大型机场滑行道航空器交通流特性仿真

滑行道是连接跑道和停机坪的纽带，是大型机场航空器场面运行的关键资源。随着场面航空器数量的不断增加，航空器在滑行道区域涌现出特有的交通流特性。基于滑行道航空器运行规则，结合元胞传输模型（CTM），建立宏观的滑行道航空器交通流元胞传输模型，在NetLogo系统动力学仿真平台的基础上，以中国某大型机场滑行道航空器运行为例对模型进行验证，推理滑行道交通流基本参数之间的关系和相变特征。研究表明，滑行道交通流在自由流、同步流和阻塞流3种相态中演变，其中在同步流相态中，随着密度增加，流量从0.15降至0.10架次/min，速度从20降至7.64 m/s，说明流量和速度参数对于密度的变化十分敏感。当离场率与进场率的比例从0.2降至0.15时，3种相态下的临界流量从0.15、0.10降至0.13、0.05架次/min；临界速度在自由流不变，同步流和阻塞流中依次从7.64、1.07降至0.88、0.25 m/s；临界密度在自由流由0.50降至0.46架次/km，而在同步流阻塞流中依次从0.88、6.21增加至3.77、13.17架次/km。本研究揭示滑行道交通流拥堵演变机理，为制定科学合理的滑行道管理控制策略提供理论基础。 

Aircraft taxiway traffic flow characteristic simulation at large airport

Taxiway is the main resource for airport operation, connecting the runway and apron. The specific traffic flow characteristic emerges with the increase of aircraft at the taxiway. The taxiway traffic flow cell transmission model is established by combining cell transmission model (CTM) and operation regulation of taxiway. Based on the system dynamic simulation platform NetLogo, the model is validated by taking the aircraft taxiway operation at a large airport in China as an example. Then the relationships and phase transition among traffic flow parameters are deduced. The study shows that the taxiway traffic flow transfers among three phases: free, synchronized and block flow. Synchronized flow is very sensitive to the density, where the flux decreases from 0.15 to 0.10 flight/min, velocity decreases from 20 to 7.64 m/s with the increase of density. As the ratio of departure rate and arrival rate decreases from 0.2 to 0.15, the critical value of flux drops from 0.15, 0.10 to 0.13, 0.05 flight/min. The critical value of velocity remains the same in free phase, and drops from 7.64, 1.07 to 0.88, 0.25 m/s for synchronized and block flow. The critical value of density drops from 0.50 to 0.46 flight/km in free phase, but increases from 0.88, 6.21 to 3.77, 13.17 flight/km for synchronized and block flow. The study in this paper reveals the evolution mechanism of taxiway traffic flow congestion, which provides the theory basis for the scientific taxiway management and control strategy.