新型复合多视场光学敏感器及其导航方法

基于利用四面镜结构实现的复合多视场光学敏感器,给出了一种高精度天文导航方法,即通过四面镜同时观测地球、导航星和折射星,利用卫星、地球、恒星之间的位置关系,实现自主导航。通过研究导航量测信息的获取途径,给出了复合多视场光学敏感器的5种实用工作方式。结合卡尔曼滤波算法,建立了自主天文导航的仿真模型,并对5种工作方式进行了仿真与比较。仿真结果表明:双组直接敏感地平与单组间接敏感地平结合的导航方式精度最高,位置精度达到了10 m量级。

A new composite multi-field-of-view optical sensor and its navigation method

According to the filtering method and navigation precision, the layout of multi-field-of-view of a composite optical sensor with four mirrors was presented. A kind of high-precision method of autonomous navigation based on the sensor was given. The method was to simultaneously measure the earth, navigational star and refraction star via the four mirrors of the sensor, and autonomous navigation for satellite was realized through geometrical position relation among satellite, the earth, and star direction. Also the measurement acquisitions in autonomous celestial navigation simulation were studied. Five practicable working modes of composite multi-field-of-view optical sensor are proposed. A simulation model was set up using of Kalman filtering algorithm, and the system simulation was made using simulative data at the basic of an earth-pointing satellite with a certain orbit altitude. Based on the simulation results of all five working modes, the observing mode of double directly sensing horizon combined with single stellar horizon atmospheric refraction provides the highest navigation accuracy. The position accuracy can reach order of 10 m.