侧管式高空代偿服加压力学工效分析

高空代偿服充压后会限制人体的活动,为探讨在不同压力水平下代偿服对人体作业工效的影响,进行了力学工效分析,主要包括力量测试、基于Vicon460三维运动捕捉系统下的活动范围和操作灵活性测试,并且针对耐受性和灵活性进行了主观测试.结果表明:①代偿服加压对作业工效产生显著影响(P<0.05),肩关节、髋关节比较敏感,1.96 kPa下降幅分别达62.2%和42.3%,10.49 kPa下肩关节后展降幅最大,为83.1%,其次是颈关节转动,为63.3%;②上肢受压力影响比下肢严重;③力量测试影响较小(P>0.05);④主观测试结果与客观数据一致,能够反映人体对不同代偿加压值的反应.其结果可为高空代偿服的评价和性能改善提供基础性资料,具有一定实际意义和应用价值.

Mechanical ergonomics analysis of capstan partial pressure suit under pressure

To discuss the human operating ergonomics at different pressure level for the capstan partial pressure suit (PPS),range of motion (ROM), operational flexibility, grip strength test and subjective survey were performed by ten male subjects while wearing PPS under 6 pressures. The control group was under 0kPa. The results show that: ①The PPS pressures have significant impacts on operating ergonomics (P<0.05). Shoulder joint and hip joint are more sensitive to the pressure and decrease 62.2% and 42.3% respectively under 1.96 kPa. Under 10.49 kPa, two indexes of ROM decrease the most: shoulder extension by 83.1%, and neck rotation by 63.3%; ②Upper lamb is affected more severely by pressure than the lower lamb; ③The pressure has no significant influence in grip strength test (P>0.05); ④The consistence of subjective test results and the objective data reflects the human body compensatory response to different pressures. The results provide basic data for ergonomic evaluation and can be practically applied for improving the performance of PPS.