高速干摩擦机械密封的端面变形及摩擦磨损

针对机械密封在高速干摩擦状态下，因设计不当产生端面过度变形和磨损而引起的密封失效问题，建立了热-结构耦合数值计算模型，分析了密封的温度场和端面变形。试验测试了静环温升，分析了动静环端面特征，探讨了高速干摩擦状态下的磨损机制。研究结果表明:建立的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形，计算值和试验值相差小于11%；密封端面峰值温度对转速更敏感，随着运转时间的延长，温度先迅速增加后逐渐变缓；静环易产生锥度变形，造成端面接触压力和磨损不均匀，静环座的“匡正”作用能够改善这类变形；摩擦转移膜的存在状态对密封的温升、端面粗糙度起关键作用，动环表面喷涂Cr₂O₃等金属氧化物，能较好地保持致密的石墨转移膜，减轻密封的磨损。研究结果为机械密封的设计、优化和应用提供了基础。 

End face deformation and friction and wear of high-speed dry friction mechanical seal

In order to solve the problem of seal failure caused by excessive deformation and wear of mechanical seal end face due to improper design under high-speed dry friction conditions, a thermal structure coupled numerical calculation model was established to analyze the temperature field and end face deformation of mechanical seal. The temperature rise of the stationary ring was tested, the characteristics of the end face of the stationary ring were analyzed, and the wear mechanism under high speed dry friction was discussed. The results show that: the established finite element model can accurately predict the temperature and end face deformation of the seal, and the difference between the calculated value and the experimental value is less than 11%; the peak temperature of the seal end face is more sensitive to the rotating speed, and with the extension of the operating time, the temperature first increases rapidly and then gradually slows down; the static ring is prone to taper deformation, resulting in the uneven contact pressure and wear of the end face, and the "correction" effect of the stationary ring seat can improve this kind of deformation; the existence of friction transfer film plays a key role in the temperature rise and surface roughness of the seal. The moving ring surface is sprayed with Cr₂O₃ metal oxides, which can better maintain the dense graphite transfer film and reduce the wear of the seal. The research results provide a basis for the design, optimization and application of mechanical seals.