空间站在轨维修操作复杂度评价及试验验证

在轨维修是维持空间站在太空特殊环境安全运行的必要手段，太空特殊环境和空间站结构特点决定了空间站在轨维修任务的复杂度。在轨维修操作复杂度关系到空间站维修方案的优化、维修计划的制定、货运飞船的安排、航天员培训和空间站可维修性设计。然而，针对空间站在轨维修操作复杂度的评价研究较少。因此，提出了空间站在轨维修操作复杂度的概念，考虑了维修固有复杂度和外部影响因子2个方面，基于信息熵理论建立了复杂度评估模型。固有复杂度包括维修操作逻辑、维修动作规模、维修人机界面和维修操作知识，并借助信息熵完成以上4个方面的量化；外部影响因子包括操作空间、有无维修工具、时间压力、视觉遮挡和航天服影响，并利用分级打分制予以量化。为验证模型的有效性，基于地面模拟舱开展了12类产品维修验证试验，采集了受试者的维修动作及时间。实验数据分析表明，提出的模型能够较好地预测产品的维修耗时（相关系数为0.82），并能较为合理地对空间站在轨维修操作复杂度进行量化分级。为在轨维修的开展、维修方案的评价、航天员乘组训练与安排和空间站设计更改提供方法指导。 

Evaluation of space station on-orbit maintenance operation complexity and its experimental validation

On-orbit maintenance is essential to maintain the safe operation of space stations in special environment of outer space. The harsh space environment and the structural characteristics of space stations determine on-orbital maintenance operation complexity (OOMOC), which is related to the optimization of maintenance program, the development of maintenance plan, the arrangement of cargo spacecraft, astronaut training and space station maintainability design. However, there are few studies on OOMOC. In this paper, we proposed the concept of OOMOC, and established a complexity evaluation model based on information entropy theory. The model is composed of the instinct maintenance complexity and the external impact factors. Maintenance logic, the number of maintenance operations, human machine interface (HMI) for maintenance and knowledge support were considered by the instinct complexity, and quantified with information entropy; the external influence factors covered operation space, tool support, time pressure, visual occlusion and impact of spacesuits, and were quantified with a graded scoring method. To verify model, the maintenance test for 12 types of product based on the ground simulation cabin was performed, and maintenance actions and duration were collected. The experimental results show that the proposed model can better quantify OOMOC and predict maintenance operation time (correlation coefficient is 0.82). This paper can also provide methodological guidance for on-orbit maintenance, evaluation of maintenance programs, astronaut crew training, and space station maintainability design.