软管锥套式空中加油系统建模与特性分析

针对自主空中加油研究中软管锥套运动模型过于简化，现有建模方法又存在成本高、计算量大、软管长度恒定等缺陷的问题，根据集中参数法原理，提出了一种长度可变的多级串联理想单摆系软管锥套运动模型.同时考虑软管收放、加油机牵连运动、重力、定常流、大气扰动、加油机尾流等内外部因素，推导了迭代形式的变长度软管锥套三维运动方程.由摆长约束导出了求解软管拉力的代数线性方程组，进而给出了模型稳定性证明和适用条件.通过数值仿真，测试了锥套阻力、平衡位置、软管收放等稳态特性，分析了加油机滚转运动、尾涡流场对软管锥套的动态影响以及软管甩鞭现象的产生机理.数值仿真结果验证了所建模型的有效性.

Dynamic modeling and characteristics analysis of hose-paradrogue aerial refueling system

The dynamic model of hose-drogue aerial refueling system is unduly predigested in the research of autonomous aerial refueling, while high cost, computational complexity and inextensible limitation of hose are not solved by the available modeling methods. In order to overcome above problems, a dynamic modeling of hose-drogue aerial refueling system was presented based on the lumped parameter method. The hose was modeled by a series of variable length pendulums-connected rigid links. A set of governing equations of hose 3-D motion was derived subject to reeling in/out of hose, tanker motion, gravity and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence and tanker wake. The linear algebraic equations for the hose tensions was obtained from restrictions of pendulum's length. Reasoning from the equations, stability and applied bound for model were determined. Numerical simulations show a good correlation of the model's steady-state characteristics, including drag, position of drogue, compared with previously reported test data. Also the dynamic characteristics of the drogue assembly resulting from reeling out of hose, a typical roll maneuver of the tanker, tanker wake and the process of hose whip phenomenon were investigated. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the model.