一种三维激光扫描系统的设计及参数标定

基于三维激光扫描系统的移动机器人动态环境地图构建技术是机器人智能感知技术的重要组成部分，而三维激光扫描系统的设计及标定技术对于地图构建的精度有决定性的影响。针对应用于小型移动机器人的三维激光扫描系统低成本、小型化的需求，设计了一套由高精度旋转云台和小型二维激光测距传感器组成的三维激光扫描系统，并提出了一种新的系统参数标定方法以提高三维扫描测量的准确度。该方法使用镂空圆孔标定板作为标定对象以完成对三维扫描特征自动准确获取，并根据非线性最小二乘法对三维激光扫描系统的参数进行优化计算。实验结果表明，所设计的三维激光扫描系统能够准确地测量周围环境的三维信息，实现了以低成本获得高质量环境建模的三维扫描数据技术。

A 3D laser scanning system design and parameter calibration

Dynamic environment map construction technology based on 3D laser scanning system has been served as one of the important intelligent perception technologies for mobile robots. The design and calibration of 3D laser scanning system place a decisive influence on the accuracy of the constructed environment model.For implementation on low cost and miniaturization of 3D laser scanning system for small mobile robots, a 3D laser scanning system composed of high precision rotating cloud platform and small 2D laser ranging sensor is designed, and a new system parameter calibration method is proposed to improve the accuracy of 3D scanning measurement. A hollow circular hole calibration plate was used as the calibration object to capture the 3D scanning features automatically and accurately. The parameters of the 3D laser scanning system were then optimized with a nonlinear least square algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed 3D laser scanning system can accurately capture the 3D information of the surrounding environment, which realizes the 3D scanning data technique for high-quality environment modeling with a relatively low cost.