自动空中加油阶段加油机尾涡流场建模与仿真

针对自动空中加油技术对于加油机尾涡精确建模的需要,通过分析大型加油机机翼尾涡形成机理和运动规律,运用改进的马蹄涡理论方法建立了较精确的考虑尾涡衰减和扩散特性的尾涡空间流场计算模型,之后将此流场模型在受油机质心处线性化,并采用平均化的方法计算得到受油机受到的平均风分量和风梯度值,在分析受油机受扰运动中利用气动等效的方法将尾涡对受油机的影响模型加入到受油机非线性全量方程中.在此基础上利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真平台对空中加油阶段受油机扰动运动进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,所建立的尾涡模型能够反映受油机受扰后的动态特性,与有人机飞行员的飞行经验相符,该模型还可用于大型飞机起飞飞行安全和近距编队飞行的扰动分析.

Wake vortex effect modeling and simulation in automated aerial refueling

According to the request of automated aerial refueling, the formation and distribution of wake vortex behind a large aerial tanker was discussed. A modified horseshoe vortex model that includes the effect of vortex descent and diffusion over time was given. This model was linearized nearby the mass point of the receiver and an averaging technique was implemented to compute effective wind on the receiver. The effective wind components and gradients were introduced into the nonlinear aircraft equations through aerodynamic equivalent to determine the effect on the receiver’s dynamics. Computer simulation of receiver/wake vortex encounters in aerial refueling was built by Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the wake vortex model can exactly describe the interference between the receiver and the tanker. This behavior is well matched with the feeling of the receiver’s pilot. This model can also be used for the flight safety about large aircraft during taking off and interaction analysis in tight formation flight.