热力影响区的硬度的降低越明显。接头的拉伸性能随转速的增大而降低,拉伸强度最高可达到334 MPa,接头断裂模式主要为韧性断裂,断裂位置发生在后退侧的热力影响区与热影响区的交界处,与显微硬度最小位置相吻合。当转速增大至525 r/min时,焊缝出现表面点状缺陷;当转速达到550 r/min时,焊缝出现连续的犁沟缺陷。     

铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头组织及力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对2mm厚不同铝锂合金进行搭接,并对接头的组织和力学性能进行分析。同时研究了焊接工艺参数、热处理状态对接头性能的影响。研究表明:搭接接头焊核区呈"洋葱环"结构,由细小的等轴晶组织构成;前进侧搭接界面有"钩状"缺陷,对接头力学性能产生不良影响。搭接接头的塑性较差,伸长率仅有3.18%,不及母材伸长率的25%;当转速为800r/min、焊速为200mm/min时,接头的强塑性最佳,抗拉强度达到467MPa(母材的94%);热处理对搅拌摩擦焊焊接头力学性能影响显著,经过人工时效后,接头强度提高了13%～18%,抗拉强度最高达到526MPa,伸长率都有所下降。断口形貌分析表明:接头拉伸断裂是从前进侧的"钩状"缺陷起裂;接头拉伸断口为准解理和韧窝断裂的复合断口。     

2219铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

文摘采用静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊的方法获得了2219C10S铝合金焊接接头,研究了焊接接头典型的宏观、微观组织特征、焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形特征及焊接接头力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:相对常规搅拌摩擦焊,由于静止轴肩式搅拌头的结构特点,焊接过程中可有效避免飞边和焊缝内部缺陷;随着焊速的增加,接头焊核由"碗状"变为"腰鼓"状,体积也逐渐减小,还出现了轴肩影响区这一特殊组织特征;焊接接头的显微硬度分布呈现出独特的"∪"形,焊核区的显微硬度最低;当焊接速度≤250 mm/min,随着焊接速度的增加,接头的拉伸性能逐渐增加;当焊接速度增加至300 mm/min时,由于在焊接接头中出现了沟槽缺陷,拉伸性能急剧下降。     

2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

为了研究搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对2195铝锂合金组织及性能的影响,对5mm薄板进行了不同工艺参数的搅拌摩擦焊接。显微组织分析及力学测试结果表明:合金经FSW后,接头组织由焊核区、热机影响区、热影响区三个明显不同的区域组成。当焊速不变,搅拌头转速ω在700~1300r/min之间变化时,接头抗拉强度随转速ω增大而降低;搅拌头转速不变,焊速υ在60~140mm.min-1之间变化时,接头抗拉强度随焊速υ增大而提高。当υ=140mm.min-1,ω=1000r/min时,焊接接头强度系数达到73%。焊后接头显微硬度发生了较大程度的软化。     

焊接速度对7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能的影响

针对5 mm厚航空用铝合金7050-T7451进行了不同焊速时搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观结构和低周疲劳性能的研究.结果表明:接头焊核区面积与焊核区晶粒度都随着焊接速度的增加而减小;转速为400 r/min、焊速为40 mm/min时,接头具有最好的疲劳性能;搅拌摩擦焊接头的低周疲劳裂纹均在接头底部启裂,沿前进侧热机械影响区与焊核区的过渡区域扩展至断裂.     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

文摘对航空用5 mm厚的7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊试样热处理前后的焊缝微观组织及性能进行了研究。结果表明:当搅拌头旋转速度400 r/m in、焊接速度40 mm/m in时,接头拉伸强度达到353 MPa,是母材强度的78.5%;焊核区为等轴晶;经热处理后接头拉伸强度值达到母材强度的83.0%;硬度的最低处在前进侧热机影响区;断口的微观形貌表现为具有强化相的韧窝特征,且断裂几乎发生在前进侧的热机影响区。由此认为,7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的薄弱点在热机影响区。     

7A60铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对厚度为6mm的7A60超高强铝合金进行了焊接试验,分别测试了搅拌头形状、工艺参数搅拌摩擦焊接头对抗拉强度的影响.结果表明:搅拌头的形状对焊缝接头强度有一定的影响;在旋转速为300r/min,且焊接速度为200mm/min时,可以获得较好的焊接性能,抗拉强度可以达到488.69MPa,为母材的75％;接头显微硬度最低值出现在焊接热影响区而不在焊核区,主要是焊核区经过动态再结晶形成了细小的等轴晶粒所致;断口形貌分析显示,接头断裂模式为脆性和韧性的混合型断裂.     

薄壁铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

对2mm厚的LY12铝合金板进行了搅拌摩擦焊接,对接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:当搅拌头旋转速度1000r/min、焊接速度200r/min时,焊核区为细小均匀的等轴晶,晶粒大小在2～6μm之间;热机影响区晶粒沿流线方向被拉长,前进侧比后退侧晶粒变化明显.焊缝成形良好,接头抗拉强度为438.72MPa,...     

基于RBFNN-ACO的铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊工艺参数优化

采用尖部半螺纹搅拌针进行6151铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊试验,并基于径向基神经网络与蚁群算法相结合的方法优化工艺参数,达到改善搭接界面结构特征,进而实现最大化接头承载能力的目的。研究结果表明,当转速、焊速和下压量分别为1504 r/min、207 mm/min和0.12 mm时接头的拉剪载荷最大达5.06 kN/mm,比优化前的最大拉剪载荷提高了6.08%。径向基神经网络与蚁群优化算法相结合的智能方法为优化焊接工艺参数,进一步提高铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接接头强度提供了一种有效途径。     

热处理对高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

通过"搅拌摩擦焊+固溶+人工时效热处理"的方法实现了12 mm厚航天用高强铝合金2A14M的焊接及接头性能改善。研究表明未进行焊后热处理的焊接接头断裂位置位于焊核区,平均抗拉强度为192.3MPa,接头显微硬度呈"几"字形分布,硬度分布峰值位于焊缝区,接头不同特征区域的硬度差高达60。采取的焊后热处理对焊接接头及母材不仅具有细化晶粒、改善组织均匀性及优化强化相分布的作用,还能削弱拉伸过程中尖锐晶界对接头的撕裂作用,从而达到提高接头性能的目的,表现为:焊后热处理使接头内部显微硬度差为20,接头拉伸断裂于焊核区,抗拉强度达到440 MPa,为未进行焊后热处理接头的2.29倍;焊后固溶热处理的搅拌摩擦焊接头其断裂位置在焊核区及母材的几率大致相同,各占约50%,从而实现了提高搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的目标。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。