YB-MD-3有机玻璃的疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

试验测定和分析了YB-MD-3有机玻璃的等幅疲劳裂纹扩展规律和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值.结果表明对较厚的中心裂纹板试件用带压缩的循环载荷能够预制出质量稳定的穿透裂纹;显示了平均应力对疲劳裂纹扩展特性影响的特殊规律以及负应力比循环下压缩部分对裂纹扩展的加速作用;探讨了常温下低频加载时频率变化对YB-MD-3有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.     

超声疲劳裂纹扩展性能的计算与分析

简述了超声疲劳试验机的工作原理以及应用超声疲劳试验技术研究工程结构材料疲劳裂纹扩展性能的实验方法。通过三维有限元计算及动态模态分析,研究了包括整体裂纹扩展试件及聚能器在内的振动体的应力、应变场和位移场,导出了确定裂纹尖端应力强度因子的位移法和能量法,并对这两种计算分析方法的特点以及所得到的结果进行了分析对比。计算与分析结果表明,应用能量法研究超声疲劳载荷下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子及疲劳裂纹扩展性能,具有简明和计算精度高等突出优点。      

双轴载荷下孔边疲劳裂纹的扩展

 在AISI316奥氏体不锈钢制成的十字形带中心孔（圆孔和椭圆孔）试件上进行的双轴载荷疲劳裂纹扩展试验表明:应力双轴性对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,仅发生在靠近开孔的局部区域内。等双轴应力较单轴应力状态下的裂纹扩展速率减慢,而纯剪切状态下的裂纹扩展速率加快。在孔的影响区之外,所有的结果服从Paris规律,与应力双轴性无关。     

复合加载下加劲板疲劳裂纹扩展研究

本文以含倾斜裂纹平板和加劲板为实验模型,进行了平板和加劲板Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹疲劳扩展实验。本文提出了复合型加劲板应力强度因子的工程算法,并利用S法和应变准则进行寿命估算,对扩展路径以及线切割预制和疲劳预制裂纹的异同进行了讨论。 实验与计算的结果表明,本文提出的复合型加劲板应力强度因子算法是一种较好的工程算法,应变准则应用于疲劳问题以估算寿命,其结果相当令人满意。     

加载参数对2A12-T4铝合金高温多轴疲劳失效的影响

为研究铝合金材料的高温多轴疲劳失效规律,本文在175℃温度环境下对2A12-T4铝合金实心圆棒试样进行拉扭复合加载试验。在相同的等效Von-Mises应力幅值下,通过观察并记录不同加载循环下的裂纹萌生与扩展情况,研究加载参数（应力幅比λ与相位差φ）对裂纹萌生及扩展影响。试验结果表明,当试样表面存在最大切应力平面时,裂纹优先在最大切应力平面附近萌生并传播,最大切应力平面为危险平面;在λ=0.5、φ=90°这种特殊情况下,试验表面各处切应力相同时,裂纹优先在最大正应力平面附近萌生并传播,最大正应力平面成为危险平面,当正应力主导裂纹传播时,由裂纹萌生至疲劳断裂这一过程仅占总寿命的16.2%,容易发生快速断裂;在λ=0.5、φ=0°和λ=0.5、φ=90°这两种加载条件下,裂纹的传播过程中存在第I阶段向第II阶段转变的过程,断口平整并且存在脆性条纹,断口表现趋向于脆性断裂;当λ=1、φ=90°和λ=√3、φ=0°这两种加载条件下,没有明显的第I阶段向第II阶段的转变,断口存在明显的疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区,且凹凸不平,为典型的混合型断裂。     

飞机谱载荷下裂纹扩展的三维约束效应

研究裂纹端部三维应力约束、塑性约束和位移约束等对谱载疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。用适于三维应力状态的修正条带屈服模型 ( Modified Strip Yield Model)计算与裂纹扩展有关的三维约束因子。利用所得约束因子的理论解改进 NASA多年来发展的 FASTRAN-II寿命预测软件 ,使其避免了依赖经验确定的约束因子进行寿命预测的局限 ,仅利用一组常幅疲劳裂纹扩展数据和材料的常规机械性能便可预测飞机谱载下的裂纹扩展寿命。对多种谱型、应力水平、过载比和材料的组合情况进行了分析 ,预测寿命与试验结果吻合很好 ,证明本文方法和改进软件可以用于实际结构的寿命预测。     

带止裂筋整体翼梁结构的破损安全分析与试验

为了研究带止裂筋整体翼梁结构的裂纹扩展特性,采用ANSYS有限元软件对裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行数值计算,对缩比试验件进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,当裂纹扩展到止裂筋前时进行剩余强度试验。结果表明:在梁缘条和蒙皮断裂情况下,止裂筋能够降低梁腹板上的应力强度因子幅值,对裂纹扩展起到拟制作用,其能够承担较大的静载荷从而实现破损安全设计,但是用止裂筋阻止疲劳裂纹扩展的效果并不显著;与梁弯曲产生的正应力相比,腹板上的剪应力不足以驱动Ⅱ型裂纹扩展。     

腐蚀条件下LD2航空铝合金裂纹扩展规律研究

 腐蚀损伤会加速飞机结构的疲劳裂纹扩展,缩短飞机疲劳寿命。以LD2航空铝合金材料为研究对象,通过在实验室内模拟飞机服役环境进行加速腐蚀试验,得到不同腐蚀时间下的试验件,并在MTS-810疲劳机上对不同腐蚀时间下的试验件进行疲劳试验,得到不同腐蚀年限下的疲劳断口形貌。通过断口判读分析,得到不同腐蚀年限下的裂纹扩展数据(a,N)。从不同腐蚀时间下的裂纹扩展数据研究分析,得到裂纹长度与循环次数符合指数函数的形式,即裂纹扩展速率与裂纹长度成正比,其斜率依赖于腐蚀损伤与疲劳载荷两个因素,而且在同一应力水平下,其斜率与腐蚀时间呈线性关系,并且其截距与应力水平也呈线性关系。     

含孔薄板孔边疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展

 测试了 Ni基高温合金 GH41 69含孔薄板试件不同应力幅下的低周疲劳寿命,给出了孔边最大应力幅相同时,应力集中因子改变对试件疲劳寿命的影响。结合断口 SEM分析,探讨了应力集中条件下,疲劳短裂纹的萌生和扩展方式。试验结果表明,疲劳裂纹以滑移方式在孔壁与试样表面相交的棱上萌生;萌生期依赖于孔边应力幅的大小,与孔径无关。但疲劳裂纹扩展速率与孔边局部区域的应力分布有关。在孔边应力幅相同的情况下,孔边应力集中因子较大的试样裂纹扩展速率大,疲劳寿命分布带略低于孔边应力集中因子较小的试样。短裂纹阶段,疲劳裂纹以角裂纹的形式向内扩展;长裂纹阶段,疲劳裂纹以穿透裂纹的形式进行扩展。稳定扩展阶段疲劳裂纹以穿晶的韧性撕裂方式发展,但在靠近失稳扩展区域疲劳裂纹呈准解理断裂方式扩展。试验未观察到疲劳短裂纹群的连接与合并现象。     

孔边裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展试验研究

简介了循环J积分ΔJ*path体系,以16MnR钢单边椭圆孔边裂纹试件进行了6种循环应力比的恒幅应变疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用材料应变疲劳循环加载条件下的应力-应变关系,通过弹塑性有限元素法计算ΔJ*path参量,研究了孔边高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展规律。结果表明：ΔJ*path能够作为缺口高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展的控制参量,与裂纹扩展速率da/dN之间的指数关系,可通过相同材料的标准试件应力疲劳裂纹扩展由Paris公式与ΔJ*path=ΔK2/E转换得到。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.