基于视觉搜索的飞机显示界面设计原则

对飞行员在飞行中通过视觉搜索监视各种仪表信息的过程进行研究,探索时间压力和搜索难度两个因素对视觉搜索绩效的影响,从而为飞机座舱显示界面的工效学设计提供科学依据.设计视觉搜索程序来模拟飞机显示界面,并通过预实验确定时间压力水平和搜索难度水平的典型分级范围,在此基础上进行正式实验并记录反应正确率和反应时间.采用SPSS 19.0对实验结果进行双因素分析、简单效应、回归分析等,得到如下结论:不同水平的时间压力和搜索难度对反应正确率的影响具有显著性差异;不同水平的搜索难度对反应时间的影响具有显著性差异,并且在一定条件下反应时间和干扰项数目成线性递增关系;在保证较高正确率的状态下,即在人的认知能力范围之内,不同的时间压力水平对反应时间的影响没有显著性差异.因此,在飞机座舱显示界面视觉搜索的工效学设计中,要将时间压力和搜索难度进行最佳匹配才能取得较好的工作绩效.

Principle of plane display interface design based on visual search

Pilots monitor all kinds of instrument information by visual searching during flight. This process was studied to explore the effects of time pressure and search difficulty on visual searching, aiming to provide scientific basis for the ergonomic design of display interface of aircraft cockpit. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Before conducting formal experiment, the classified ranges of time pressure and searching difficulty were evaluated by pre-experiment. Using SPSS 19.0, analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect, and regression analysis were conducted on the response correct rate and response time obtained by the formal experiment. The following conclusions were obtained, different levels of time pressure and search difficulty all have significant effect on the response accurate rate; search difficulty has obvious effect on the response time which has a linearly increasing relationship with distractor number; under high correct rate situation, that is within the human cognitive abilities, time pressure haven't such effect on the response time. In ergonomical study of display interface in plane cockpit, good match of time pressure and searching difficulty could obtain better searching performance.