射流宽度对激波会聚起爆的影响分析

为了研究射流入射喷口宽度对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射喷口宽度的环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当入射射流的温度为一定值时,不同宽度的环形射流入射喷口对应着不同入射压力Pin的临界值,当Pin大于该临界值时,其形成的激波聚焦才能够形成高温、高压区域,从而起爆爆震波;随着入射喷口宽度的增加,射流的入射强度增大,其对应的临界入射压力随之增大。     

入射喷口宽度对环形射流激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响分析

为了研究射流入射喷口宽度对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,本文以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射喷口宽度的环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,当入射温度为一定值时,不同宽度的环形射流入射喷口对应着不同入射压力pin的临界值,当pin大于该临界值时,其形成的激波聚焦才能够形成高温、高压区域,从而起爆爆震波;随着入射喷口宽度的增加,射流的入射强度增大,其对应的临界入射压力随之减小。     

固体火箭发动机射流中存在障碍物时的流场分析

基于N-S控制方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型,采用FLUENT软件对某固体火箭发动机存在球形障碍物的射流流场进行了数值模拟,得到了球形障碍物尺寸及距离喷管出口位置对射流流场的影响规律。计算结果表明,当障碍物处于第一个膨胀压缩过程之后与第二个膨胀压缩波过程之前的特殊位置时,它对整个射流火焰宽度的影响最为显著,该计算结果与某次发动机试车失败时所观测的现象相符。     

水雾对火箭射流压力脉动抑制效果的数值研究

为研究水雾对火箭射流压力脉动的抑制效果,以火箭在地下有限空间内发射为研究对象,采用平面波跨介质传播理论分析了水雾对压力脉动的抑制机理和效果。采用计算流体力学方法,考虑水滴破碎和蒸发作用,详细揭示了射流压力脉动与水雾的作用过程,并研究了水雾参数对压力脉动抑制效果的影响规律。数值结果表明,不同水滴直径的水雾对压力脉动有2种不同的抑制机理,当水雾的水滴直径大于0.7mm时,水雾对压力脉动的抑制效率随水滴直径增大而降低;当水滴直径小于0.7mm时,抑制效率受水滴直径变化的影响可以忽略;临界直径的值是压力脉动时间特性的函数。此外,水雾的浓度越高,水雾对射流压力脉动的抑制效果越好;压力脉动抑制效果与水雾层厚度之间呈类似抛物线关系,当水雾层厚度为0.3m时,传递系数不大于0.43,水雾对射流压力脉动有最优的抑制效果。     

低雷诺数下协同射流关键参数对翼型气动性能的影响

协同射流是一种高效的新型主动流动控制技术,至今缺乏关键参数对翼型气动性能影响规律的系统研究。通过引入螺旋桨激励盘模型,发展了一种新的协同射流翼型流动模拟方法,使得射流反作用力计算更符合实际。在低雷诺数条件下,以NACA6415为基准翼型开展了射流动量系数、开口尺寸和位置等关键参数对翼型气动性能的影响规律研究,并探讨了相应的物理机制。结果表明：大迎角分离流状态下,射流动量系数对翼型气动性能的影响规律比小迎角附着流状态更复杂;随着吹气口尺寸增加,气泵功率系数先减后增,有效升阻比先增后减;随着吸气口尺寸增加,气泵功率系数逐渐减小,有效升阻比先增加后趋于平稳;吹/吸气口位置对翼型气动性能和气泵功率系数的影响很小。     

脉冲能量沉积对超声速射流/激波相互作用掺混的控制研究

为探究超声速射流掺混增强的有效控制方法,基于二维非稳态雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,研究了脉冲能量沉积对超声速射流与斜激波相互作用后增强掺混的控制机理和规律。宽度为5 mm的低密度平面射流同向完全膨胀射入马赫数为2.5的主流中,并与20°压缩斜面所产生的斜激波相互作用。在流场中引入脉冲能量沉积对射流掺混进行控制,并考虑射流马赫数、射流长度、能量沉积位置及激励频率对掺混效果的影响。对比激励流场与基础流场,结果表明:脉冲能量沉积的加入诱导射流形成大尺度涡结构,显著提高射流的掺混效果;能量沉积位置对于不同马赫数射流的掺混增强具有不同的控制效果;激励前后射流宽度的对比表明,脉冲能量沉积的无量纲激励频率在0.22附近时,可使得射流的掺混效果最佳。     

利用小孔射流改善气膜冷却效率的数值研究

为了获得气膜孔下游放置一对射流小孔对气膜冷却效率的影响规律,采用数值模拟方法研究了不同吹风比下射流小孔出口位置尺寸不同时流动过程和冷却效率的分布情况,并与常规气膜孔冷却结构形式进行对比,以揭示小孔射流改善气膜冷却效率的作用机理.研究表明:在常规气膜孔下游开两个射流小孔后,两射流小孔分别产生一个较弱的与气膜孔反向涡对方向相反的反向涡对,反向涡对的相互作用减弱了气膜孔反向涡对的强度,使气膜的贴壁效果更好,提高了气膜孔的冷却效率.在各吹风比条件下,气膜孔下游有射流小孔时,冷却效率都有一定的提高,并且射流小孔间距较大时对两气膜孔中心线之间的横向平均冷却效率改善较大,吹风比较大时,效果更明显.      

侧向射流位置对旋转楔形通道换热分布的影响

在主流入口雷诺数为15000,最大流量比(侧向射流流量和主流流量的比值)与最大旋转数分别为04和023的范围内,实验研究了三个不同位置引入侧向冷气射流冲击对楔形通道内换热分布的影响。实验结果表明:静止状态下,侧向射流冲击只能强化侧向射流孔附近区域的换热;旋转状态下,侧向射流对主流上游的影响区域扩大,并减缓了射流区域的冷气侧向出流,缩小了射流区域内前、后缘面的换热差异,当射流区域的换热效率最高时,该差异最小。为提升通道的平均换热效率,降低旋转对换热的不利影响,侧向射流孔应在通道的中上部,流量比控制在对应的临界值以下。      

单通道内燃波转子燃烧性能实验

建立简化单通道内燃波转子系统,以连续热射流的点火方式,采用实验方法研究了点火位置,射流作用时间,初始预混气当量油气比对波转子通道内点火及燃烧性能的影响.结果表明:随着射流逐渐推近,喷管出口距波转子通道38mm附近时,对点火不利,但点火位置对火焰锋面发展影响不大;在不同当量油气比下,射流作用时间对波转子通道内燃烧过程压力增益具有不同的影响规律,同时火焰锋面倾斜角随着射流作用时间增加而有所减小;当量油气比为2.0时不利于波转子内组织燃烧,且此时火焰锋面出现反向倾斜,倾斜角高达58°.      

基于PLIF/Mie图像测量煤油超雾化场数值特性

为获得航空煤油在超声速气流中喷射雾化后粒径二维分布信息,设计了基于PLIF/Mie双光谱成像法的测量系统。在PLIF/Mie煤油超雾化粒径测量方法基础上,实现了SMD计算公式系数的标定和煤油超声速射流破碎和雾化的SMD二维在线测量,取得射流雾化场SMD径向分布、穿透深度、展向输运宽度等关键参数。结果表明:射流分两个阶段,前期突变阶段和稳定阶段,在初始射流压强为1.0MPa,来流初始压强为0.5MPa,喷孔直径1mm,喷射角度为90°的工况下,稳定阶段煤油喷雾SMD稳定在10μm左右,射流径向SMD由内向外由小变大,整体展向宽度范围比穿透深度稍大,在各截面位置变化趋势一致。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.