航天运载器磁悬浮助推发射关键技术

以航天运输为背景,研究了磁悬浮助推发射的磁悬浮、直线电机、空气动力影响和运载器分离发射等关键技术问题.通过磁悬浮系统比较,确定高温超导体EDS(Electrodynamic Suspension)系统是适合的磁悬浮技术方案,在单元静、动态实验测试基础上,研究其基本静态悬浮导向性能和刚度、阻尼特性,并建立缩比研究试验平台以评估磁悬浮系统的综合性能.通过分析2种直线电机类型及优缺点,确定双边感应直线电机是适合磁悬浮发射系统的一种直线电机加速方式,并确定脉冲磁流体发电的能量供给方案.通过磁悬浮发射空气动力影响分析,优化设计磁悬浮发射装置气动外形和气动布局,得出其基本气动特性,并提出利于实现系统俯仰力矩平衡的气动翼控制方案.研究了运载器同时滑离导轨式定向器分离发射方案,并通过动静法计算分析得出运载器从定向器滑轨上成功分离所需具备的基本动力学参数. 

Key technologies of Maglev launch assist for space launch

Key technologies in Maglev launch assist for space launch were studied,such as magnetic levitation(Maglev),linear motor acceleration,aerodynamic effect and space vehicle separating technology.By the comparison of several Maglev systems,high temperature superconductor(HTS) electrodynamic suspension(EDS) system was viewed as a suited one for Maglev launch assist.Based on the static and dynamic experiments of a HTS unit,the levitation and guidance force,rigidity and damping characteristics of the HTS Maglev system were indicated.Then a demo Maglev launch assist test vehicle was built to estimate its levitation performance.By analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of two kinds of linear motor,the double-side inductive linear motor was considered a suited one,and the pulsed MHD generator was the feasible power supply system for the linear motor acceleration.Aerodynamic effect on the Maglev vehicle was studied,and the aerodynamic shape and layout were designed optimally.The basic aerodynamics characteristics were concluded,and the aerodynamic aerofoil was useful for balancing the pitching moment of the Maglev vehicle.The technology of space vehicle separating simultaneously from the direction guideway on the Maglev vehicle was studied.Based on the D' Alan Bert theory,the primary kinetic parameters of space vehicle slipping successfully away from the Maglev vehicle were obtained.